All things considered to be alive All things considered to be alive have what characteristics in have what characteristics in

common?common? Make a list of reasons why you think the Make a list of reasons why you think the

following organisms are considered “alive”.following organisms are considered “alive”. Group that comes the closest wins… Group that comes the closest wins…

8 characteristics of living 8 characteristics of living thingsthings

- Have cells and DNAHave cells and DNA

- ReproduceReproduce

- Grow and DevelopGrow and Develop

- Use energyUse energy

- Have a need for materials and energyHave a need for materials and energy

- Respond to environmentRespond to environment

- Maintain internal balanceMaintain internal balance

- Evolve over time as a speciesEvolve over time as a species

1. Have cells and DNA1. Have cells and DNA

UnicellularUnicellular Multi-cellularMulti-cellular

1. HAVE CELLS AND DNA1. HAVE CELLS AND DNA

Multi-cellular:Multi-cellular: cells differentiate from a cells differentiate from a single fertilized egg cell, and they just single fertilized egg cell, and they just “know” to become a heart, leg etc.“know” to become a heart, leg etc.

Uni-cellular :Uni-cellular : one celled organism one celled organism (amoeba or bacteria) (amoeba or bacteria)

Both above have DNA ( the genetic code: Both above have DNA ( the genetic code: which is why we look like our parents)which is why we look like our parents)

Multi-cellular start off a single cell…Multi-cellular start off a single cell…

2. All living things reproduce2. All living things reproduce

There are 2 ways in which this can be There are 2 ways in which this can be done…done…

Types of reproductionTypes of reproduction

2. All living things Reproduce2. All living things Reproduce

There are 2 types of reproduction:There are 2 types of reproduction: Asexual : 1 parent (budding) - identicalAsexual : 1 parent (budding) - identical

bacteriabacteria

Sexual: 2 parentsSexual: 2 parents catscats peoplepeople

3. Living things grow and develop3. Living things grow and develop

What is the difference between the 2 What is the difference between the 2 words?words?

Growth and DevelopmentGrowth and Development

Bacteria-Bacteria- grow, they just increase in size grow, they just increase in size People People – develop … they increase in size – develop … they increase in size

and their bodily functions change over and their bodily functions change over time….until they become an adulttime….until they become an adult

ex) puberty…ex) puberty…

4. Living things 4. Living things use energyuse energy to …… to ……grow/develop/reproducegrow/develop/reproduce

Living things use energy to Living things use energy to grow/develop/reproduce… or just stay alive grow/develop/reproduce… or just stay alive

Where do we get energy from? Where do we get energy from? Metabolism:Metabolism: combination of chemical combination of chemical

reactions through which an organism reactions through which an organism builds up and breaks down materials (will builds up and breaks down materials (will release energy) as it carries out life release energy) as it carries out life processesprocesses Fast metabolism- break down Fast metabolism- break down Slow metabolism – store for laterSlow metabolism – store for later

Where are they getting energy Where are they getting energy from?from?

How obtain energy?How obtain energy?

PlantsPlants: From the sun’s energy : From the sun’s energy “photosynthesis”“photosynthesis”

Lion:Lion: From eating other organisms From eating other organisms “herbivore, carnivore”“herbivore, carnivore”

Mushroom:Mushroom: From the remains of dead From the remains of dead organisms (decomposers) organisms (decomposers)

6. Living things respond to stimuli6. Living things respond to stimuli

http://www.fotosearch.com/video-footaghttp://www.fotosearch.com/video-footage/time-lapse-flower_2.htmle/time-lapse-flower_2.html

6. Respond to stimulus6. Respond to stimulus

Stimulus-Stimulus- signal to which an organism signal to which an organism responds responds Response-Response- (what they do because of the (what they do because of the

signal)signal)

InternaInternal stimulus- ex.) sugar levels drop? l stimulus- ex.) sugar levels drop? …then you feel hungry…then you feel hungry

External:External: ex.) flower leans toward the ex.) flower leans toward the window in a classroomwindow in a classroom

Practice Stimulus and ResponsePractice Stimulus and Response

My niece kicked me in the shin and I My niece kicked me in the shin and I screamedscreamed

I slammed the door and the class jumpedI slammed the door and the class jumped I turned the light on and the mouse ran I turned the light on and the mouse ran

under the tableunder the table I placed my hand on the hot stove and I I placed my hand on the hot stove and I

yanked it back and yelpedyanked it back and yelped

7. Maintain internal balance7. Maintain internal balance

7. Maintain internal balance7. Maintain internal balance

External: conditions may vary widely conditions may vary widely But internal…. Should be kept constant.. …. Should be kept constant..

This is This is homeostasis homeostasis Ex) temperature 98.6 F, water content, etc Ex) temperature 98.6 F, water content, etc Ex of how it happens? Ex of how it happens?

Shivering/sweating Shivering/sweating Thirst/feeling of fullnessThirst/feeling of fullness

Evolve over time …Evolve over time …

8. Evolve over time :Evolution 8. Evolve over time :Evolution

100,000’s of millions of years…changes 100,000’s of millions of years…changes can be dramatic can be dramatic within a specieswithin a species……

ex) pre-historic horse was the size of a ex) pre-historic horse was the size of a Barbie doll horseBarbie doll horse