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Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich

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Page 1: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Chapter Fourteen:

The Renaissance in the The Renaissance in the NorthNorth

Chapter Fourteen:

The Renaissance in the The Renaissance in the NorthNorth

Culture and Values, 6th Ed.Cunningham and Reich

Culture and Values, 6th Ed.Cunningham and Reich

Page 2: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Northern Europe in the 16th Century

Northern Europe in the 16th Century

Synthesis of new ideas from ItalyAlternatives to traditional religious

doctrineEnthusiasm for classical antiquityEmphasis on individualism

Culture and PoliticsFrancis I, The Hapsburgs, The TudorsScientific, religious revolutionary

movements

Synthesis of new ideas from ItalyAlternatives to traditional religious

doctrineEnthusiasm for classical antiquityEmphasis on individualism

Culture and PoliticsFrancis I, The Hapsburgs, The TudorsScientific, religious revolutionary

movements

Page 3: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th
Page 4: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th
Page 5: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th
Page 6: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

The ReformationThe Reformation

Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five ThesesIndulgences

Luther’s reformsAnabaptists (Peasants’ War 1525)Swiss Protestants, Calvinists,

AnglicansDissolution of Catholic Christendom

Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five ThesesIndulgences

Luther’s reformsAnabaptists (Peasants’ War 1525)Swiss Protestants, Calvinists,

AnglicansDissolution of Catholic Christendom

Page 7: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th
Page 8: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Causes of the ReformationCauses of the Reformation

Economic and nationalistic self-interestsUnfair political and economic papal

demandsMaturation of reformation ideals

Desire for more personal, interior pietyMoral and intellectual depravity of

clergyWealth of monastic and episcopal lords

Economic and nationalistic self-interestsUnfair political and economic papal

demandsMaturation of reformation ideals

Desire for more personal, interior pietyMoral and intellectual depravity of

clergyWealth of monastic and episcopal lords

Page 9: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Renaissance Humanism and the Reformation:

Humanists and Reformers

Renaissance Humanism and the Reformation:

Humanists and ReformersSimilarities

Religious aversions

Favored early Christian writers over medieval scholastics

Mastery of Biblical languages

SimilaritiesReligious

aversionsFavored early

Christian writers over medieval scholastics

Mastery of Biblical languages

DifferencesNature of

humanityEducation vs. Grace

Universal truth found through exploration of religious texts vs. Scriptura sola

DifferencesNature of

humanityEducation vs. Grace

Universal truth found through exploration of religious texts vs. Scriptura sola

Page 10: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Renaissance Humanism and the Reformation

Renaissance Humanism and the Reformation

Emphasis on reading ScripturesLay education“Universal Priesthood”

Humanism as intellectual instrumentToo optimistic and ecumenical

Emphasis on reading ScripturesLay education“Universal Priesthood”

Humanism as intellectual instrumentToo optimistic and ecumenical

Page 11: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Cultural Significance of the Reformation

Cultural Significance of the Reformation

Spread of literacyDiffusion of literatureProliferation of vernacular texts

Focus on the WordAural vs. visualHymnsSimplistic decorationSecular art

Spread of literacyDiffusion of literatureProliferation of vernacular texts

Focus on the WordAural vs. visualHymnsSimplistic decorationSecular art

Page 12: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th
Page 13: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Intellectual DevelopmentsIntellectual Developments

Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (1533-93)First essayistViolence and religious bigotry

New Renaissance ScientistsRejection of traditional methods,

practices, assumptions

Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (1533-93)First essayistViolence and religious bigotry

New Renaissance ScientistsRejection of traditional methods,

practices, assumptions

Page 14: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

The Visual Arts in Northern Europe

The Visual Arts in Northern Europe

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)

Italian, humanist influencesLinear perspectivePerception of the artist (Self-Portrait, 1500)Classical ideals of beauty, proportionQuest for knowledge, scientific precision

Woodcuts, engravingPainting (Venetian influences)

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)

Italian, humanist influencesLinear perspectivePerception of the artist (Self-Portrait, 1500)Classical ideals of beauty, proportionQuest for knowledge, scientific precision

