chcece002 - vetres · ensure the health and safety . chc community services training package...

CHC Community Services Training Package Version 1

Learner guide

Version 1

Training and Education Support

Industry Skills Unit

Meadowbank

Product Code: 5767

CHCECE002

Ensure the health and safety of children

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CHCECE002 Ensure the health and safety of children

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© TAFE NSW (Training & Education Support, Industry Skills Unit Meadowbank) 2013


Acknowledgments

TAFE NSW Training and Education Support Industry Skills Unit, Meadowbank

would like to acknowledge the support and assistance of the following people in

the production of this learner guide.

Writer Gael Stewart

Teacher, Early Childhood Education and Care

TAFE NSW

Reviewer Lisa Wallmeyer

Teacher, Child Studies

TAFE NSW

Project Manager Gail Horwood

A/Education Programs Manager

TAFE NSW

Enquiries

Enquiries about this and other publications can be made to:

Training and Education Support, Industry Skills Unit Meadowbank

Level 3, Building J,

See Street,

MEADOWBANK NSW 2114

Tel: 02-9942 3200 Fax: 02-9942 3257

Further acknowledgments

A considerable amount of the material in this learner resource has been

developed from the following TAFE NSW resources:

CHCCN301A Ensure the health and safety of children learner guide - version 2

(2012)

Anaphylaxis management online resource – version 2 (2013)

Asthma management online resource – version 1 (2013)

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Table of Contents

Introduction .................................................................................. 9

1. General introduction ............................................................................. 9

2. Using this learner guide ......................................................................... 9

3. Prior knowledge and experience ........................................................... 11

4. Unit of competency overview ............................................................... 11

5. Assessment ....................................................................................... 11

Section 1 - Support each child's health needs ............................. 17

Background introduction .......................................................................... 17

Supporting children’s health needs ........................................................... 18

Communicating with families about children’s health needs ......................... 18

Maintain confidentiality in relation to children’s individual health needs ......... 19

Administering medication ........................................................................ 19

Storage of medicines .............................................................................. 26

Poisoning............................................................................................... 28

Section summary ................................................................................... 29

Section 2 – Provide opportunities to meet each child’s need for sleep, rest and relaxation ............................................................ 31

Sleep, rest and relaxation times ............................................................... 31

Communicating with families around children’s sleep needs ......................... 32

Factors to consider when planning a positive rest environment for children .... 35

Safe sleep practices ................................................................................ 36

Children’s comfort needs ......................................................................... 39

Children’s dignity .................................................................................... 41

Section summary ................................................................................... 42

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Section 3 – Implement effective hygiene and health practices .... 43

Supporting children to learn personal hygiene practices .............................. 43

Main ways to prevent infection ................................................................. 45

Exclusion of ill children, educators and other staff ....................................... 49

Immunisation......................................................................................... 50

Additional strategies to stop germ spread .................................................. 53

Effective environmental cleaning .............................................................. 55

Hygienic nappy changing and toileting ...................................................... 58

Observing and responding to signs of illness and injury in children ............... 60

How to manage a child who is unwell ........................................................ 61

Injury ................................................................................................... 65

Section summary ................................................................................... 67

Section 4 – Supervise children to ensure safety .......................... 69

Ensuring correct educator to child ratios .................................................... 69

Effective supervising ............................................................................... 71

Exchanging supervision information with other staff .................................... 75

Special needs supervision ........................................................................ 75

Positive guidance techniques to educate children about safe behaviours ........ 76

Road safety ........................................................................................... 78

Section summary ................................................................................... 78

Section 5 – Minimise Risks .......................................................... 79

Safety checks ........................................................................................ 79

Use, storage and labelling of dangerous products ....................................... 84

Safe arrival and collection of children ........................................................ 86

Sun safety ............................................................................................. 89

Sun Protection ....................................................................................... 90

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Toy and equipment safety ....................................................................... 96

Offering children challenging play ........................................................... 102

Section summary ................................................................................. 104

Section 6 - Recognise and respond to allergy and anaphylaxis .. 105

The immune system ............................................................................. 105

Allergies and anaphylaxis ...................................................................... 105

Anaphylaxis awareness and prevention ................................................... 109

Managing anaphylaxis ........................................................................... 110

First aid treatment ................................................................................ 113

Legislation and regulations .................................................................... 115

Section summary ................................................................................. 117

Section 7 - Recognise and respond to asthma emergencies ...... 119

Understanding asthma .......................................................................... 119

Principles of asthma management .......................................................... 122

Asthma emergency first aid ................................................................... 128

Legislation and regulations .................................................................... 130

Section summary ................................................................................. 132

Answers to Activities ................................................................. 133

Section 1 ............................................................................................. 133

Section 3 ............................................................................................. 135

Section 4 ............................................................................................. 139

Section 5 ............................................................................................. 142

Section 6 ............................................................................................. 144

Reference List............................................................................ 147

Resource evaluation form .......................................................... 151

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Unit code Unit name Section 1 - Support each child's health needs

Background introduction

There is legislation in place to ensure that education and care services are healthy

and safe places for children. Assessment and Compliance Officers regularly visit

education and care services to ensure they are complying with various licensing

and regulating requirements under the National Quality Framework (NQF).

