characteristics of waves chapter 15, section 2, pp 514-523
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES
Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523
![Page 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
A. __________
• Represents the amount of __________ carried by the wave
AMPLITUDE
•The maximum movement of a wave from ________.
• Measured from rest to ________ (top of the wave) or rest to __________ (bottom).
REST
CRESTTROUGH
ENERGY
Ex: A sound wave with more energy and greater amplitude is __________LOUDER!
Earth Harp
![Page 3: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
AM
PL
ITU
DE
![Page 4: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• The intensity of an earthquake is determined by the _____________ of the original disturbance and waves.
AMPLITUDE
• Earthquake energy measured by a
_________________.SEISMOMETER
![Page 5: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• The distance between two equivalent parts of a wave. Ex: from ________ to ________
CREST
B. ______________WAVELENGTH
CREST
• Symbol = ___
(Greek letter _______)
Lambda
• unit = ______meter
![Page 7: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• shorter wavelengths carry _______ energy than longer wavelengths.
MORE
![Page 8: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
C. _______PERIOD
• the time (seconds) required for one full _____________ of a wave to pass a certain point.
• Ex: Time between crests in a wave pool
WAVELENGTH
![Page 10: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
D. ________________FREQUENCY• The number of complete waves per unit of time (waves/second)
• Unit = _________.
• Distinguishes one color of ______ from another, or whether or not a _______ is audible.
Hertz (Hz)
SOUND LIGHT
• 1 Hz = 1 vibration / sec
Frequency = 1
T (period)
![Page 12: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Frequency vs. PeriodFrequency Period
• How often something happens
• Time it takes something to happen (start to finish)
• Rate quantity • Time quantity
• Cycles/second • Seconds/cycle
Example: If the woodpecker drums upon a tree 2 times in one second, then the frequency is 2 Hz. Each drum must endure for one-half a second, so the period is 0.5 s.
![Page 13: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Different colors…• In the same medium, light travels at the _____ speed (300,000,000 m/s or 186,000 mph). What makes the colors different? ___________
SAME
frequencies…
![Page 14: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
the frequencies…
• Ex: Humans hear from 20-20,000 Hz
• Mosquito ring tones
SAME
Different sounds…• In the same medium, sound travels at the
______ speed. What makes differently pitched (high/low) sounds? _______________
![Page 15: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• For two waves moving at the SAME
speed, as INCREASES, frequency ____________DECREASES
• In addition, as the period of a wave decreases, the frequency _____________ (INVERSE relationship)
INCREASES
![Page 16: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Wave Speed• The speed of a wave depends on the ________.MEDIUM
• In a given medium, the speed of a wave is ____________.CONSTANT
1500 m/s 340 m/s3,800 m/s
WHY DOES SPEED DIFFER?
![Page 17: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The speed of a wave is equal to wavelength divided by period, or to frequency multiplied by wavelength.
Remember…
the speed of a moving object is found by dividing the ________ the object travels by the ____ it takes the object to travel that distance
or…
speed = distance / time
(v = d / t)
distancetime
![Page 18: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
So… wave speed = wavelength ÷ period
• Because wave speed is the inverse of frequency, dividing by the period is equivalent to multiplying by the frequency.
• Therefore the speed of a wave can also be calculated:
wave speed = frequency × wavelength
v = λ T
v = f x λ
V
λ
T
f
V
λ
![Page 19: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Practice ProblemThe string of a piano that produces the note middle C vibrates with a frequency of ____ Hz. If the sound waves produced by this string have a wavelength in air of ____ m, what is the speed of the sound waves?
Given: Unknown:
frequency, f = 262 Hz wave speed, v = ? m/s
wavelength, λ = 1.30 m
262
1.30
![Page 20: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Equation =
Solution:
v = 262 Hz x 1.30 m
v = 341 m/s
v = f x λ
Variables: v= ? f= 262 Hz λ= 1.30m
![Page 21: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Doppler Effect• An observed change in the ____________ of a wave when the source of the wave or the observer is _________MOVING
FREQUENCY
![Page 22: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Train Horn Doppler
Fire Engine Siren Doppler
![Page 24: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
BLUESHIFT
REDSHIFT
![Page 26: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
More wave speed practice problems
1. The average wavelength in a series of ocean waves is _____ m. A wave crest arrives at the shore on average every ____ s, so the frequency is ______ Hz. What is the average speed of the wave?
15.0
10.0 0.100
![Page 28: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
2. Green light has a wavelength of __________ m. The speed of light is _________ m/s. Calculate the frequency of green light waves with this wavelength.
0.523,000
![Page 29: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
3. The speed of sound in air is about _____ m/s. What is the wavelength of a sound wave with a frequency of _____ Hz (on a piano, the A below middle C)?
340220
![Page 30: CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVES Chapter 15, Section 2, pp 514-523](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f0d5503460f94c208a0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
4. Calculate the frequency of microwaves that have a wavelength of _______ m and a speed of _________ m/s.
0.0085 3,000