chapter one the first humans: prehistory-3500 bc...chapter one the first humans: prehistory-3500 bc...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter OneThe First Humans: Prehistory-3500 BC
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Early Humans
• Early people had no writing skills
• What we know comes from artifacts found by archaeologists and interpreted by anthropologists
• Artifacts are dated through carbon-dating process
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Man’s Predecessors
• Louis and Mary Leakey find remains in Olduvai Gorge in East Africa
• “Lucy” found in Ethiopia
– 3.5 million years old
– Australopithecus
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Homo habilis
• “Handy human”
• May have used stone tools
• 2.5-1.6 million years ago
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Homo erectus
• Arms and legs in more modern human proportion
• Remains found in Asia
• Probably first hominids to leave Africa
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Two Kinds of Homo sapiens
• “Wise human”
• Neanderthals—found in German valley
• Homo sapiens sapiens
– Anatomy similar to people today
– Appeared in Africa 150,000 to 200,000 years ago
– Spread to other parts of world 10,000 years ago (“out of Africa” theory)
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Paleolithic Age
• 2,500,000 BC to 10,000 BC• “Old Stone Age”• Food hunters and
gatherers—nomads• Women stayed closer to
camp to care for children, picked berries
• Men roamed to hunt game• Sheltered in caves• Discovered how to use fire• Survived the Ice Age from
100,000 BC to 8000 BC• Did cave art
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Neolithic Revolution, 8000-4000 BC
• “New Stone Age”
• Farming and domestication of animals begins to grow
• Starts first in the area we call the Middle East
• Nomadic life is forced to the fringes of “civilization”
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Agriculture Allows People to Build Towns and Cities
• Towns begin along rivers
• Wheat, barley, rice, millet
• Domesticated animals include pigs, cows, sheep, and goats
• Tigris-Euphrates culture spreads to Nile valleyhttp://www.bing.com/images/search?q=ancient+middle+east
+farming&view=detail&id=CC12BE82F6ADE1B6CB5225BE1B559F0C0FEA6631&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR
Village Life Leads to Job Specialization
• Surplus food stored, traded
• Artisans started to make goods for trade
• Tools improved, made of copper first and then iron
• Men became the farmers, women took care of the children and ran the household
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Six Factors of Civilization
• Cities
• Government
• Religion
• Social Structure
• Writing
• Arthttp://www.bing.com/images/search?q=ancient+civilizations&view=detail&id=36D1165B8A4BE71D9F35EE3192C4C6385CC58F2B&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR