che317 intro lecture

September 7, 2005

Welcome to

ChE317:INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL

ENGINEERING ANALYSIS

Unique Number: 14310

Course Overview and IntroductionJanuary 22, 2009

Prof. Hal Alper

January 22, 2009Slide # 2CHE 317, Lecture Notes—Course Intro.

What are material and energy balances?M+E balances help account for what is occurring within a

process

Examples:

• City of Austin gets its water from the various lakes which get refilled by rainfall. How is the level influenced by these processes?

• If we want to produce corn ethanol for a biofuel, how much corn and energy is needed to produce 100 M gallons per year?


What are material and energy balances?Examples:• A patient is on dialysis treatment, given a certain

dialysis rate and blood composition, how much urea is cleared from the blood?

• Steam is used to heat the hot water in pipes going to the sink. What’s the temperature of the water and what happens to the steam?

• Natural gas is burned in a furnace, what is the outlet temperature? How much gas is needed to melt a given amount of ice?Material and Energy balances allow us to account for

changes within a system


Course OverviewPersonnel• Professor:

Dr. Hal Alper (CPE 5.408)Office Hours: Th 2:45 – 4:15 PM, F 1-2:30 PM or by appointmentE-mail: [email protected]

• Teaching Assistant:Amanda Lanza (CPE 5.128)Office Hours: M 9:30 – 10:30 AM (CPE 3.448), 3 – 4:30 PM (CPE 4.446),

or by appointmentE-mail: [email protected]

• Tutors: TBA

• Grader: Teresa Wang


Course Overview• Lectures:

– T,Th 12:30 – 2 PM (CPE 2.218)– Please be punctual. Attendance is strongly suggested as there will

be unannounced quizzes (see quizzes section below). Most lectures (and some quizzes) will be based on reading assignmentsthat you should complete prior to coming to class.

• Recitation:– W 1 – 3 PM (CPE 2.218)– Please be punctual. Attendance is not compulsory but is strongly

encouraged as there will be unannounced quizzes (see quizzes section below). Your TA will be going over practice problems and answering questions at these sessions.


Course OverviewCourse Goals and Overview:

Material and Energy Balances form the foundation for nearly all future chemical engineering courses and analysis. The process of account for mass and energy is akin to “chemical accounting” and in this course we will learn how to formulate the balances that govern systems in which mass and energy are exchanged. Included in this analysis are both reactive and non-reactive systems. An overview of physical behavior will be included to provide an introduction to energy balances. Overall, this course will provide an introduction to the principles and calculation techniques used in the field of Chemical Engineering as well as provide an exposure of the various areas and facets of current Chemical Engineering research. Thiscourse is designed to:

• Provide you with the fundamentals of material and energy balances as applied to chemical engineering to enable the analysis of a chemical process

• Develop efficient methods of and life-long skills for problem solving through exercise problems and thought experiments

• Offer practice in defining problems, collecting data, analyzing data• Help you decide if you have chosen the right field


Course Prereqs.• Course Prerequisites:

– One year of freshman mathematics (algebra, solutions of simultaneous equations, quadratic equations, basic differentiation and integration, trigonometry and basic geometry [areas and volumes of simple shapes]) – M408C, M408D

– Chemistry (stoichiometry, concept of mole, molecular weight, concentration, molarity, molality, etc.; enthalpy of reaction, ideal gas law, pressure, absolute temperature) – Ch302, Ch204

– Basic knowledge of statics and dynamics in physics (concepts of force, work, pressure, kinetic energy, potential energy) – Phys303 or high school physics

– Spreadsheet calculations for solving systems of linear equations, function minimization, and plotting – ChE210

– Time management skills (Keep up with the work and come to class!)


Course Overview• Course Textbook:

– D.M. Himmelblau and J.B. Riggs, Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, 7th Edition. Prentice Hall, 2004.

• Course Website:– A course website will be maintained on Blackboard

(www.courses.utexas.edu). Please check it regularly!• Lecture Notes

– Lecture notes and study guides will be posted to the website. These lecture notes are designed in a “fill in the blank” format to ease note-taking and allow for more time to think aboutthe material rather than spending the lecture trying to frantically copying the material from scratch. Beyond the class notes, you will also need paper for solving example problems in class.


Grading OverviewGrading:

– You may select one of two grading schemes [choice should be indicated in writing on the last day of class]:

Scheme A Scheme BHomework 10 10Best of 5 Quizzes 20 20Tests 70 60Final Exam 0 10

Note that grades will be curved as necessary and letter grades assigned based on natural breaks in the distribution.


