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Physical properties

Chemical properties of Alkanes

Chemical properties of Alkenes and Alkynes

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Physical properties

Table of physical properties of Alkanes

Molecular

Formulas

Mr Molecular Structure Bp C Phase(T=25)

CH4

16 CH4 - 162 Gas

C2H6 30 CH3-CH3 -89 Gas

C3H8

44 CH3-CH2-CH3 -42 Gas

C4H10

58 CH3

-CH2

-CH2

-CH3

-0,5 Gas

C5H12

72 CH3-CH2-CH2- CH2 -CH3 36 Liquid

CONCLUSION : Mr >>, Bp >>

Mr

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Graphic of boiling point ofGraphic of boiling point of AlkanesAlkanes

CONCLUSION : boiling point of linear chain is bigger than

boiling point of branch chain with similar molecular formula

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Table of Physical properties of Alkenes

Molecular

Formula

Mr Bpc Phase(T=25c)

C2H4

28 -104 Gas

C3H6

42-4 Gas

C4H8

56 -6,2 Gas

C5H10

7030 Liquid

CONCLUSION : Mr >>, Bp >>

Mr

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Molecular

Formulas

Mr Bp

c

Phase

(T=25c)

C2H2

26 -104 Gas

C3H4 40 -48 Gas

C4H6

54 -6,2

-6,9

Gas

C5

H8

68 30 Liquid

CONCLUSION : Mr >>, Bp >>

Mr

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1. If relative molecular mass of HC is bigger or the chain

is longer, its boiling point is bigger

2.HC with linear chain has bigger boiling point than

branched one (same molecular formula)

3.Phase of HC with lower boiling point are gas (C1 C4)4.Phase of HC (C5 C18) are liquid

5.Phase of HC ( > C18) are solid

HC arent soluble in water or other polar

solvents but soluble in non polar solvents

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CHEMICAL REACTIONOFHC

Oxidation

SubstitutionSubstitution

AdditionAddition

EliminationElimination

PolimerizationPolimerization

AlkanesAlkanesAlkenesAlkenesAlkynesAlkynes

AlkanesAlkanes

AlkenesAlkenesAlkynesAlkynes

AlkanesAlkanes

AlkenesAlkenesAlkynesAlkynes

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Im

perfect oxidation

CH3 - CH3 + 3/2 O2 2C + 3H2O

2CH3 - CH3 + 3 O2 4C + 6H2O

CH3 - CH3 + 5/2 O2 2CO + 3H2O2CH3 - CH3 + 5 O2 4CO + 6H2O

Perfect oxidationPerfect oxidation

CHCH33 -- CHCH33 ++ 7/27/2 OO22 2CO2CO22 + 3H+ 3H22OO2CH2CH33 -- CHCH33 ++ 77OO22 4CO4CO22 + 6H+ 6H22OO

What is the mole

of oxygen that

required to

oxidize butane

CHEMICAL REACTION OF ALKANES

1. OXIDATION REACTION/ COMBUTION REACTION

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CCnnHH2n+22n+2 + X+ X22 ,,hvhv CCnnHH2n+12n+1XX + HX+ HX

CHCH33--CHCH33 + Cl+ Cl22 ,,hvhv CHCH33--CHCH22ClCl ++ HClHClEthane ChlorineEthane Chlorine ChloroethaneChloroethane Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid

CHCH33--CHCH33 + Br+ Br22 ,,hvhv CHCH33--CHCH22BrBr ++ HBrHBrEthane BromineEthane Bromine BromoethanaeBromoethanae HydrobromicHydrobromic acidacid

2. SUBSTITUTION REACTION (HALOGENATION)

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3. ELIMINATION REACTION

CH3 - CH2 - CH CH3 KOH CH3 - CH = CH CH3 + HBr

Br

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Imperfect combution

CH2 = CH2 + 2 O2 2C + 2H2O

CH2 = CH2 + 3 O2 2CO + 2H2O

CH CH + 1/2 O2 2C + H2O2CH CH + O2 4C + 2H2O

CH CH + 3/2 O2 2CO + H2O2CH CH + 3O2 4CO + 2H2O

CHEMICAL REACTION OF ALKENES AND ALKYNES

1. OXIDATION REACTION/ COMBUTION REACTION

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CHCH22=CH=CH--CHCH33 + H+ H22 Ni/PtNi/Pt CHCH33--CHCH22--CHCH33

CHCHCH + HCH + H22 Ni/PtNi/Pt CHCH22=CH=CH22

CHCHCHCH + 2H+ 2H22 Ni/PtNi/Pt 200200cc CHCH33--CHCH33

2. ADDITION REACTION

a. Hidrogenation

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CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2Br-CH2Brethene dibromoethane

CHC-CH3 + 2Br2 CHBr2-CBr2-CH3propyne 1,2-tetrabromopropane

b. Halogenation

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CH2=CH2 + HCl CH2-CH2Cl

etena kloroetana

CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + HCl CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH3

2-butena 2-klorobutana

CHCH CH + 2HClCH + 2HCl CHCH33 --CHCH22ClCl

etunaetuna kloroetanakloroetana

CHCH33--CC CC--CHCH33 ++ HClHCl CHCH33--CH=CClCH=CCl--CHCH3322--butuna 2butuna 2--klorokloro--22--butenabutena

CH3-C C-CH3 + 2HCl CH3-CH2-CCl2-CH3

2-butuna 2-klorobutana

c.Addition using Halide acid

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CHCH33--CH= CHCH= CH--CHCH22 -- CHCH33 ++ HClHCl CHCH33--CHClCHCl--CHCH22--CHCH22--CHCH33

CHCH33--CH=CHCH=CH22 ++ HClHCl CHCH33--CHClCHCl--CHCH33

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CH2 = CH2 + CH2 = CH2 + CH2 = CH2 + ........... - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 -etena polietena

CHCH22 == CHClCHCl + CH+ CH22 == CHClCHCl + CH+ CH22 == CHClCHCl ++ .................... -- CHCH22 CHClCHCl -- CHCH22 CHClCHCl -- CHCH22 CHClCHCl --kloroetenakloroetena (( vinilkloridavinilklorida)) polivinilkloridapolivinilklorida

monomer + monomer + monomer + monomermonomer + monomer + monomer + monomer ........ polymerpolymer

PolymerizationPolymerization

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Solve the reaction below!!!

Addition of HCl in 2-methyl-1-butene

Addition ofAddition of HClHCl in 4in 4--ethylethyl--22--hexsenehexsene