chapter ten high middle ages: the search for synthesis ______________________________ culture and...
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Chapter Ten
High Middle Ages:The Search for Synthesis
Chapter Ten
High Middle Ages:The Search for Synthesis
______________________________
Culture and Values, 6th Ed.
Cunningham and Reich
______________________________
Culture and Values, 6th Ed.
Cunningham and Reich
The Significance of ParisThe Significance of ParisThe Significance of ParisThe Significance of ParisCenter of Western civilization Center of Western civilization (1150-1300)(1150-1300)
Gothic architectureGothic architectureScholasticismScholasticismThe UniversityThe University
Distinct cultural expressionDistinct cultural expressionClassical textsClassical textsJudeo-Christian worldviewJudeo-Christian worldviewReligious reformsReligious reforms
Center of Western civilization Center of Western civilization (1150-1300)(1150-1300)Gothic architectureGothic architectureScholasticismScholasticismThe UniversityThe University
Distinct cultural expressionDistinct cultural expressionClassical textsClassical textsJudeo-Christian worldviewJudeo-Christian worldviewReligious reformsReligious reforms
The Gothic Style: Saint DenisThe Gothic Style: Saint DenisAbbot Suger (1080-1151)Saint Denis and CharlemagnePilgrimage destination
Lendit
Hagia Sophia, Temple of SolomonChoir, double ambulatoryDefining GothicGothic vs. Romanesque
Abbot Suger (1080-1151)Saint Denis and CharlemagnePilgrimage destination
Lendit
Hagia Sophia, Temple of SolomonChoir, double ambulatoryDefining GothicGothic vs. Romanesque
The Mysticism of LightThe Mysticism of LightLuminous quality of the GothicSuger’s “theology of beauty”
Neo-Platonic philosophy, purity of light
Stained glass windowsLux Nova…vs. Byzantine mosaics“Bible of the Poor”
Luminous quality of the GothicSuger’s “theology of beauty”
Neo-Platonic philosophy, purity of light
Stained glass windowsLux Nova…vs. Byzantine mosaics“Bible of the Poor”
To Teach and EdifyTo Teach and Edify
Learning, wisdom, and GodCollaboration of builders, theologians
History of salvation in decorationGargoyles
Learning, wisdom, and GodCollaboration of builders, theologians
History of salvation in decorationGargoyles
Many Meanings of the Gothic CathedralMany Meanings of the Gothic Cathedral
Social functions“Cathedral Square”Church courts / civil courtsHorarium
Economic impactPilgrimages, trade fairs, feast daysPrestigious donations by guilds
Social functions“Cathedral Square”Church courts / civil courtsHorarium
Economic impactPilgrimages, trade fairs, feast daysPrestigious donations by guilds
Many Meanings of the Gothic CathedralMany Meanings of the Gothic Cathedral
Motivation to buildActual design and construction
Villard de Honnecourt’s notebook
Combination of human knowledge and religious faith
Pilgrim as central metaphor
Motivation to buildActual design and construction
Villard de Honnecourt’s notebook
Combination of human knowledge and religious faith
Pilgrim as central metaphor
Music: The School of Notre DameMusic: The School of Notre DameMusical notation
Guido di Arezzo
Polyphony of organumSecular music
Troubadours, trouvères, minnesingers
Léonin’s Magnus Liber OrganiPérotin and counterpointThe Motet
Musical notationGuido di Arezzo
Polyphony of organumSecular music
Troubadours, trouvères, minnesingers
Léonin’s Magnus Liber OrganiPérotin and counterpointThe Motet
Scholasticism:
The Rise of the UniversitiesScholasticism:
The Rise of the UniversitiesDemand for an educated class
Support for socioeconomic structuresIntellectual and cultural needs
Ancient texts (Aristotle)Relationships with Arab scholarsRenaissance of legal studies
DialecticsPeter AbelardScholasticism
Demand for an educated classSupport for socioeconomic structures
Intellectual and cultural needsAncient texts (Aristotle)Relationships with Arab scholarsRenaissance of legal studies
DialecticsPeter AbelardScholasticism
