Chem 125 Lecture 19/6/06

Projected material

This material is for the exclusive use of Chem 125 students at Yale and may not

be copied or distributed further.

It is not readily understood without reference to notes from the lecture.

Enter on the white card in this order (no need to write the word “Name”, etc.)

Name (pronunciation hints if necessary)

Prefer to be Called: (e.g. Jay, not Jethro)

Phone and E-mail (if you haven't heard from me yet)

Hometown with zip code

Previous school & its location

Name of your best HS science teacher (with subject)

Prospective major(s)

Put comments or questions on back.

Exam Dates

10 lectures

Fri. Sept 29

10 lect

Wed. Oct 25

9 lect

Fri. Nov. 17

8 lect Mon. Dec 18

100 pts

100 pts

100 pts

300 pts

Semester grade biased by faithfulness in timely problem set submission

OrganicChemistry

HELP !

Probably coming later

PowerPoints / Lecture Notes (in-class questions / e-mail questions)

Course web site: https://webspace.yale.edu/chem125_f06/

Assigned problems or questions

Instructor : Prof. J. M. McBride (Thurs 1-2:30 or by appt)TAs : Joshua Baraban & Gözde Ulas (Mon/Thurs 7-9 pm)

Other Chem 125 students!Alumni (web advice)

Course Wiki: wiki (my Safari browser chokes on this link)

Text Book:

Brian Trantow & David Weinberg (Sun. 8-10 pm) Alumni Teaching Interns:

Problems For Friday: 1) Which two class members live nearest you?2) What are the three most common items of advice from course veterans?

For Monday: Isotope problems from Pepys & Newton

For Wednesday:1) Lewis Structures for Functional Groups2) Are Lewis Structures correct?3) What do they show?

The

BigQuestion

How do you know?

John McBride (age 3)

How do you know?

John McBride (age 35)

Finger Writes

Shows JoshuaFaith-based

Science?

Asks question of Class

Class

Do not suppose that I was a very deep thinker, or was marked as a precocious person. I was a very lively imaginative person, and could believe in the Arabian Nights as easily as in the Encyclopaedia. But facts were important to me, and saved me. I could trust a fact, and always cross-examined an assertion. So when I questioned Mrs. Marcet's book by such little experiments as I could find means to perform, and found it true to the facts as I could understand them, I felt that I had got hold of an anchor in chemical knowledge, and clung fast to it.

Michael Faraday, 1858National Portrait Gallery

When someone says science teaches such and such, he is using the word incorrectly. Science doesn't teach it; experience teaches it.

If they say to you science has shown such and such, you might ask, "How does science show it - how did the scientists find out - how, what, where?" Not science has shown, but this experiment, this effect has shown.

Learn from science that you must doubt the experts… Science is the belief in the ignorance of experts.

(to Nat’l Science Teachers Assn. 1966)

Why quote Feynman?

No.Because what he says

makes sense.

Because he is an expert?

Budiansky Cover

How do we know?

17th Century

1800

LavoisierOxidation

1900

PlanckQuantization

NewtonGravitation

BaconInstauration

LutherReformation

ColumbusNavigation

2000

Us

17001600

Robt. Hooke(1635-1703)

1500

CopernicusRevolution

Hooke (1665)

On his scholasticCambridge tutors:

"Men of sharp wits, shut up in their cells of a few

authors, chiefly Aristotle, their

Dictator."

Shakespeare(1564-1616)

All the philosophy of nature which is now received, is either the philosophy of the Grecians, or that other of the alchemists…

The one is gathered out of a few vulgar observations, and the other out of a few experiments of a furnace.

The one never faileth to multiply words, and the other ever faileth to multiply gold.

Galileo(1564-1642)

Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

Instauratio MagnaThe Great Restoration

Novum OrganumInductive Scientific Method toreplace Aristotelian deduction

?

www.confluence.org

Pillars of Hercules

JebelMusa

(Morocco)

Jebelal Tarik(Gibraltar)

PLUS ULTRA

To Sept 17Not to be Missed!

"Many will pass through and knowledge will be

increased.”Daniel 12:4

Instauratio Magna (1620)

“…that wisdom which we have derived principally from the Greeks is but like the boyhood of knowledge, and

has the characteristic property of boys:

“…it is but a device for exempting ignorance from ignominy.”

“…the end which this science of mine proposes is the invention not of arguments but of arts.”

“…not so much by instruments as by experiments …skilfully and artificially devised for the express purpose of determining the point in question.”

“restoration of learning and knowledge”

it can talk, but it cannot generate;”

Horology

Meteorology Chemistry

Astronomy

Royal Society1662

Ac ne forte roges, quo me ..duce, quo lare tuter, Nullius addictus jurare in .. ..verba magistri Quo me cumque rapit .. .. .. ..tempestas, deferor hospes.

.. .. .. .. .. .. Horace (15 B.C.)Lest you ask who leads .. .. me, in what household .. I lodge, There is no master in .. .. .. whose words I am .. .. .. .. bound to take an oath, Wherever the storm .. .. .. .. forces me, there I put in .. as a guest.

“The Royal Society for the Improving of

Natural Knowledge by Experiments”

(the late)

Francis BaconViscount Brouncker

(President)

Navigation

Experimentum Crucis“Crucial”

www.bluestreetjazzband.com

Experimentum Crucis

Newton’s “Experimentum Crucis” (1666 -1672)

Light is a substance; not Hooke’s waves.

“Nec variat lux fracta colorem.”

“The broken light does not change

its color.”

Robert Boyle

Robert Boyle(1627-1691)

1676

anagrams

Hooke(1660)

0.1% = 10 10,000 Inventions

1678

F = -k x Hooke’s Force Law!

Scale

Are There Atoms & Molecules?

What Force Holds Atoms Together?

When doesa Chain of Atoms

Snap?

Force Laws & Molecular Structure

Spring Gravity / Electrical Charge

Balanced minimum Balanced minimum !

F = -k x F = -k / (r)2

Ene

rgy

Single Minimum Double Minimum

x

Morse Potential(1929)

Snaps atInflection Point

Sum

(Change from direct to inverse force)