Grading OverviewChE317 Fall 2008

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Quizzes+HW (30 pts max)

Exam

Gra

des

(70

pts

max

)

Come to class, do the homework, keep up with the reading, and you are highly likely to pass ChE317


Course Overview• Homework:

– Homework will be generally be assigned at the end of the lecture period on Tuesdays; they are due at the beginning of the specified lecture period(usually a week from assigned date). Late homework will not be accepted. Your homework must be neatly presented in the standard chemical engineering format. Homework must be handed in individually, but you are encouraged to work in groups to discuss and solve the problems. Homework problems are graded with an emphasis on effort and setting up the problem, and only selected problems within each assignment will be graded. A homework formatting guide will be provided with the first assignment, please follow it for all homework.

• Reading Assignments:– At the end of each lecture, you will also be given a reading assignment.

Read the sections prior to the next lecture. Work the example problems and use the Key Ideas, Key Words, Self Assessment Test, Thought Problems, and Discussion Questions in your textbook as a guide to whether you have fully understood the material.


• Quizzes: – There will be six unannounced quizzes of one or two questions held

during the lecture period. These quizzes are based on materials covered in reading assignments, classroom discussions, and homework. A bonus of 5 points will be added to your final grade if you score perfect tens on all your quizzes. You have one week after the quiz is returned to you to request for re-grading. Re-grading requests should be submitted in writing at the end of the lecture period.

• Tests: – Three exams are scheduled for 6:30-9:30 pm on February 25, April

8, and May 4. These exams will take place in CPE 2.218. In exchange for evening examinations, the class will not meet on onJanuary 20, April 2 and one additional day to be announced. You have one week after the exam is returned to you to request for re-grading. Re-grading requests should be submitted in writing at the end of that lecture period. Optional review sessions (outside of class time) will be held before each of the exams.

Course Overview


Course Overview• Final Exam:

– The final exam (depends on grading scheme selected) is currently scheduled for Saturday, May 16, 9:00–12:00 noon.

• The University of Austin provides upon request appropriate academic accommodations for qualified students with disabilities. For more information, contact the Office of the Dean of Studentsat 471-6259, 471-6441 TTY.

• Absence: – No excuses for missed tests, exams, or quizzes will be

accepted other than written certified medical excuses or written letters on university letterhead for UT-related school activities.


Course Outcomes• Knowledge, Abilities, and Skills Students Should Gain From this

Course:– Familiarity with chemical process equipment– Exposure to systems analysis and concepts of unit operations– Ability to convert between different sets of units, to use the appropriate

gravitational conversion factor, and to distinguish between gauge and absolute pressures

– Ability to write and balance chemical reaction equations– Ability to identify the excess and limiting reagents, and calculate the percent

conversion and yield of reactions– Ability to define steady state and distinguish between open and closed

systems– Ability to solve material balances for systems with or without a chemical

reaction; ability to solve a number of interconnected units involving recycle, bypass, and purge

– Ability to define an ideal gas, and calculate based on the perfect gas equation

– Ability to apply Dalton’s and Amagat’s Laws for ideal gas mixtures– Ability to define vapor pressure, saturation, equilibrium, triple point, dew

point, partial saturation (humidity), etc.; ability to distinguish between wet and dry bulb temperatures


Course Outcomes• Knowledge, Abilities, and Skills Students Should Gain From this

Course:– Ability to define heat, work, energy, enthalpy, etc.– Ability to estimate heat capacities and calculate enthalpy changes, with and

without phase changes– Ability to use steam tables– Ability to solve energy balances for open and closed systems, with or

without chemical reactions– Ability to solve simple combined material and energy balances (with or

without chemical reactions)– Ability to distinguish and calculate adiabatic and non-adiabatic problems– Ability to apply spreadsheet calculations to mass and energy balance

problems– Exposure to library and reference data sources – Ability to work in groups

Impact on Subsequent Courses in Curriculum:Virtually every subsequent ChE course requires material and energy balanceconcepts. Additionally, properties of materials (gas laws, vapor pressures, etc.) are important in Ch322, ChE322, ChE354, ChE350, ChE 363, and ChE473K.


Academic Integrity• Academic Integrity:

– The University has a strict policy on academic integrity. Any form of plagiarism or academic dishonesty will NOT be tolerated in ChE 317. If you have any questions, please consult the websites below:

– http://deanofstudents.utexas.edu/sjs/acint_student.php– http://www.utexas.edu/courses/clubmed/plgrism_cit.html– Failure to comply with the University’s policy will result in a

“zero” in the assignment and an “F” for CHE 317.


