chemical stability. all elements want chemical stability. this can happen by: 1. forming ions 2....
DESCRIPTION
Ion An atom (or group of atoms) that has lost or gained e- and has a net electric charge. – Cation (+) – Anion (-) Atom vs. Ion What is an Ion? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=900dXBWgx3YTRANSCRIPT
![Page 2: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chemical Stability• All elements want chemical stability.• This can happen by:
1. Forming Ions2. Forming chemical bonds
(making compounds)
![Page 3: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
IonAn atom (or group of atoms) that has lost or gained e- and has a net electric charge.
– Cation (+)– Anion (-)
Atom vs. Ionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHZlMbBZ0UAWhat is an Ion?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=900dXBWgx3Y
![Page 4: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Valence Electrons• The number of electrons in the
outer orbital of an atom.
![Page 5: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
IonizationAtoms become ions in order to have a complete energy level.
Fluorine Atom Fluorine Ion
![Page 6: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
IonizationOxygen atoms have 6 valence electronsOxygen ions gain 2 e- and becomes O –2
![Page 7: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
IonizationMagnesium atoms have 2 valence electronsMagnesium ions lose 2 e- and become Mg +2
![Page 8: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Oxidation NumberOxidation NumberThe ion “charge”.The ion “charge”.
![Page 9: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Oxidation Numbers• Oxygen ion:
O –2
[gained two e-]
• Magnesium ion: Mg +2
[lost two e-]
![Page 10: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Electron Dot DiagramsDiagrams that display only the valence electrons
![Page 11: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Electron Dot DiagramsAtom Ion
Mgloses 2e- Mg+2
N gains 3e- N -3
Liloses 1e- Li +1
![Page 12: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Polyatomic IonsA group of atoms with a net charge.
OH -1
NO3 -1
PO4 -3
CO3 -2
![Page 13: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Polyatomic IonsHow to Remember Certain Common Polyatomic Ions
Nick the Camel ate a Clam for Supper in Phoenix
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcKR9U4Ixlk
![Page 14: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Compounds• Two or more elements chemically bonded to form a new substance (with different properties).
![Page 15: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Compounds• Shown by:
– Chemical Formula H2O– Structural Formula
OH H
![Page 16: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Compounds• Chemical Formula
Coefficient 3H2O(# of Molecules)
Subscript (# of atoms)
Parentheses (OH)2 = chemical groups
![Page 17: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Compounds• Counting Atoms in Chemical
Formulas
3H2O
![Page 18: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Compounds• Counting Atoms in Chemical
Formulas
6CO2 4NaHCO3
3H3PO4 5Mg(OH)2
2Fe3Al2(SiO4)3
![Page 19: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Chemical BondingChemical Bonding• Chemical Bonding occurs to Chemical Bonding occurs to
achieve Chemical Stability.achieve Chemical Stability.• Atoms gain, lose or share Atoms gain, lose or share
valence electrons.valence electrons.Why do Atoms Bond?Why do Atoms Bond?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOL-nUt_vfo&feature=youtu.be&app=desktop
Bonding SongBonding Songhttp://gaygeek.com.au/blog/2012/09/19/atomic-bonding-love-song-video/
![Page 20: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Types of Bonds• Ionic• Covalent• Metallic
![Page 21: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Type of Bonding Depends on the Difference in the Electronegativity of the Atoms.
Ionic
Non-Polar Covalent Polar Covalent
![Page 22: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Ionic Bonds• Bonds formed by
the attraction between oppositely charged ions.[e- are given away or received]
Ionic Bondinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTx_DWboEVs
![Page 23: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ionic Bonding Rules:1) Metals form ionic bonds with non-
metals.2) Metal form ionic bonds with
polyatomic ions.3) Polyatomic ions form ionic bonds
with each other.
![Page 24: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Ionic BondingLewis Dot Diagrams show chemical bonds resulting from interaction of valence e- and the ion charges.
_
- +3 -
![Page 25: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Predicting Chemical Formulas with Oxidation #s
Mg +2 + Cl - MgCl2
Ca+2 + NO3- Ca(NO3)2
Writing Formulas for Binary Compounds
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vscoYh6m46M
Polyatomic Compoundshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3K5V3kxxlI8&feature=related
![Page 26: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Naming Ionic Compounds• Names are additions of cations and
anions• Cation (1st) is usually the name of
the element.• Anion (next) is the 1st syllable of
the element PLUS the suffix “ide”
![Page 27: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Examples:Li and F = Lithium FluorideMn and O = Manganese Oxide
![Page 28: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Ionic Compounds withPolyatomic Ions
Name the Cation, then the Polyatomic Ion.
Ca+2 + (CO3-2
) ions = Calcium CarbonateNa+ + (CN- ) ions = Sodium CyanideBa+2 + (SO3
-2) ions = Barium Sulfite
![Page 29: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Covalent Bonds• Bonds formed by sharing electrons.
Ionic vs. Covalent Bondinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqjcCvzWwww
Covalent Bondinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1e-f1W-0UA
![Page 30: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Covalent Bonding Rules:1) Hydrogen forms covalent bonds with
metals, non-metals and polyatomic ions.2) Nonmetals form covalent bonds with
other nonmetals.
![Page 31: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Covalent Bonds in EDD
![Page 32: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Diatomic MoleculesSome atoms, (mainly gases) share their extra electrons.
![Page 33: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Polar and Non-Polar Covalent Molecules
• If the electronegativity of the atoms are about the same, they share equally and form a Non-Polar compound.
• If the electronegativity of one type of atom is greater than the other, the electrons are not shared equally and a Polar compound is formed.
![Page 34: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Polar and Non-Polar Covalent Molecules
![Page 35: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Naming Covalent Compounds
• Covalent Compounds are molecules (not ions) bonded together.
• Name reflects the numbers of each element in the compound.
• Use Latin prefixes.
![Page 36: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Latin Prefixes• One (1): Mono• Two (2): Di• Three (3): Tri• Four (4): Tetra or Tetr• Five (5): Pent or Penta• Six (6): Hex or Hexa• Seven (7): Hept or
Hepta
![Page 37: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
ExamplesP2O5 Di = 2, Pent = 5
Diphosphorous Pentoxide
SiO2 Di = 2 Silicon Dioxide
![Page 38: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
There’s always an Exception
• If the first letter of the atom is a vowel, drop the “a”.
• Examples:– Dinitrogen Tetroxide – Carbon Tetrafluoride
![Page 39: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Ionic vs. Covalent Molecules
• Ionic compounds form a network of ions.
• Covalent compounds form individual molecules.
![Page 40: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Ionic vs. Covalent MoleculesProperties of Ionic Compounds• High Melting / Boiling Points• Brittle• Many are Water Soluble• When dissolved in
water, conductelectricity becausethey are chargedparticles [Electrolytes].
Properties of Ionic Compoundshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c546LZPgYwA&safe=activehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgiwdaVMax8&safe=active
How water Dissolves Salthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xdedxfhcpWo
![Page 41: Chemical Stability. All elements want chemical stability. This can happen by: 1. Forming Ions 2. Forming chemical bonds (making compounds)](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051009/5a4d1b787f8b9ab0599b7eca/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Ionic vs. Covalent MoleculesProperties of Covalent Compounds• Low Melting / Boiling Points• Usually Liquid or Gas• “Like Dissolves Like”• Since they are neutral
molecules, they do notconduct electricity whendissolved in water.
Properties of Covalent Moleculeshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ-pcxo-Q5c&safe=active
Like Dissolves Likehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7OuJ6ierB9s&safe=active