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Project : Rehabilitation Action Plan for proposed river front development of 21 Ghats along river Ganga in Patna, Bihar

RAP

Resettlement Action Plan

Ganga River Front Development Project

Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (BUIDCO)

September 2013

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ContentsChapter I: Introduction and Methodology.................................................................................1

1.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................1

1.2. River Front Development.......................................................................................................2

1.3 Need for River Front Development..............................................................................................4

Ghats Landscaping:...........................................................................................................................4

Promenades:......................................................................................................................................5

Additional Benefit...............................................................................................................................5

1.4 Proposed Developments..............................................................................................................5

1.5 Project Location..........................................................................................................................10

1.6 Social Screening Exercise............................................................................................................13

1.7 Need For Social Impact...............................................................................................................13

1.8 Objective of the Study................................................................................................................14

1.9 Scope of Study............................................................................................................................14

1.10 Approach and methodology.....................................................................................................15

1.10.1PHASE – I: PRE SURVEY ACTIVITIES....................................................................................15

1.10.2 PHASE II: SURVEY ACTIVITIES............................................................................................16

Chapter-2: Resettlement Policy and Legal Framework...........................................................18

2.1 General................................................................................................................................18

Applicable World Bank OP...........................................................................................................18

OP 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement..............................................................................................18

National Policies...............................................................................................................................18

2.1.3 National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy for Project Affected Families -2007.18

2.1.4 Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (As Modified Until 1st September, 1984)..........................19

2.1.5: The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in LA RR Bill, 2013,.......................21

2.1.5 Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 2002.....................23

Project Level Legal Framework.......................................................................................................23

2.2 Environmental and Social Management Framework...........................................................23

2.3 Resettlement Policy and Land Acquisition Framework........................................................23

R&R Benefits for Project Affected Families...............................................................................24

Chapter: 3 Identified Impacts and Profile of the Project Area.............................................29

3.1 Identified Impacts.....................................................................................................................29

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3.1.1 Summary Project Impacts............................................................................................29

3.1.2 Project Impact Zone.....................................................................................................29

3.1.2 Impacts on Vulnerable Households..............................................................................30

3.1.3 Type of Affected Structures.........................................................................................30

3.2 Socio- Economic Profile of the Project Influence District..........................................................31

3.3 Socio - Economic Profile of the Project Affected Persons....................................................32

3.3.1 Project Affected Households &Persons........................................................................32

3.3.2 Social Category of affected households.......................................................................32

3.3.3 Literacy Level...............................................................................................................32

3.3.4 Marital Status of PAPs..................................................................................................33

3.3.5 Employment Status of Head of the Household............................................................33

3.3.6 Income Level of Households........................................................................................34

3.3.7 Possession of Material Assets of Households..............................................................35

3.3.8 Livestock Possession of HHs.........................................................................................35

Chapter 4: Public Consultation.................................................................................................36

4.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................36

4.2 Methods of Public Consultation...........................................................................................36

4.3.1 Consultation with Scheduled Caste Communities........................................................38

4.3.2 Consultation with Women...........................................................................................39

4.4Stakeholder’s Roles and Responsibilities.....................................................................................39

4.5 Information Disclosure.........................................................................................................40

4.6 Mechanism for Continued Consultation..............................................................................40

Chapter 5: Mitigation Measures...............................................................................................42

5.1 Background..........................................................................................................................42

5.2 Provisions in Entitlement Matrix of NGRB Project...............................................................42

5.3 Basic Provision for Relocation..............................................................................................44

5.2 Physical Displacement and Relocation in the Subproject....................................................45

5.2.1 Relocation Option by PAPs...........................................................................................45

5.2.2 Relocation Strategy for PAPs Opted for Project Based Relocation...............................45

5.2.3 Relocation Strategy for PAPs Opted for Self Relocation...............................................46

5.2.4 Relocation Schedule.....................................................................................................46

5.3 Income Restoration Measures as per the R&R Policy..........................................................47

5.3.1 Training Need Assessment:..........................................................................................47

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5.3.2 Inter-Agency Linkages for Income Restoration and other R&R Support......................47

5.3.3 Short Term IR activities................................................................................................48

5.3.4 Long Term IR Schemes.................................................................................................48

5.4 The Action Plan....................................................................................................................49

5.5 Monitoring of IR Schemes....................................................................................................50

Chapter 6: Gender Action Plan.................................................................................................51

6.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................51

6.1.1. Women Participation in the Project..............................................................................51

6.1.2 Impact on Women and Other Vulnerable Groups.......................................................52

6.1.3 Women Headed Households.......................................................................................52

6.1.4 Women’s Employment Status......................................................................................52

6.2 Gender Consultations..........................................................................................................52