The NQF consists of:

a national legislative framework that includes - the Education & Care

Services National Act and the Education & Care Services National

Regulations

a National Quality Standard (NQS) consisting of 7 quality areas

a National quality rating & assessment process

a Regulatory Authority in each state and territory which approves

and monitors childhood education and care in accordance with the

National legislative framework and National quality standards.

Following is a link to the Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality

Authority (ACECQA) http://www.acecqa.gov.au/

ACECQA is the national body which oversees the NQF and ensures that education

and care services across Australia are of high quality

Embedded in this website are links to publications where you can view the laws

and standards which make up the NQF. It is these laws and standards that

services and educators need to be familiar with, because they contain all the

practical details needed to operate a safe and healthy environment for babies and

children. All education and care services must have health and safety polices

which comply with the NQF. This learning guide will make regular reference to

the NQF.

Because childhood is a vital period in a child’s learning and development,

reference will also be made to the national Early Years Learning Framework

(EYLF) and the My Time, Our Place Framework (MTOP). These frameworks

assist educators to provide opportunities for young children to maximise their

potential and develop a foundation for future success in learning. While it is

important that educators take steps to protect children and ensure their safety, it

is also important to teach children to develop safe practices. In this way, children

will be able to identify potential hazards or dangerous behaviour and understand

what the consequences might be. This learner resource includes the elements of

the EYLF – becoming, belonging and being as embedded in the Principles,

Practices and Learning Outcomes of the EYLF.

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Supporting children’s health needs

Children at home are often protected from many infectious diseases because they

do not come into contact with as many people as they will in an education and

care service. Those adults that they do come into contact with at home are

usually immune to many childhood illnesses because they would have had them

as a child or have been immunised against them. Many children pick up diseases

when they first commence education and care for the following reasons:

they may commence education and care when their immune systems are

still developing

they may be still too young to be immunised against some diseases

they will have close physical contact with other children and educators

through daily activities and play

they often put objects in their mouths

they may pick up germs spread by children not covering their coughs and

sneezes.

Education and care service providers and educators are required to follow strict

regulatory requirements to ensure the health and safety of all children who attend

the service. Following subheadings are best practice areas which assist in

compliance with regulatory requirements and support each child’s health needs.

Communicating with families about children’s health needs

Families that use education and care services place a high level of trust and

responsibility on educators. Families expect that when they are not present, their

children will be kept safe and their health and wellbeing will be protected.

Families also expect that educators will care for their children should they become

ill or injured and that educators will keep them informed about their child’s

wellbeing whilst at the service.

The Education and Care Services National Regulations 2011 states that we have a

legal obligation to inform families of any incident, injury, trauma, or illness as

soon as is practicable, but no later than 24 hours after the incident. When an

education and care service calls to notify a family or guardian that their child is

not well, educators need to be prepared with all the information necessary.

Educators need to give parents this information in a clear, concise and calm way.

Following are some points for you to consider when communicating with families

should you need to contact them about their child’s health needs:

1. be calm and professional.

2. reassure the parent as they may become very concerned. Explain that the

situation is being responded to by caring and capable staff.

3. be factual. Have an incident, injury, trauma and illness record form which

details the child’s symptoms.

4. your service will have a policy based on current legislation on injury, trauma

and illness - be guided by the policy and procedures.

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Unit code Unit name Maintain confidentiality in relation to children’s individual health needs

The National Quality Framework (NQF), national Early Years Learning Framework

(EYLF) and the My Time, Our Place (MTOP) Framework all ask educators to go

beyond traditional limited parent involvement to form ‘respectful supportive

relationships’ or ‘partnerships’. Forming a trusting partnership with families is

essential for providing quality education and care for children. The partnership

that forms between families and educators needs to be based on open, honest

and respectful communication. Therefore, it is important that any exchange of

health information in relation to children’s individual health needs is kept

confidential and respects the privacy of both the children and their family.

Confidentiality is a fundamental component of good quality education and care. It

safeguards the privacy of families and children, as well as promoting trust

between families and service providers. As we gain access to individual children’s

personal health information we need to take the following points into

consideration to ensure it remains confidential:

children’s health status, immunisation, external agency information,

custodial arrangements, incident records and medication records must

be stored securely where only educators can access them.

both hard copies such as paper files, and electronic information should

be securely stored. Additional security considerations for electronic

information include the location include computer passwords and use

of firewalls and security software.

ensure that all health information collected from parents or legal

guardians is not disclosed without the prior knowledge or consent from

the parent or guardian.

follow your service’s policy on the collection, storage, use, disclosure

and disposal of personal information. The policy will be based on laws

and standards.

conversations about children and their families must not be conducted

at the service in the presence of or be overheard by those not entitled

to know the information.

discussion of individual children’s health information outside of the

work related environment is also a breach of confidentiality.

