chapter thirteen money, money, money cha-ching $$$$$

Chapter Thirteen

MONEY, MONEY, MONEY

Cha-Ching

$$$$$

2

Introduction

Questions concerning who controls education and who finances it are vital issues that influence the future of education and the role of teachers.

Teaching Today, 8eArmstrong, Henson and Savage

Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.All Rights Reserved

3

Focus Questions

What is the relationship between the responsibilities of local school districts, the state, and the federal government?

Which state models of education are influenced by politics?

How is a typical school district organized?



4

Focus Questions (continued)

How do professional educational associations influence educational policy?

How does the source of revenue influence educational policy?

What is the relationship between equity and adequacy models for funding education?



5

Focus Questions (continued)

When does increased control over education result in negative/positive consequences?

How do shifts from local sources of revenue to state sources impact educational policy?

How do current teacher compensation plans compare with proposed pay for performance plans?



6

The Structure of Education Control

The 10th Amendment to the Constitution reserves those powers not delegated to the federal government to the states.

Because education is not specifically mentioned in the Constitution, governance of education has been delegated to the states.



7

The Structure of Educational Control

All educational activities within the state are subject to the control of the state.



8


The state enacts legislation binding on all schools, determines financing formulas for the schools, determines criteria for granting and revoking teacher and administrator credentials, establishes curriculum frameworks and content standards, accredits schools, and may determine the textbooks to be used in the schools.



9


State Organization and Influence– State Legislature and Governor– Chief State School Officer– State Board of Education– State Department of Education



10


State Governance Models– There are several governance models used by states.– In 25 states the governor appoints all state board

members and some members in 14 states.– In 24 states the chief state school officer is appointed

by the state school board; the governor appoints them in 12 states; in 14 states they are elected.



11


The Local School District.– The local school districts operate schools, hire

teachers, purchase supplies, run buses, build and maintain buildings, and perform all tasks related to keeping the school running.



12


The Structure of Local School Districts– School Board– Superintendent– Central Office Staff– School Administration– Teachers and School Staff



13

Other Influences on Educational Policy

Professional Education Associations– National Education Association (NEA)– American Federation of Teachers (AFT)

Business Leaders



14

Financing Education

The costs of education and how money should be allocated is the subject of much intense debate.



15

Financing Education (continued)

Conservatives argue that schools do not need more money and the solution is more efficient use of money allocated to education.

Liberals argue that the per capita funding of education in the U.S. is considerably lower than that of most highly industrialized nations.



16


In order to understand the debate the following questions must be answered– How much does education cost?– Who pays for education?– How are the funds allocated?




FEFP– Florida Education Finance Plan– http://www.fldoe.org/board/meetings/2011_08_23/

att2.pdf

18


Issues in School Finance– Equity vs. Adequacy– Is money available to provide additional funds?– Teacher Compensation



19

Summary

Those who control education can control the political, social, and economic course of society.

The Spending Clause in the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution enables the federal government to increase influence on educational policy.



20

Summary (continued)

Local school districts have responsibility for the daily operation of the schools.

In recent years the federal government has expanded its influence through legislation such as the “Individuals with Disabilities Education Act” and “No Child Left Behind.”



21

Summary (continued)

Professional teacher associations influence educational policy through their lobbying activities as the federal and state levels.

Business and industry have a prominent role in calling for educational reform.

There has been a recent trend away from local control of education toward more centralized control.



22

Summary (continued)

In some states the practice of financing education through property tax has been challenged and funding sources changed.

The biggest educational cost is for instruction and instruction-related programs.

Some districts base funding allocations of “average daily attendance.”



23

Summary (continued)

Adequacy models address the question of how much it will cost to achieve the levels of achievement defined by the state.

Teacher compensation plans are normally based on a single salary schedule where all teachers receive the same amount of compensation; recent calls have been for merit or performance pay systems.



24

Reflection

If the state has the legal authority for the school, should the state be held accountable for the failure of the school district?



25

Reflection (continued)

Is the governance model an effective model? What are the advantages and disadvantages?



26

Reflection (continued)

How does school “culture” impact teachers in the school?



chapter thirteen money, money, money cha-ching $$$$$

Documents

pearson education

state models of education

governance of education

funding education

education result

future of education

teaching today

state school board