u.s. history review beginnings to 1880. the beginnings

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U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880

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Page 1: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

U.S. History ReviewBeginnings to 1880

Page 2: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

The Beginnings

Page 3: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

The 13 British Colonies

Page 4: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

The Revolutionary War

•http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~stephan/48states.html

Page 5: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

Slavery in America

Page 6: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

Slavery in America

Page 7: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

Slavery in America

Page 8: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

Civil War

Page 9: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

Civil War

Page 10: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

Civil War

Page 11: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

NORTH or UNION or FEDS or BLUE

VS.SOUTH or CONFEDERACY or REBS or GRAY

Page 12: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

Civil War

“In 1776 the American people had brought forth upon this continent a new nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. This nation shall now have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.”

- President Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address

Page 13: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

Civil War

Page 14: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

Reconstruction.

Page 15: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

Reconstruction

Page 16: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

Reconstruction

Page 17: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

U.S. History

Unit 1: America Expands and Progresses

1880-1925

THE BIG IDEAAmerica grew as it pushed westward, by

expanding its borders, economy, and reform movements but also conflicting

with Native Americans.

Page 18: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings
Page 19: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

I. The Movement West BeginsA. 1803 - The Louisiana Purchase

1. Lewis and Clark explore the new territory2. Native Americans are “in the way”3. 1830 - The Indian Removal Act

a) Some Indians were forced to move to “Indian Territory.”

B. Manifest Destiny 1. the belief that America’s borders should stretch from ocean to ocean

C. 1849 - The Gold Rush to California

Page 20: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings
Page 21: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings
Page 22: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

II .The Transcontinental RailroadA. Railroads Before the Civil War

1. efficient way to transport supplies/people 2. stopped at the Missouri River

B. 1862 – Transcontinental Railroad Project Begins1. Two companies would build the railroad

a) Union Pacific (UP) – building Westb) Central Pacific (CP)– building East.

2. Railroad Workers a) UP --mostly Irish immigrants b) CP -- mostly Chinese immigrants

3. 1869 – Two sides meet in Promentary Point, Utah

Page 23: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings
Page 24: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings
Page 25: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

III. Settlers Move WestA.U.S. Gov’t Encourages Expansion

1.Homestead Act of 1862a) offered 160 acres of gov’t land for $10b) after living on the land for 5 years,

the settlers could claim ownership2.By 1900, 80 million acres were bought by

settlersB. Settlers could enjoy gold, farming and ranching opportunities, and “the free, frontier life”

Page 26: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

New Settlers view of the land:

“To open the greatest number of mines and extract the greatest quantity of ore, to scatter cattle over a thousand hills, to turn the flowering prairies into wheatfields, to force from nature the most she can be made to yield . . .is preached by Western newspapers as a kind of religion.”

--James Bryce after visiting

the American West

Page 27: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

Native American view of the land:“The ground says, The Great Spirit has

placed me here to produce all that grows on me, trees and fruit. The same way the ground says, It was from me man was made. The Great Spirit, in placing men on the earth, desired them to take good care of the ground and to do each other no harm.”

--Young Chief of the Cayuse Tribe

Page 28: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

Homestake Gold Mine, Lead, SD

Page 29: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

MOUNT RUSHMORE

Page 30: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

IV. Conflict with the Native Americans (NA’s)A. 1865 -- the West swarmed with new settlers

1. New settlers felt justified in taking land

2. White ways could produce more food, wealth

B. Battles ensued

1. 1876 -- U.S. gov’t forcibly took land from the Apache, Navajo, and Cheyenne

2. Surviving NA’s were placed on reservations

C. 1887 - The Dawes Act

1. Promoted NA assimilation

2. U.S. gov’t offered citizenship to NA’s if they farm or ranch reservation land – failed

D. 1924 – Citizenship Act

1. All NA’s granted citizenship

Page 31: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

Minnesota’s Current American Indian Reservations

Page 32: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

C. Gold Discovered in Black Hills, SD

1.Black Hills Sioux were hostile to gold miners

2.Fort Laramie Treaty

a) NA’s wouldn’t harass gold miners

b)gold miners wouldn’t live in BHills

c)miners started settling in BHills anyway

Page 33: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

D. 1876 -- The Battle of Little Big Horn

1. U.S. Gov’t - upset w/ Sioux hostility to settlers

2. The Sioux of SD + Montana led by Chief Sitting Bull vs. Gen. George Custer and U.S. Army

3. Custer and all his men are killed = “Custer’s Last Stand”

4. One of very few NA victories

Page 34: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings
Page 35: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

E. 1890 -- The Massacre at Wounded Knee

1. over 200 unarmed Sioux are killed near Wounded Knee creek in SD

2. U.S. soldiers force Sioux onto BHills reservation – Pine Ridge

3. Considered to be the last of the prairie NA battles

F. 1973 – AIM “American Indian Movement” led a rally at Wounded Knee in SD

Russell Means

Page 36: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

V. Late 1800’s -- Advances in Transportation and Communication

A. Transportation

1. 1830 Streetcars

2. 1893 Automobiles – “horseless carriages”

3. 1897 Subways – Boston

4. 1903 Airplanes – Wright Bros.

