chapter iv urban land use and urban land...

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CHAPTER IV

URBAN LAND USE AND URBAN LAND USE CHANGES

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Concept of urban Landuse

4.3 Landuse in PCMC

4.4 Landuse change

4.5 Land use in 2001



4.8 Conclusion

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CHAPTER IV

URBAN LAND USE AND URBAN LAND USE CHANGES

4.1 Introduction

Urban is a dynamic place and the rapid increase of the world’s urban population

coupled with the slowing of rural population growth has led to a main redeployment of

the population over the past 30 years. Urban growth, particularly the movement of

residential and commercial land use to rural areas at the periphery of metropolitan areas.

Urban land use change is a very important phenomenon which characterizes the urban

and sub urban area surrounding the cities and suitable in general to urbanization activities

(Mohamed Ait Belaid 2003). The transformation of land into urban and suburban uses is

one of the fastest alterations of the developing country landscape today.

In this chapter satellite data is used for interpreting the land use. Two types of

satellite data are used viz., IRS P6 -LISS III (Year 2001 and 2009) and IRS 1D - PAN

(Year 2011) images. LISS III images classified using a supervised classification with

minimum distance parameters. The classified images are verified again for its accuracy.

PAN image is high spatial resolution panchromatic image.

4.2 Concept of urban Landuse

The geographical distribution of land use in urban areas is of most important

attention to the geographer urban sociologist and city planners. The theories of urban land

use have been subjects of a number of criticism, increase and modification since the

1920s. It is a simple attempt to classify urban systems into structure that we can simply

understand and give details. Though the proponents and many authors that had worked on

these theories recognized the fact that every city has unique understanding and history

and thus it is difficult to box into a unified theory or concept the changed process and

pattern of any urban area. It is however undeniable that theorizing and modeling urban

land use greatly help in simplifying complex urban systems for easy understanding,

interpretation, comprehension and therefore management. The three best known of urban

land use structure theories are the concentric zone theory, the sector theory and the multi

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nuclei theory (O. Oluseyi Fabiyi 2006).Urban growth and land use change can be used by

the public land use planners and policy makers to predictable and plan for the future.

4.3 Landuse in PCMC

The unplanned migration along with the natural growth of population led to rapid

increase in the population of Pimpri-Chinchwad in the last five decades. The chronology

of events in the development of the city of Pimpri Chinchwad is presented below.

1970: The Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Council with a status of ‘C’ class was formed on

04.03.1970 by merging four villages, namely Pimpri, Chinchwad, Bhosari and Akurdi.

1972: The Pimpri Chinchwad New Town Development Authority (PCNTDA) was

established in 1972 as per the recommendations of the Pune Metropolitan Regional

Planning Board. The main objective was to create a planned environment for the working

population in the vicinity of their work place.

1975: Status of Municipal Council was changed from “C” Class to “A” Class from 7th

January 1975.

1982: A Municipal Corporation was formed by merging seven surrounding villages in the

Municipal Council, namely Sangvi, Rahatani, Thergaon, Wakad (part), Pimple Nilakh,

Pimple Gurav, Pimple Saudagar and the PCNTDA area. A total area of 86 sq. km. came

under PCMC’s jurisdiction vide notification dated 05.10.1982.

1997: The area under the Municipal Corporation was further increased through the

addition of 18 new villages in part or full, constituting an extended area of 84.51 sq.km.

Thus, the total area under the jurisdiction of PCMC measured 170.51 sq.km. These

villages are located on the periphery of the erstwhile PCMC area. The villages Talwade,

Chikhali, Moshi, and Dudulgaon along the Dehu-Alandi road, and Choviswadi and

Wadmukhwadi along the Dighi-Alandi road are located north of the erstwhile PCMC,

bounded by the Indrayani River. Charholi BK, Dighi, and Bopkhel along the Pune-Alandi

road lie towards the east, bordered by the area under the Ministry of Defence. Towards

the south are Dapodi, Sangavi (Aundh Chest Hospital), Bhosari, and Pimple Nilakh

(Rakshak Co-operative Housing Society Private Ltd. and Bharat Electronics Ltd.

