chapter nine: tools for promoting good health in children
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter Nine:Chapter Nine:Tools for Promoting Tools for Promoting
Good Health in ChildrenGood Health in Children
Health PoliciesHealth Policies
For appraisals, screening, and assessment Definitions
Appraisals = regular process of evaluation
Screening = to select or evaluate through a particular process
Assessment = in-depth appraisal to determine if a particular health or development condition exists
Important for observing, recording, and evaluating health Early intervention to prevent
problems and lessen impact
Child caregiver is the primary health assessor Daily contact Communicates with parent Participant observer
Recording Health Status Recording Health Status of Childrenof Children
Observation = primary means of data collection
Record keeping management tools Precise words Type of records Child care situation
Precise Words Describe using adjectives that clearly
explain what was observed Mary has a rash. (Not precise) Mary has a red, bumpy rash on her trunk
and forearms that appears to be oozing. (Precise)
Assessing a Child’s Assessing a Child’s Health StatusHealth Status
Daily quick health check General health appraisal Screening for growth and development
norms Mental health appraisal Nutritional assessment
Daily Quick Health Check Observe for
Severe coughing, sneezing Activity level Discharge from nose, eyes, and ears Breathing difficulties Sores Look, Listen Swelling or bruising Feel, Smell Unusual spots or rashes General mood/unusual behavior Skin color
General Health AppraisalGeneral Health Appraisal
Used when warning signs of illness or health observed
Frequently recurring conditions Seek the parent’s permission to contact
health consultant Child may be referred to physician
Screening for Growth and Screening for Growth and Developmental NormsDevelopmental Norms
Weight and Height (failure to thrive) Motor development (gross and fine
motor skills) Vision Hearing Speech and language Mental health (At-risk indicators) Nutritional intake and deficiencies
Implications for CaregiversImplications for Caregivers
Observation What
Cultural differences Is child at risk? Does child have special needs? Is there recent event that may affect
behavior?
How Scientist = observe Garbage collector = sort out feelings
from data Artist = use observation to take action
and support the development and interests of child
How also includes Look, listen, feel, and smell
When Quick check = daily at beginning Ongoing Monthly, quarterly, yearly
Education Share information with parents Caregiver has base of knowledge Use health consultant Referrals as necessary
Cultural Competence Remember ESL may affect child’s
norm Check for native language
Any discussion should be sensitive Dietary patterns are different
Seek knowledge of customs
Number One environmental threat 5% of all children have levels that can cause
cognitive deficiencies African American and inner city children
most likely to be affected One in 6 children under the age of 6 years
had lead poisoning Inner cities - may be 1 of 2 children affected
Reality Check:Reality Check:Effects of Lead PoisoningEffects of Lead Poisoning
Effects Mild to severe affects to
Nervous system, brain, growth Cognitive deficits = inability to
concentrate or learn 6 times more likely to have reading
disabilities
Lead Poisoning knows no bounds 74% of houses built before 1980 have
lead based paint Paint chips and dust are culprits
Children put things in their mouths Play in dirt Window seals
Absorbed into bloodstream Caregivers should
Provide diet that is rich with iron and calcium
Use frequent hand washing Wash toys, floors, fruits, and veggies
4.1 million children under six years live in poverty
Almost 60% of single parent families with children live in poverty
Largest growing segment of homeless = families with children (1 in 3)
Reality Check:Reality Check:Poverty and ChildhoodPoverty and Childhood
Poverty Can Result inPoverty Can Result in
Poor health Decrease in blood iron levels—more dental,
and vision problems, Increase in lead levels—more frequent,
more severe and longer lasting infectious diseases, emergency medical treatment, emotional and behavioral problems, more likely exposure to drug/alcohol abuse
Lack of safety Unsafe housing, unsafe neighborhoods, lead
exposure
Poor nutrition Basic needs may not be met, inadequate
nutrition
Effects of poor nutrition School performance Relationship of poor motor/mental
development and anemia School nutrition program supplements =
positive effects