Chaur-Tsuen Lo Ph. D.

National Formosa University

Generally, the basic requirements of a successful system of biological control of plant pests are

(a) an effective biocontrol agent, (b) production and formulation methods that give

rise to high yields of biomass consisting of appropriate efficacious propagules of high viabilityand stability, and

(c) delivery systems that provide a conducive milieuand minimize growth of competitive microflora.

Harman, 1996

何謂優良有效之生物體或菌株Whats is an effective biocontrol agent ?

Rhizosphere (phyllosphere) competence Promote plant growth Reduce plant diseases

Promote plant growth

Negative control Root growth well

CK Pa Pa+M Pa+Tr

Inhibit the pathogens and reduce the disease

1 nM

5 nM

10 nM

20 nM

EC

Producing the high quality biomass with viability, vigor and stability materials

木黴菌WP成品 木黴菌OL成品

木黴菌GG成品

Formulation

傳輸體系 delivery system

Right thing(適當的材料或物質) Right form (適當的製劑或型態) Right time (適當的時機) Right target (適當的病原) Right dose (適當的用量) Right method (適當的方法)

Crop（作物）

拮抗菌Biocontrol agent Pathogen病原菌

A successful biocontrol requires considerable understanding of cropping system; disease epidemiology; the biology, ecology, and population dynamics of biocontrol organisms; and the interactions among these variables.

Microbial pesticides for insects

1. Entomopathogenic fungi

2. Baculoviruses

3. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)

Pheromones and attractants for insects

Metarhizium anisopliae , Nomuraea rileyi , Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii were the frequent species in Taiwan.

Some species has been ready for use on insecticide

Field trials

The larva of Trichoplusia ni was infected by Nomuraea rileyi in cabbage field.

The noctuid larva was infected by Beauveria bassiana after treated with B. bassiana spore suspension.

adding speader-sticker

Solid-state fermenter

Oil-based recovery system developed for separation and concentration of hydrophobicconidia

Control of the紅胸葉蟲Brontispa longissima with M. anisopliae on華盛頓椰子Washingtonia filiferra

Liquid inoculation system

Virulant baculoviruses have been isolated from lepidopterous insects.

Spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus, SeNPV

Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus, SlMNPV

Both laboratory pathogenicity tests and field efficacy trials were conducted with encouraging results.

Green onion Spodoptera exigua

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核多角體病毒之開發利用開發昆蟲病毒量產技術，協助農友有效解決青蔥甜菜夜蛾及斜紋夜蛾等重要害蟲危害問題，使化學農藥減量使用，生產安全優質農產品

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Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt）, is the most

popular microbial insecticide registered in

Taiwan , gave satisfactory results against some

agricultural insect pests and mosquitos.

22Source: TACTRI

Screening of local Bt strains in Taiwan

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Pheromones and attractants

Development and Application of Semiochemicals

Monitoring Mass trapping

Disruption

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Cylas formicanus elegantulus

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Development of Microbial Fungicides

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Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus amyloliquefacien

Trichoderma virens and harzianum

Streptomyces spp.

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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Ba-BPD1 produces antibiotic substances, such as iturin and surfactin, has antimicrobial capacity for inhibiting the fungal or bacterial growth.

It is also a soil bacterium belonging to plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with phosphate-solubilizing, siderphore and IAA production capability.

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To evaluate Ba-BPD1 as a biopesticide, several pathogens like Glomerella cingulata, Botrytis cinereaand so on, were chosen for bioassay, greenhouse potting test and field test, the result showed that Ba-BPD1 do have potential to develop as a bio-control agent.

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To evaluate Ba-BPD1 as a biofertilizer, cabbage and tomato were chosen for potting test, the result showed that Ba-BPD1 can improve the plant growth significantly, it indicated that Ba-BPD1 can not only control the disease of plant, it also can enhance the harvest of crops .

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Taiwan patent / United States Patent

Ba-BPD1

Trichoderma harzianum

Rhizosphere competence

Trichoderma

Check

Check Trichoderma

Growth stages of lily

Primaryroots

Secondary root

Field trials and treatment

Control root rot disease of melon

check Treated Trichoderma

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Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki strain E-911

Technology Transfer and Registration before get into market

Commercial products by different company in Taiwan

Acknowledgements

Dr. Hsieh ,F-C provides several useful pictures

and some student’s technical support