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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE

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Page 1: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE - WordPress.com · 2016-09-01 · Characteristics of Living Organisms What does it mean to BE ALIVE? 1. Made up of basic units called cells 2. Are based on

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE

Page 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE - WordPress.com · 2016-09-01 · Characteristics of Living Organisms What does it mean to BE ALIVE? 1. Made up of basic units called cells 2. Are based on

Shells and SnowflakesHow can we distinguish between living and nonlivingthings, such as a radiolarian (top) and a snowflake(bottom)? A radiolarian is a tiny living organism that iscovered with a glasslike shell and lives in the ocean.A snowflake is a crystal made of frozen water.

1. What are some similarities between the snowflake and the glass shell of the radiolarian?

2. What are some differences between the snowflake and the glass shell?

3. Would you classify the shell as a living thing or a nonliving thing? Explain your answer.

Page 3: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE - WordPress.com · 2016-09-01 · Characteristics of Living Organisms What does it mean to BE ALIVE? 1. Made up of basic units called cells 2. Are based on

Characteristics of Living OrganismsWhat does it mean to BE ALIVE?

1. Made up of basic units called cells2. Are based on a universal genetic code3. Obtain and use materials and energy4. Grow and develop5. Reproduce6. Respond to their environment7. Maintain a stable internal environment8. Change over time

Page 4: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE - WordPress.com · 2016-09-01 · Characteristics of Living Organisms What does it mean to BE ALIVE? 1. Made up of basic units called cells 2. Are based on

Biology is the study of life. But what is life?

•No single characteristic is enough to describe a living thing. ALL 8 MUST BE PRESENT!

•Some nonliving things share one or more traits with organisms.

•EXCEPTION! – Viruses ‐ exist at the border between organisms and nonliving things

Page 5: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE - WordPress.com · 2016-09-01 · Characteristics of Living Organisms What does it mean to BE ALIVE? 1. Made up of basic units called cells 2. Are based on

1. Living organisms are made up of one or more cells—the smallest units considered fully alive.

• Cells can grow, respond to their surroundings, and reproduce.

• Cells  complex/ highly organized.

• For example, a single branch of a tree contains millions of cells.

Page 6: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE - WordPress.com · 2016-09-01 · Characteristics of Living Organisms What does it mean to BE ALIVE? 1. Made up of basic units called cells 2. Are based on

2. Living organisms are based on a universal genetic code.

• All organisms store the complex information they need to live, grow, and reproduce in a genetic code written in a molecule called DNA.

• That information is copied and passed from parent to offspring and is almost identical in every organism on Earth.

Page 7: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE - WordPress.com · 2016-09-01 · Characteristics of Living Organisms What does it mean to BE ALIVE? 1. Made up of basic units called cells 2. Are based on

3. Living things obtain and use material and energy to grow, develop, and reproduce.

• The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials is called metabolism.

• For example, leaves obtain energy from the sun and gases from the air. These materials then take part in various metabolic reactions within the leaves.

Page 8: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE - WordPress.com · 2016-09-01 · Characteristics of Living Organisms What does it mean to BE ALIVE? 1. Made up of basic units called cells 2. Are based on

4. Living organisms grow and develop.•During development, a single fertilized egg divides again and again.

•As these cells divide, they differentiate, which means they begin to look different from one another and to perform different functions.

Page 9: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE - WordPress.com · 2016-09-01 · Characteristics of Living Organisms What does it mean to BE ALIVE? 1. Made up of basic units called cells 2. Are based on

5. Living organisms reproduce, which means that they produce new similar organisms.

•Most plants and animals engage in sexual reproduction, in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism.

• Other organisms reproduce through asexual reproduction, in which a single organism produces offspring identical to itself.

Page 10: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE - WordPress.com · 2016-09-01 · Characteristics of Living Organisms What does it mean to BE ALIVE? 1. Made up of basic units called cells 2. Are based on

6. Living organisms respond to their environment.

• A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds.

• For example, some plants can produce unsavory chemicals to ward off caterpillars that feed on their leaves.

Page 11: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE - WordPress.com · 2016-09-01 · Characteristics of Living Organisms What does it mean to BE ALIVE? 1. Made up of basic units called cells 2. Are based on

7. Living organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment, even when external conditions change dramatically.

• All living organisms expend energy to keep conditions inside their cells within certain limits.

• This condition process is called homeostasis.

• For example, specialized cells help leaves regulate gases that enter and leave the plant.

Page 12: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE - WordPress.com · 2016-09-01 · Characteristics of Living Organisms What does it mean to BE ALIVE? 1. Made up of basic units called cells 2. Are based on

8. Over generations, groups of organisms evolve, or change over time.

• Evolutionary change links all forms of life to a common origin more than 3.5 bya.

• Evidence of this shared history is found in all aspects of living and fossil organisms, from physical features to structures of proteins to sequences of information in DNA.

• For example, signs of one of the first land plants, Cooksonia, are preserved in rock over 400 million years old.