Woodcuts, engravingPainting (Venetian influences)

Page 15: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th
Page 16: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

The Visual Arts in Northern Europe

The Visual Arts in Northern Europe

Matthias Grünewald (c. 1470-1528)Rejected Renaissance innovations

Traditional religious themesIsenheim Altarpiece, Crucifixion (1515)

Political, religious sympathiesTortured imagesLack of perspective, proportion

Matthias Grünewald (c. 1470-1528)Rejected Renaissance innovations

Traditional religious themesIsenheim Altarpiece, Crucifixion (1515)

Political, religious sympathiesTortured imagesLack of perspective, proportion

Page 17: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th
Page 18: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

The Visual Arts in Northern Europe

The Visual Arts in Northern Europe

Albrecht Altdorfer (1480-1538)

Personal worldview through landscapeDanube Landscape (1522-1525)No human figures

Contemplation on beauties of natureSympathy with natural forcesLight, scale, vitality

Albrecht Altdorfer (1480-1538)

Personal worldview through landscapeDanube Landscape (1522-1525)No human figures

Contemplation on beauties of natureSympathy with natural forcesLight, scale, vitality

Page 19: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Painting in the Netherlands

Painting in the Netherlands

Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450-1516)Pessimistic view of human nature

Human follyInevitable punishment for sin

Garden of Earthly Delights (1505-1510)Pleasures of the body lead to damnationPrivate and complex symbolism

Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450-1516)Pessimistic view of human nature

Human follyInevitable punishment for sin

Garden of Earthly Delights (1505-1510)Pleasures of the body lead to damnationPrivate and complex symbolism

Page 20: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th
Page 21: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th
Page 22: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Painting in the Netherlands

Painting in the Netherlands

Pieter Bruegel, the Elder (1525-1569)Futility of human existence

Pervasiveness of sinOrder, purpose in natural cycles

Triumph of Death (1562-1564)Hunters in the Snow (1565)

Scenes from peasant life

Pieter Bruegel, the Elder (1525-1569)Futility of human existence

Pervasiveness of sinOrder, purpose in natural cycles

Triumph of Death (1562-1564)Hunters in the Snow (1565)

Scenes from peasant life

Page 23: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th
Page 24: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th
Page 25: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Art and Architecture in France

Art and Architecture in France

Jean Clouet (c. 1485-1541)Francis I (c. 1525-153)

French Gothic + Italian RenaissanceChâteau de Chambord

Emphasis on decorationSquare Court of the Louvre

Jean Clouet (c. 1485-1541)Francis I (c. 1525-153)

French Gothic + Italian RenaissanceChâteau de Chambord

Emphasis on decorationSquare Court of the Louvre

Page 26: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th
Page 27: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Art in Elizabethan EnglandArt in Elizabethan England

16th-century stability, prosperityRelations with Netherlands, SpainInsularity, nationalism

Hans Holbein, the Younger (1497/8-1543)

Nicholas Hilliard (1547-1619)

16th-century stability, prosperityRelations with Netherlands, SpainInsularity, nationalism

Hans Holbein, the Younger (1497/8-1543)

Nicholas Hilliard (1547-1619)

Page 28: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th
Page 29: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th
Page 30: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th
Page 31: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Music of the Northern Renaissance

Music of the Northern Renaissance

Complexity of style, polyphonyMotets, madrigalsInstrumental accompanimentsFrench chansons, lyrical narrativesGerman and Flemish songs

Romantic, military, politicalIsaac, Sendl

Complexity of style, polyphonyMotets, madrigalsInstrumental accompanimentsFrench chansons, lyrical narrativesGerman and Flemish songs

Romantic, military, politicalIsaac, Sendl

Page 32: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Music of the Northern Renaissance:

Elizabethan Music

Music of the Northern Renaissance:

Elizabethan MusicLegacy of John Dunstable (c. 1385-

1453)Italian secular musicEnglish Litany (1544)

Simplified Gregorian ChantThe Boke of Common Praier Noted (1549)

