Chapter One

History of Psychology

Socrates “Know thy

self”

Introspection

Aristotle “Peri Psyches”-

about the mind

People are

motivated to seek

pleasure, not pain.

Personality,

sensation,

perception, thought,

intelligence,

needs/motives,

feelings/emotions

Hypocrites Confusion and

madness were

caused by

abnormalities in

the brain

(biological)

Middle Ages Time period

when people believed that mental disorders were signs of being possessed by demons.

476 AD to 1450 AD

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Wilhlem Wundt

Structuralism

Objective

Sensations

Subjective

Feelings

Structuralists

Believe that the

human mind

functions by

combining the

basic elements

of experience.

William James Functionalism

Mental processes help

organisms adapt to

their environment

Behavior patterns are

learned and

maintained because

they are successful

John B. Watson Behaviorism

Psychology was the

scientific study of

observable behavior

Limited to

observable,

measurable, events.

B.F. Skinner Behaviorist

People learn the same

way animals do. By

reinforcement

(rewards)

Added Reinforcement

to the idea of

behaviorist thought

Skinner Box

Gestalt Psychology

Gestalt- means shape or form

Emphasizes the tendency to

recognize perceptions into

meaningful wholes

Such as the following

examples:

Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis

Consultation with

the patients

Unconscious

possesses

controlled the

behavioral

experience and

feelings

Sexual Urges

Aggressive Urges