Administering medication

Administering medication to children is a high risk practice and requires strict

adherence to safe practices. All education and care services must have a

Medication Administration Policy based upon the legislative requirements as set

out in the Education and Care Services National Regulations 2011. The safety

precautions that follow are based on these Education and Care Services National

Regulations.

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Checks and safeguards

According to Staying Healthy: Preventing infectious diseases in early childhood

education and care services (NHMRC 5th edn.) it is extremely important before

giving any medication to a child that educators check first that the child does not

have an allergy to the medicine and that there is family or guardian consent.

This includes prescription, over-the-counter and homeopathic medications.

In the case of an emergency, it is acceptable to obtain verbal consent from a

registered medical practitioner, or medical emergency service, if the child’s

parent or guardian cannot be contacted. In the case of an anaphylaxis or asthma

emergency, medication may be administered to a child without authorisation. In

this circumstance, the child’s parent and emergency services must be contacted

as soon as possible.

To ensure the best interests of children’s safety and wellbeing, educators must

only administer medication if:

it is in the original container with the dispensing pharmacy label

attached.

the label lists the child as the prescribed person, the strength of drug

and the frequency it is to be given.

This applies to all medications, regardless of whether they are non-prescription

medications (such as teething gels, nappy creams, cough medicines) or

prescription medications (such as antibiotics).

When you give medicine to others, extreme care should be taken, particularly

with children. Imagine what would happen if too much, too little or the wrong

medicine was given. Because of the high risk associated with administering

medication and because unwell children are usually excluded from education and

care services, administration of medicine is not common. Nevertheless, the

upmost care must be taken.

Remember

use hand hygiene measures before and after administering medication

Non-prescribed medications – Over the Counter medications (OTCs)

A common non-prescription medication given to children is liquid paracetamol.

All medication can come in different strengths and liquid paracetamol is no

different. It is important to always read the label. The label must show the

concentration of the medication, the dose instructions and the expiry date. The

dose instruction is usually represented as a table with the estimated weight of the

child and dose required for each age of child. Remember to read the warnings on

the bottle.

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A medication permission form may look something like this:

A form such as the one below should be used for both prescription and non-

prescription medication.

Administration of Medication Permission

No medication can be administered without child guardian permission

Activity 1.1 Following directions

Read the label on a bottle of children’s paracetamol.

Write down what it is used for, when and how often you can give it, the directions

of use and the cautions.

How much paracetamol do you give to a seven month old of average weight? A

one year old of average weight? A three year old of average weight? Note how

many milligrams of paracetamol for every kilogram of body weight for each of

these ages. Write down the doses in mls

7 month old:

1 year old:

3 year old:

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Date .................... Childs Full Name ..........................................................

Name of Medication ..................................................................................

Medical Practitioner/Pharmacist ..................................................................

Reason for Medication ...... ........................................................................

Date prescribed……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Expiry date of medication

Storage requirements

Dose of Medication to be given .................................................................

Route of administration ............................................................................

Time and date of last dose given ................................................................

I request that the above medication be given in accordance with the instructions

below. Please enter the date, dosage and time to be given in the table, and list

any detailed instructions in the space below, including route (e.g. oral, inhaler),

dose, (e.g. thin layer, number of drops/mL/tablets), before or after food.

Instructions:

Parents full name:

Signature: Date:

Date Dosage Time

to be

given

Time

actually

given

Signature of

staff

administering

medication

Signature of

staff cross

checking

medication

Comments

Medication comments

When a parent or guardian hands the medication and the permission form over,

educators must check all the details and the medicine itself before the parent or

guardian leaves, in order to save problems or misunderstandings occurring. What

is on the medication form must tally with what is on the label of the medicine.

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Unit code Unit name Administration of medicine safety checks:

before medication is given to a child, educators should verify the correct

dosage, and the name of the child with another educator/staff member (in

family day care this may not be possible and the educator will need to

carefully check the correct dosage and the name of the child against the

Authority to Administer or Self Administer Medication form.). A check

should be made as to when the last dose was given.

after giving the medication, you need to complete the details on the

Authority to Administer Medication form.

two staff members must always be present – one who administers and one

who cross checks. Both staff members must sign the form.

where the medication requires administration via other than an oral route

or external application, only those educators/staff members who have a

current First Aid Certificate and have received specific instructions from a

health care professional, can administer the medication.

In the case of paracetamol make sure the child has not had a dose in the last four

hours. If a child requires panadol and he has not been in the early education and

care centre for the last four hours educators will need to ring his parents/carer to

check he has not had paracetamol at home. This will prevent any errors and

overdoses.

When you give any medication always check:

1. the label.

2. the expiry date.

3. the dose amount.

4. the medication.

5. the dose frequency.

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