Colony). To the west, the river Pavana bisects the villages Mamurdi, Kiwale, and Ravet

from the villages Punawale and Wakad that lie along the westerly Mumbai-Bangalore

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bypass highway. The present PCMC area is situated to the northwest of Pune on the

Mumbai-Pune National Highway NH4. The Mumbai-Pune rail link also traverses through

the corporation area dividing it into two halves.

2008: The area under the Municipal Corporation was further increased through the

addition of Tathawade new villages. Thus, the total area under the jurisdiction of PCMC

measured 176.41 sq.km.

4.4 Landuse change

Land use beginning from 1986 and subsequent distribution provides the physical

situation within which land use change occurred. As per the town development plan the

total land in the study area is 170.51sq.km. Among them 32.42sq.km, 0.59sq.km. ,

12.33sq.km, 3.89sq.km, 1.66sq.km. and 0.81sq.km. or 32% were developed in 1986, used

for residential, commercial, industrial , transportation public .(Table 4.1)

TABLE NO. 4.1: LAND USE DISTRIBUTION AS PER DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Source: Town Planning Department, Pune

Land use

Area in Sq. Km.

Total Area in

% 1986 DP Newly Merged

areas Residential 10.16 22.26 32.42 19.01

Commercial 0.40 0.19 0.59 0.35

Industrial 10.85 1.48 12.33 7.23

Public and Semi Public 0.84 0.82 1.66 0.97

Public Utilities 0.42 0.39 0.81 0.48

Transport 4.26 2.38 6.64 3.89

Reserved, Forest & Agri. 26.27 33.27 59.54 34.92

Water Bodies 1.89 0.95 2.84 1.67

Quarry 0.22 2.46 2.68 1.57

Recreational/Open Spaces 0.69 0.01 0.70 0.41

Barren/Vacant Lands 30.01 20.29 50.30 29.50

Total 86.01 84.50 170.51 100

FIG. NO

32% of the geographical area of

commercial, industrial, transportation

area is under Reserved, Forest

vacant lands.


While studying land use in the region under study, mainly five categories were

taken into consideration viz

water bodies. The Table No.

percentage in the total area as in 2001 as appended below

In 2001, the land-use for

rich and growing urban areas

2%

2%

0%

30%

PCMC Landuse distribution

O. 4.1: PCMC LAND USE DISTRIBUTION

% of the geographical area of PCMC is built-up area. This includes the

commercial, industrial, transportation, public, semi public and public utility

Reserved, Forest and agriculture.29.50% of the area is under the barren or

use in 2001


taken into consideration viz- built up land, agricultural land, vegetation, waste land and

Table No. 4.2 shows areas covered under each category and its

percentage in the total area as in 2001 as appended below –

use for PCMC as a whole was predominantly urban

rich and growing urban areas.

19%

0%

7%

1%0%

4%

35%

PCMC Landuse distribution

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Public and Semi Public

Public Utilities

Transport

Reserved, Forest & Agri.

Water Bodies

Quarry

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up area. This includes the residential,

and public utility. 35% of the

29.50% of the area is under the barren or


built up land, agricultural land, vegetation, waste land and

4.2 shows areas covered under each category and its

urban area. There were

Public and Semi Public

Reserved, Forest & Agri.

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TABLE NO. 4.2: LAND USE IN 2001

Category Area (in sq. km.) Area (in %)

Urban or Built- up 59.82 34.08

Agricultural Land 39.63 23.24

Vegetation 30.90 18.12

Waste Land 36.72 21.54

Water Bodies 3.44 2.02

Total 170.51 100

FIG. NO. 4.2: GENERAL LAND USE/LAND COVER IN 2001

4.5.1 Built Up

Areas of human habitation developed due to non-agricultural use and that which

has a cover of buildings, transport and communication, utilities in association with water,

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vegetation and vacant lands are classified as built up. All manmade constructions

covering the land surface are included under this category. Their shape and high

reflectivity differentiate them from other classes. Enhancement techniques and band

combination helps in segregation of different parcels. This appears in greenish blue tint in

the imagery.