Course content outline

Chapter 3Basis sets

Chapter 2Process VariablesChapter 1Dimensions, Units and Conversions

--Introduction to Chemical EngineeringPart 1: Introduction to Engineering Analysis



Chapter 12Material balances with Recycle, bypass and purge

Chapter 11Multi-unit processes with reactions

Chapter 10Material balances for systems with reactions

Chapter 9Material balances accounting for reactions

Chapter 8Material balances for single, unreactive units

Chapter 7Problem solving definition and strategies

Chapter 6Basic Material balances

Part 2: Material Balances



Chapter 18Partial saturation and humidity

Chapter 17Saturation, condensation and vaporization

Chapter 16Vapor pressure: Antoine, Cox Charts and steam tables

Chapter 13Ideal gasses and mixtures with applications to material balances

Chapter 5Pressure measurement and manometer applications

Chapter 4Temperature units and measurement

Part 3: Behavior of Gases, Vapors, Liquids, and Solids



Chapter 26Applications and analysis of combined mass and energy balances

Chapter 25Combined mass and energy balances with reactions

Chapter 24Energy balances without reactions

Chapter 23Enthalpy Changes

Chapter 22Basic non-reactive energy balances

Chapter 21Types of energy and related concepts (potential, internal, kinetic and enthalpy changes, use of steam tables)

Part 4: Energy Balances


Few final notes….

• During lectures, recitation sections, and exams, you will not need:– A laptop– Your cell phone– An iPod– Students chatting in the back


ChemE survival guide (adapted from L.S. Bullard)http://www4.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/Papers/CHE_Survival_Guide(Bullard).pdf

“Family Feud” of what ChemE students say after they are done…• Develop a strong work ethic – work consistently over the semester. Don’t

try and play catch up at the last minute; it won’t work! “There is no such thing as a lazy and successful chemical engineer.”

• Work in groups – appreciate team learning; that’s what the study groups are intended for. You will reap the benefits (big time!!) of helping each other learn the material. But don’t rely on group work to carry you through – you will be taking the tests individually!

• Get organized – take good notes. You may, one day, need to refer back to notes taken in your rudimentary courses.

• Embrace ChE as a new community—get to know your fellow students, join student chapters of AIChE


ChemE survival guide (adapted from L.S. Bullard)

• Train your brain to think differently – understand the topic. Memorization will not carry you though in Chemical Engineering!!

• Sorry, there are no more multiple choice exams… until you take the GRE’s, that is…

• Chemical Engineering is not Chemistry – be quantitative, be rigorous.

• Follow Instructions—if it says use green engineering paper, use it!

• Ask for help – help is always available; we don’t know you need help until you ask!

• Keep your eye on the goal and stick it out—ChemE is tough, that’s why you’re here, work hard and study and ask questions!


Introduction to Chemical Engineering

• What is Chemical Engineering?• What do Chemical Engineers do?

Chemical engineers create processes based upon physical and chemical changes. These processes may yield marketable products, e.g., gasoline, microelectronics, antibiotics, or non-commercial products, like clean air and water.


What is chemical engineering?• Chemical engineering started as a profession over 100 years

ago at the interface of chemistry and mechanical engineering. The principal goal then was to commercialize chemical reactions developed on a chemist’s bench.

• 100th anniversary of American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)– Compiled top achievements in major areas of:

• Energy generation• Environmental protection• Biomedicine• Electronics• Food production• Materials


Chemical engineering achievements

• Energy generation– Traditional refining (including catalytic

cracking)– Synthetic fuels / biofuels– Electricity from coal

• Environmental protection– More efficient car engines– Pollution control in industrial smoke stacks– Wastewater treatment– Recycling industrial waste



• Biomedicine– Kidney dialysis– Glucose monitors for Diabetes– Tissue engineering and drug delivery

• Electronics– Microchip materials processing (including

process to mass produce silicon microchips)– Ultrapure materials including wafer production– Creation of clean rooms and fab rooms



• Food production– Growing food (includes fertilizer and

pesticide)– Food packaging (plastic containers)– Artificial sweeteners

• Materials– Plastics– Telecommunications– Computer chips– Biomaterials


Chemical engineering statistics

• UT is a top 10 Chemical Engineering school (you’re highly competitive after you graduate)

• Chemical Engineers are extremely flexible and are well sought after in many industries

• Chemical engineers are highly paid


So, is this just an introductory survey course?

• NO!!• Material and energy balances are

essential for the rest your chemical engineering career


Mass and Energy Balances

• In order to write balances, we must be able to equate apples with apples and oranges with oranges– Dimensions/Conversions (Chap. 1)– Process Variables (Chap. 2)– Basis Sets (Chap. 3)


Assignment

• For next class on Tuesday, Jan. 27:–Read Chapters 1 and 2–Print out Section 1 Lecture Notes

for lecture on Tuesday

che317 intro lecture

Documents