Catholic music traditionsBlocks of chords, counterpoint

Legacy of John Dunstable (c. 1385-1453)

Italian secular musicEnglish Litany (1544)

Simplified Gregorian ChantThe Boke of Common Praier Noted (1549)

Catholic music traditionsBlocks of chords, counterpoint

Page 33: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Music of the Northern Renaissance:

Elizabethan Music

Music of the Northern Renaissance:

Elizabethan MusicEnglish anthemsThomas Tallis (c. 1505-1585)

Protestant compositions, Catholic massesMaster of counterpoint

William Byrd (c. 1543-1623)Protestant compositions, Catholic massesVirginal instrumentation, madrigals

English anthemsThomas Tallis (c. 1505-1585)

Protestant compositions, Catholic massesMaster of counterpoint

William Byrd (c. 1543-1623)Protestant compositions, Catholic massesVirginal instrumentation, madrigals

Page 34: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Music of the Northern Renaissance:

Elizabethan Music

Music of the Northern Renaissance:

Elizabethan MusicEnglish madrigals

Expression of emotional extremesThomas Morley (1557-1602)Thomas Weelkes (c. 1575-1623)

John Dowland’s ayres (1562-1626)Simple songs, lute accompanimentObsessively depressed and woeful

English madrigalsExpression of emotional extremesThomas Morley (1557-1602)Thomas Weelkes (c. 1575-1623)

John Dowland’s ayres (1562-1626)Simple songs, lute accompanimentObsessively depressed and woeful

Page 35: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

English LiteratureEnglish Literature

Humanism in EnglandCaxton’s printing pressIncreased literacy

Classical, Italian modelsThomas More (1478-1535)Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1586)Edmund Spencer (1552-1599)

Humanism in EnglandCaxton’s printing pressIncreased literacy

Classical, Italian modelsThomas More (1478-1535)Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1586)Edmund Spencer (1552-1599)

Page 36: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

English LiteratureEnglish Literature

English DramaInspired by Classical modelsIncreasing prosperity and leisureTraveling actors, noble patronsPermanent theater buildings

Intellectual content, “common touch” Nobility groundlings

English DramaInspired by Classical modelsIncreasing prosperity and leisureTraveling actors, noble patronsPermanent theater buildings

Intellectual content, “common touch” Nobility groundlings

Page 37: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

English LiteratureEnglish Literature

Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593)Blank verseHumanity defeated by destiny

William Shakespeare (1564-1616)Classical models, complicated plotsSoliloquy, psychological motivationGreat problems of human existence

Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593)Blank verseHumanity defeated by destiny

William Shakespeare (1564-1616)Classical models, complicated plotsSoliloquy, psychological motivationGreat problems of human existence

Page 38: The Renaissance in the North Chapter Fourteen: The Renaissance in the North Culture and Values, 6 th Ed. Cunningham and Reich Culture and Values, 6 th

Chapter Fourteen: Discussion Questions

Chapter Fourteen: Discussion Questions

What is the relationship between Luther’s religious reformation movement and the socio-economic revolts in Germany? Why were Luther’s principles so well received by the lower classes? Explain.

To what extent did Humanism serve to further Luther’s reforms? At what point was Humanism no longer useful for the Protestant movement?

Why was there so little visual art created in England during the sixteenth century? In what ways does Nicholas Hilliard’s Ermine Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I serve to foster the spirit of national pride evident in England during that time? Explain.

In what ways is the “emphasis on individualism” evident in the arts of the Northern Renaissance? Explain, citing specific examples.

What is the relationship between Luther’s religious reformation movement and the socio-economic revolts in Germany? Why were Luther’s principles so well received by the lower classes? Explain.

To what extent did Humanism serve to further Luther’s reforms? At what point was Humanism no longer useful for the Protestant movement?

Why was there so little visual art created in England during the sixteenth century? In what ways does Nicholas Hilliard’s Ermine Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I serve to foster the spirit of national pride evident in England during that time? Explain.

In what ways is the “emphasis on individualism” evident in the arts of the Northern Renaissance? Explain, citing specific examples.


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