Pimpri- Chinchwad being an urban area, built up area is an important category. It

includes residential, industrial, commercial, and road network and utility services. It

covers 59.82 sq. km. which is 35.08% of the total area under consideration. It is observed

that built up area category covers the maximum area (Ref table -). Most of the built up

area is seen in the central portion, which has various industries. NH-4 passes through this

area. Besides there is a large scale residential area. In view of the transportation facilities,

industries and recent merging of eighteen villages in the region, the built up area has

increased.

4.5.2 Agricultural Land

Agricultural lands are generally used for production of food crops and other

crops. As seen from table No. 4.2, 39.63 sq.km. i.e. 23.24% of the total area is

agricultural land. Area wise it is next to the built up area. The reason being the presence

of rivers Indrayani, Mula, Pavana with a large area on the banks of rivers is under

cultivation. River Indrayani flows along the northern boundary of the area hence there is

more agricultural area. It mainly includes – Chikhali, Kudalewadi, Jadhavwadi, northern

part of Moshi, Charholi, Kotwalwadi etc. On the Western side, along river Pavana,

Pimple saudagar, Wakad, Rahatni, Thergaon and Walhekarwadi have agricultural land.

4.5.3 Vegetation

These are areas where natural vegetation is dominated by grasses or grass-like

plants and non grass-like herbs. It mainly includes trees along roadsides, trees in the

industrial premises, trees and shrubs on the banks of rivers Indrayani, Mula, and Pavana

and the trees grown in the open areas. Vegetation can be observed in the central area as

well as in the northern part of the region. Such grassland is found in some parts of the

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North and South West of the study area. The area included in this category of land-use is

30.90 sq. km. it minces 18.12% of the total area.

4.5.4 Waste Land

This category consists of barren land, fallow land, and quarries. It covers 36.72

sq.km. i.e. 21.54 % of the total land under consideration in the region. Fig. No. 4.2 shows

the proportion of waste land in the east is more. There is waste land in the south of

Charholi. Further some parts of west and north have waste land. It includes some part of

east of Walhekarwadi and northern part of Chikhali.

4.5.5 Water Bodies

This class comprises surface waters either impounds in the form of ponds, lakes

and reservoirs or flowing as rivers, streams, canals etc. A stream is a natural course of

water flowing on the land surface along a definite channel. It may be seasonal or

perennial. An area of 3.44 sq.km. i.e. 2.02% of the total area is covered by water bodies.

It consists of rivers Indrayani, Mula, Pavana, so also Sumant Sarovar(lake), bird Valley

Lake, Shahu Maharaj Talav(tank) Goan lake and water contained in the quarries. The

area covered under water bodies is the least of all.

The urban land use in the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation area for the

year 2001, which has maximum built up area (35.08%) followed by agricultural land

(23.24%), waste land(21.54%), vegetation (18.12%) and water bodies (2.02%).


Table No. 4.3 depicts land use in the year 2009. The total area of PCMC in 2001

was 171.59 sq.km. In 2009, after the inclusion of ‘Tathawade’ in PCMC the total area has

become 176.51 sq.km. The land use in 2009 is as follows

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Total 176.41 100.00


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4.6.1 Built Up

As per the statistics of land use in 2009, it is observed that 45.66% of the total

area i.e. 80.55 sq.km. covers the built up area. This consists of Sangvi, Kasarwadi,

Phugewadi, Pimpri-Chichwad, Gandhinagar, Akurdi i.e. the area astride the railway

track. Besides, Nigadi, Maluskar colony, Dighi, Bhosri, Bopkhel, Wakad, areas have

more built up area.