Scholasticism:
The Rise of the UniversitiesScholasticism:
The Rise of the UniversitiesUniversity of Paris
William of Champeaux (1070-1121)Peter Abelard (1079-1142)
UniversitasMagistri / doctors
Art vs. TheologyStudent financial assistanceCurriculum and instruction
University of ParisWilliam of Champeaux (1070-1121)Peter Abelard (1079-1142)
UniversitasMagistri / doctors
Art vs. TheologyStudent financial assistanceCurriculum and instruction
Scholasticism:
The Rise of the UniversitiesScholasticism:
The Rise of the UniversitiesStudent culture and lifestylesSaint Golias
Goliardic VerseCarmina Burana
Women not admitted to universitiesEducated by private tutors or in conventsFew exceptions to the rule (Italy,
Germany)
Student culture and lifestylesSaint Golias
Goliardic VerseCarmina Burana
Women not admitted to universitiesEducated by private tutors or in conventsFew exceptions to the rule (Italy,
Germany)
Francis of AssisiFrancis of AssisiMendicant brotherhood
Life of total poverty, mobility
Humanity of ChristLiteral interpretation of the GospelsStigmata
Goodness of God’s creationConcern for all creatures
Affective and emotional religion
Mendicant brotherhoodLife of total poverty, mobility
Humanity of ChristLiteral interpretation of the GospelsStigmata
Goodness of God’s creationConcern for all creatures
Affective and emotional religion
Thomas Aquinas (1225?-1274)Thomas Aquinas (1225?-1274)
Intellectual and mystic“Master of the Sacred Page”
Sought to harmonize reason and revelationFideism vs. Rationalism
Summa Theologica Intellectual tradition of Aristotle
Hierarchical, synthetic worldview
Intellectual and mystic“Master of the Sacred Page”
Sought to harmonize reason and revelationFideism vs. Rationalism
Summa Theologica Intellectual tradition of Aristotle
Hierarchical, synthetic worldview
Dante’s Divine ComedyDante’s Divine ComedyInfluenced by intellectualism from Paris
Hierarchical, synthetic religious humanism
Wide array of publicationsThe Comedy of Dante Alighieri…
Inferno, Purgatorio, ParadisoOrganizationTerza RimaEncyclopedic and complex
Influenced by intellectualism from ParisHierarchical, synthetic religious humanism
Wide array of publicationsThe Comedy of Dante Alighieri…
Inferno, Purgatorio, ParadisoOrganizationTerza RimaEncyclopedic and complex
Symbolism in The Divine ComedySymbolism in The Divine ComedyJourney
Vergil, Beatrice
NumbersMultiples of three, Trinity
Punishments and BlessingsSatanLight and Darkness
Intellectual estrangement from God
Journey Vergil, Beatrice
NumbersMultiples of three, Trinity
Punishments and BlessingsSatanLight and Darkness
Intellectual estrangement from God
Chapter Ten: Discussion QuestionsChapter Ten: Discussion Questions Consider the pilgrimage both as a metaphorical and
literal journey. What role did the pilgrimage play during the Middle Ages?
What specific qualities are present in Gothic architecture that are not present in the Romanesque? What is the symbolic message inherent in each architectural style?
Explain the “hierarchical and synthetic” natures of the Gothic cathedral, Aquinas’ Summa Theologica, and Dante’s Divine Comedy. In what ways are they hierarchical? What is being synthesized in these artistic and intellectual examples? In what ways is this a commentary on the patterns of thought during the Middle Ages?
Consider the pilgrimage both as a metaphorical and literal journey. What role did the pilgrimage play during the Middle Ages?
What specific qualities are present in Gothic architecture that are not present in the Romanesque? What is the symbolic message inherent in each architectural style?
Explain the “hierarchical and synthetic” natures of the Gothic cathedral, Aquinas’ Summa Theologica, and Dante’s Divine Comedy. In what ways are they hierarchical? What is being synthesized in these artistic and intellectual examples? In what ways is this a commentary on the patterns of thought during the Middle Ages?