CHEMICALS OF LIFE

(NUTRIENTS)

CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS).

NUTRIENTS: needed by all organisms for

1. __________ and 2. ______________energy building blocksORGANIC VS. INORGANIC

a) Fill in the type of nutrient for each category.

MACRONUTRIENT(need to

consume ______)

ORGANIC (made by living

things)

1.

2.

3.

INORGANIC 1.

MICRONUTRIENT(need to

consume ______)

ORGANIC 1.

INORGANIC 1.

carbohydrates

proteins

lipids (fats)

water

vitamins

minerals

lots

little

.

CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)

= 6 carbon

ring

= 6 glycerol

= fatty acid (FA)

= amino acids (aa)

20 different kinds

b) Use the simplified images of the monomers shown below to draw a sketch of each of the following tables.

MONOMERS:

Simple carbohydrates “SUGAR”Monosaccharide

glucose, fructose (fruits), galactose

DisaccharidesDisaccharides: maltose (beer), sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk)

****Simple Carbohydrates****

.

CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)

I. CARBOHYDRATES : Contain elements _____, _____, _____

Monomer = _______________ Diagram:

General function: ______________

C H O

glucose ring

energy

.

CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)

I. CARBOHYDRATES :

TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES

No. of Units

Diagram

EXAMPLESFOOD

SOURCESPECIFIC FUNCTION NUTRIENT

TEST

1.mono- saccharide

1 1.glucose honey direct fuel for

mitochondria

Benedict’s blue orange (when heated)

2.fructose fruit

2.di-saccharide

2 1.sucrose

table sugar

enzymes break disaccharides into monosaccharides for energy none

2.lactose

dairy products

. CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS)

I. CARBOHYDRATES :

TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES

No. of Units

DiagramEXAMPLES

FOOD SOURCE

SPECIFIC FUNCTION NUTRIENT TEST

3.poly-saccharide

1. starch

grains potatoesrice

1.Digested into 1000’s of monosaccharides for energy2.how plants store energy

iodine yellow dark blue (looks black)

2. glycogen

muscleliver

how animals store energy

3. cellulose

cell walls (celery)

-tough, insoluble-no enzyme to break it down-provides roughage to help keep you regular

....1000’s

.

CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) I. CARBOHYDRATES :

Plants and animals cannot directly store glucose in their cells because __________________________________________.

Plants change glucose into ___________________ while animals store it as_____________________.

All carbohydrates are digested into _____________________ before entering the blood stream.

it is soluble & would diffuse (flow) away (out of cell)

starchglycogen

monosaccharides (like glucose)

.

CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) II. Proteins : Contain elements ____, ____, ____, ____ ( ____)

Monomer = _______________

Diagram:

C H O

amino acids (a.a.)

N S

.

CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) II. Proteins :

TYPES OF PROTEINS

SPECIFIC FUNCTION EXAMPLES NUTRIENT TEST

1. structural proteins

insoluble proteins which make up all body parts

muscles, bone, hair, skin

Biuretturqoise violet

2. enzymes soluble proteins which speed up chemical reactions in your body

found in saliva, gastric juice

3. hormones

soluble proteins made in glands & carried by the blood to target cells regulate metabolism

testosteroneestrogeninsulinadrenalin

.

CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) II. PROTEINS :

All proteins are digested into ________________ before entering the blood stream.

Your body takes these building blocks and makes its own characteristic proteins.

20 different aa’s

essential a.a.’s = _______ ______ = non-essential a.a.’s

complete proteins incomplete proteins

amino acids

Your body can’t make these so you must consume them in your food

Your body can

make these

contain all 8

essential a.a.’s

don’t contain

all 8 essential

a.a.’s

ex. animal proteins like meat, fish,

eggs

ex. plant proteins like nuts, seeds,

beans

8 12

.

CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) III. LIPIDS (FATS) : Contain elements _____, _____, _____

Monomers = _______________ & ___________________

General functions: 1. energy: twice as much energy as carbohydrates

2. insulation: helps keep heat in & cold out

3. cushions: layer of fat around vital organs

4. storage: long term energy storage

5. cell membrane: major component

6. dissolves fat-soluble vitamins

Diagram:

C H O

glycerol 3 fatty acids

.

CHEMICALS OF LIFE (NUTRIENTS) III. LIPIDS (FATS) :

TYPES OF LIPIDS CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLES DANGERS NUTRIENT TEST

1. SATURATED

solid at room temperature

animal fat i.e. bacon, butter

•cholesterol•arteriosclerosis (arteries harden)•atherosclerosis (arteries get clogged

Trans-luscent stain test

2. UNSATURATED

liquid at room temperature

plant fati.e. olive oil

obesity

heart attack

All fats are digested into _______________________

before they can enter the body.

glycerol & 3 fatty acids

Homework

Page 35

# 1, 3 – 5,

15 (a, b)