Table No. 4.3 shows that 17.39% of the total area i.e. 30.67 sq km. is

agricultural land. River Indrayani flows along the northern boundary of the area hence

there is more agricultural area. It mainly includes – Chikhali, Kudalewadi, Jadhavwadi,

northern part of Moshi, Charholi, Kotwalwadi etc. On the Western side, along river

Pavana, Pimple saudagar, Wakad, Rahatni, Thergaon and Walhekarwadi have

agricultural land.

4.6.3 Vegetation

29.55 sq.km. i.e. 16.74 % of the total area is covered by vegetation. Vegetation

can be observed in the central area as well as in the northern part of the region. Such

grassland is found in some parts of the North and South West of the study area.

4.6.4 Waste Land

32.76 sq.km. area i.e. 18.57 % of the total area is waste land. This land is more

than agricultural land and area under vegetation. Most of the waste land observed in the

south of Charholi. Further some parts of west and north have waste land. It includes some

part of east of Walhekarwadi and northern part of Chikhali.

4.6.5 Water Bodies

2.88 sq.km. i.e. 1.63 % of the total area consists of water bodies. Rivers Indrayani,

Mula, Pavana, so also Sumant Sarovar(lake), bird Valley Lake, Shahu Maharaj

Talav(tank) Goan lake and water contained in the quarries. The area covered under water

bodies is the least of all.

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The study of urban land use in 2011 shows that maximum area has come under

built up area (Table No.4.4 and Fig No.4.4). This indicates development in the area under

consideration.








Total 176.41 100


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4.7.1 Built Up

91.42 sq.km. area i.e. 51.82% of the total area is built up. PCMC being an urban

region, it has more built up area. The central part of the region under study has more built

up area; due to the presence of industries like Tata Motors, Premier, Finolex, Bajaj, Alfa

Laval, Thermax, Hindustan Antibiotics etc. The area adjoining these industries also has

increased built up area.In addition to these due to hospitals, educational institutes,

schools, colleges, malls, markets and roads have increased the built up area. (Fig No.4.4)

Pimpri-Chinchwad, Bhosari, Nigadi, Wakad, being prime locations there is more built up

area.


Agricultural land is observed mostly towards east, south-west, north-west, north

and north-eastern region (Fig No. 4.4). Barring southern part and central portion of

PCMC area, the agricultural land can be found on its outer region. Out of the total area,

15.94% is occupied by agriculture.

4.7.3 Vegetation

It mainly consists of natural vegetation and trees and gardens in the premises of

industrial area. A large area in the south of Tata Motors is thickly covered by vegetation.

Area around river Mula, snake park, Sambhaji Nagar, Ajanta Nagar, northern part

Chikhali also has patches of vegetation. Accordingly, in 2011 figures 27.78sq. km i.e.

15.75% of total area is covered with vegetation.

4.7.4 Waste Land

Out Of the total land under consideration, 25.91 sq.km. area i.e.14.49 % of area is waste

land. It lies mainly towards east of area under study, in parts of Moshi, areas adjacent to

Chikhali, Tathawade and Kiwale.

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4.7.5 Water Bodies

Out of the total land use1.80 % area i.e. 3.18 sq.km. is covered by water

bodies. It is revealed from the land use data of 2011 that the proportion of the built up

land to the total land is maximum, whereas agricultural land, vegetation, waste land and

water bodies comparatively cover very less land.

4.8 Conclusion

In the present chapter the land use pattern of 2001, 2009, and 2011 has been

presented. During 2001, the maximum area is observed to be covered by built up area,

followed by agricultural land and waste land, which are 34.88%, 23.11% and 18.01%

respectively. In the year 2009 there is an increase in the built up area which is 45.63%

and the areas of agricultural land and waste land have been diminished, which are

17.38% and 16.31% respectively. Thus the maximum area is occupied by built up area

only. Even in year 2011 there is an increase in the built up area to 51.82 %.

The constant increase in the built up area in PCMC area indicates speed of

urbanization. Ward ‘A’ has maximum increase in built-up area whereas ward ‘C’ has

minimum increase built-up area. The increase in industrialization and urbanization has

affected land use, in years 2001, 2009 and 2011.

chapter iv urban land use and urban land...

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