Chapter OneNew World Beginnings

AP U.S. History

The Shaping of North America

• Ice Age• Land Bridge – 40,000 yrs ago!!• Western Hemisphere – 1500 – 50 – 70 million

Earliest Americans

• Respect for environment• Trade important• Family – kinships/clans• Oral History• Strong religion/belief in spirits

European Motives for Exploration in the Age of Discovery

• Emerging nation-states sought power; competed against rivals

• New technology enabled Europeans to dominate • Economics - Need for new markets esp. from the

East (e.g., spices)• Desire to Christianize new peoples• Renaissance (starting late 14th c. lasting well into

16th c.)• Atmosphere of rebirth, optimism, exploration

Indirect Discoverers of the World

• Crusades– Spices, silks, etc

• Looking for routes

Europeans Enter Africa• Marco Polo• African winds – problems?• Portuguese – caravel – to help find an all-water route to Asia• African Coast – trading posts• Slavery– Before Portugal – could move out of slavery– After Portugal – becomes intercontinental business, no

moving out! – 12 million

Columbus Comes Upon a New World

• Why? Wealth, glory Christianity• Backed by Spain – competition with Portugal• Renaissance• Page 14 ***** Changed 4 continents – KNOW!!!!!

When World’s Collide

• Columbian Exchange – Chart page 15 ***** KNOW!!!• Sugar Cane• Negatives

The Spanish Conquistadors

• Encomiendas• Balboa – Pacific Ocean• Magellan – circumnavigate • Ponce de Leon - Florida• De Soto - Southeast• Pizarro – Inca’s• Cortes – pages 20 – 21 – big religious differences

The Spread of Spanish America

• Cabot• Cartier• Spain encouraged settlement in 3 areas:– Southeast Coast – protest fleets of gold/silver – St. Augustine, FL– Southwest – mining– West Coast – est trade routes across Pacific, set up missions

Questions

• What role did disease and forced labor (including slavery) play in the early settlement of the Americas? Were the Spanish and Portuguese “harsh” conquerors?