B. Communication

1. 1837 Telegraph – Samuel Morse

2. 1867 Typewriter – Chris L. Sholes 1867

3. 1876 Telephone – Alexander G. Bell

C. 1847-1931 Thomas Edison

1. Electric lightbulb

2. Over 1,000 U.S. Patents

Page 37: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

VI. The Rise of Big BusinessA. Capitalism – America’s economic system

1. competition brings both success and failure2. worker motivation is high3. Social Darwinism – the belief in natural

selection “survival of the fittest”4. laissez-faire – no gov’t intervention into the

economyB. Tycoons emerge

1. John D. Rockefeller – controlled 90% of oil industry

2. Andrew Carnegie – dominated the steel industry

3. monopolies and trusts become problematic4. philanthropy–using wealth to give back to

society

Rockefeller

Carnegie

Page 38: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

VII. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

A. Women’s blouse factory in NY

1. 500+ young women employees, many immigrants

a) worked long hours- 6 days/week

2. fire erupted on 8th floor

3. many exit doors locked

4. almost 150 died

B. The impact

1. shows the dark-side of capitalism

2. became a turning point for improving working conditions

Page 39: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

THE TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST FACTORY FIRE

Page 40: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings
Page 41: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

VIII. Labor Unions Develop

A. Industrial working conditions = “Sweatshops”

1) labor made up of mostlyimmigrants and children

2) 10 hrs a day, 6 days a week

B. “Labor Unions” develop = Workers unite for improvements

1) Collective bargaining

2) Strikes, walkouts, lockouts

Page 42: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

IX. The Progressive EraA. Progressives were concerned with:

1. capitalism – too harsh, too unfaira) 1890 – 10% of pop held 75% of wealth

2. unemployment, working conditions B. Progressives believed: gov’t was the answer!

1. Gov’t must play a larger role in:a) protecting people from harsh realities

of capitalism 2. “Muckrakers” – Progressives’ name for

journalists who “raked up” abuses or problems in America

a) “The Jungle” by Upton Sinclair – “raked up” meat packing plants

b) yellow journalism – sensationalized news

Page 43: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings
Page 44: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

Excerpt from The Jungle by Upton Sinclair 

There was no heat upon the killing-floor. The men might as well have worked out of doors all winter. For that matter, there was very little heat anywhere in the building…..On the killing-floor you might easily freeze. You were apt to be covered with blood, and it would freeze solid; if you leaned against a pillar you would freeze to that, and if you put your hand upon the blade of your knife, you would run a chance of leaving your skin on it. The men would tie up their feet in newspapers and old sacks, and these would be soaked in blood and frozen, and then soaked again, and so on until by night time a man would be walking on great lumps the size of feet of an elephant. Now and then, when the bosses were not looking, you would see them plunging their feet and ankles into the steaming hot carcass of the steer, or darting across the room to the hot-water jets. The cruelest thing of all was that nearly all of them—all of those who used knives—were unable to wear gloves, and their arms would be white with frost and their hands would grow numb, and then of course there would be accidents. Also the air would be full of steam, from the hot water and the hot blood, so that you could not see five feet before you; then, with men rushing about at the speed they kept up on the killing-floor, and all with butcherknives, like razors, in their hands—well, it was to be counted as a wonder that there were not more men slaughtered than cattle. 

Page 45: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

X. Progressive Era Amendments

1. 17th A – direct election of senators

2. 18th A – Prohibition of alcohol -lasted from 1919 to 1933

3. 19th A – Women’s Suffrage 1920

“The so-called woman movement is an attempt to escape the function of a woman. It is an escape from the fact that a woman is not a man. It is a rising against nature. It is a revolt against God.”

- Dr. Cyrus Brady from a sermon given on Oct. 17, 1915

“These things that women want to do and be and have are not in any sense masculine. They do not belong to men. They never did.”

- Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Page 46: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings
Page 47: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings
Page 48: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings
Page 49: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

XI. Immigration Increases early 1900’s

A. Old Immigrants before 1880

1. from N or W Europe

2. Push-Pull Factors

3. Nativists – Americans

opposed to immigration

B. New Immigrants b/t 1880-1910

1. from S or E Europe

2. 1892 Ellis Island

a) immigration station in NY

b) 112 million immigrants passed through in 62 years

c) health checks

d) 50% of all Americans today come from an Ellis Island immigrant

Page 50: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings
Page 51: U.S. History Review Beginnings to 1880. The Beginnings

• Sweatshops

• Thomas Edison

• Social Darwinism

• Central Pacific

• 19th Amendment

• George Armstrong Custer

• Fort Laramie Treaty

• Homestead Act

• Assimilate

• Suffrage

• Laissez-faire

• AIM