chemicals of universe

8/8/2019 Chemicals of Universe

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It all started with a big explosion that occurred

about 15 and 10 BILLION years ago!


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As the products of THE BIG BANG expanded, they

cooled down and formed all things in the Universe.


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Earth is one of the eight planets that orbitates around

our Sun. This sun is one of the 200 BILLION stars that

make up the MILKY WAY GALAXY

Our SOLAR SYSTEM is in one of the arms of our galaxy. The

light of the nearest galaxy, ANDROMEDA, takes about 2.2

MILLION years to reach Earth!

Andromeda, has about twice the number of stars of Milky

Way.


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All things in Universe are made of MATTER,

and all MATTER is made of a collection of

ATOMS!


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ATOMS are

the basic

buildingblocks of

everything

around us!

Like this

image at

the right is

made ofseveral

different

tiny images!


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There are different types of atoms.

What makes an atom different from another?

Atoms are made of ELECTRONS

spinning around a NUCLEUS.

The NUCLEUS is made of

PROTONS and NEUTRONS

The number of NEUTRONS can vary, but

ELECTRONS and PROTONS are always the

same.

ELECTRONS are NEGATIVE CHARGED

PROTONS are POSITIVE CHARGED

NEUTRONS have NO CHARGE


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OXYGEN

NITROGEN

SILICON

CARBON

IRON

The difference between atoms

1) the number of protons (or electrons) is fixed for a particular atom.

2) each atom has a different number of protons (and hence electrons) from

every other.


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The different atoms are called ELEMENTS!

Scientists have recognized about 118 different ELEMENTS (thus different atoms),

and they are all organized in the:


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There are two basic groups of elements:

METALS and NON-METALS

MOST ELEMENTS ARE METALS!!!


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A MOLECULE of WATER

contains only three

atoms: Two of hydrogen

and one of oxygen

Both are NON-METALS

An ION of SALT contains

atoms of Sodium and

atoms of Chlorine.

Sodium is a METAL and

Chlorine is a NON-METAL

A SOLDER is an ALLOY

made of atoms of Lead

and atoms of Tin. Both

these elements are

METALS

ELEMENTS are the simplest substances,

and together they make up every other substance in the world.

Atoms join together to form MOLECULES, IONS or ALLOYS


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COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES

MIXTURES are made up of two or more elements or COMPOUNDS.

For example, AIR IS A MIXTURE of 3 elements ( Oxygen, Nitrogen and Argon)

and 2 compounds (Carbon dioxide and water vapour). Mixtures are easily separated!

COMPOUNDS are made of two or more elements that when combined, produce a

CHEMICAL REACTION and make a new substance.

For example, SALT IS A COMPOUND of Sodium and Chlorine. Compounds are hard to separate!


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acidic soils produce BLUE FLOWERS, neutral

soils produce very PALE CREAMPETALS,

and alkaline soils results inPINK

orPURPLE

.

Hydrangea macrophylla

The substances can be acid or alkaline.

This is said to be the pH of a substance

The (lower case) p stands for potential

And the (upper case) H stands for Hydrogen

The level of pH is

measured on a scale of 0 to 14

with 0 representing the

highest concentration of acid

and 14 representative of the

most alkaline.Seven is the magic

number for pH because it means

that there is a balance of acid

and alkaline in the solution and

is often referred to as pH

neutral.

ACID orALKALINE

chemicals of universe

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