6.2.1 Women’s Involvement in the Project...........................................................................53

6.2.2 Involvement of Women in Construction Activities.......................................................54

6.2.3 Specific Provision for Women in the Construction Camp.............................................54

6.2.4 Special Measures for Controlling STD and AIDS...........................................................55

6.2.5 Possible areas of Women Involvement........................................................................56

6.2.6 Women Self-help Group (SHG)....................................................................................56

6.2.7 Training for Self Employment.......................................................................................57

6.2.8 Addressing Gender Issues in Project Cycle...................................................................57

6.3 Role of NGO.........................................................................................................................60

Chapter 7: Institutional Arrangements....................................................................................61

7.1 Institutional Setup for RAP Implementation........................................................................61

7.1.1 NGOs............................................................................................................................62

7.2 Institutional Arrangement for Monitoring and Evaluation...................................................66

7.2.1 Internal Monitoring............................................................................................................66

7.2.2 External Periodic Evaluation and Concurrent Monitoring...................................................68

7.3 Grievance Redressal Cell......................................................................................................71

Chapter 8 Implementation Schedule.......................................................................................73

Chapter 9 R&R Budget............................................................................................................77

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Chapter I: Introduction and Methodology

1.1 Introduction

River Ganga has a significant economic, environmental and cultural value in India. Rising in the Himalayas and flowing into the Bay of Bengal, the river traverses through a course of more than 2500km in the plains of north and eastern India. The Ganga basin (which also extends into parts of Nepal, China and Bangladesh) accounts for about 26 percent of India’s landmass, 30 percent of its water resources and more than 40 percent of its population. Ganga is India’s holiest river and has a cultural and spiritual significance that far transcends the boundaries of the basin.

Increasing population in the basin and haphazard urbanization and industrial growth has significantly impacted the water quality of river Ganga, particularly during the dry season. The primary sources of pollution are untreated sewage and industrial wastewater. Non-point pollution sources from agriculture and livestock, religious activities at various locations along the river, as well as poor solid waste management, also contribute to pollution. In addition, substantial abstraction of water, primarily for irrigation, has led to low flows and associated poor water quality in the critical middle stretch of the river.

The previous attempt to clean the river, such as Ganga Action Plan (GAP) launched in 1985 have provided some gains in arresting rate of water quality degradation, but lot more needs to be done.

As a major step in this direction, the Government of India (GoI) has established the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) for comprehensive management of the river. The NGRBA program will adopt a river basin approach and has been given multi-sectoral mandate to address both water quantity and quality aspects. The NGRBA has resolved that by year 2121 no untreated municipal sewage or industrial effluent will be discharged into river Ganga. The project includes financing demonstrative infrastructure investments1 to reduce pollution loads in priority locations on the river. The investments are intended to exemplify, among other attributes, the high standards of technical preparation and implementation, sustainability of operations, and public participation envisaged in the NGRBA framework. These investments are innovative pilots, for new and transformative technologies or implementation arrangements. The majority of investments are expected to be in the wastewater sector, particularly in wastewater treatment plants and sewerage networks. Investments will also be supported in industrial pollution control and prevention (e.g. common effluent treatment plants), solid waste management (e.g. collection, transport and disposal systems), and river front management (e.g. improvement of the built environment along river stretches, improvement of small

1 Given the generally large size of individual sub-projects that are needed in the priority locations on the Ganga, the available funding is expected to finance a small numberof sub-projects (around 10-15 major investments in at most 10 towns/cities).

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ghats and electric crematoria, and the conservation and preservation of ecologically sensitive sites).

The portfolio investments to be implemented are given in table 1.1. These investments in the first phase of program is spread across several cities and/or towns within Ganga main stem states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal and may be extended to entire Ganga river basin comprising of 11 states in the later phases.

Table 0-1 : Portfolio of InvestmentsS.No Portfolio of

InvestmentsPossible portfolio components

1 Sewerage and sanitation systems/sewage treatment plants (new/upgradation)

Provision of an entirely new sewerage network including individual house connections

Extensions to existing sewerage networks in some parts of cities/towns to include areas which are un-sewered hitherto or to newly developed areas in the recent years

Entirely new sewage treatment plants/facility Augmentation of capacities in existing sewage treatment plant/facility Remodeling/Renovation of existing sewage treatment facilities, resulting in better

effluent quality and augmented treatment capacity2 Solid Waste

Management Engineered landfills with leachate collection and treatment systems Waste segregation and composting facilities Waste Processing or Waste to Energy Facilities

3 Industrial Pollution Control Initiatives

Common effluent treatment plant Common hazardous waste management facilities Pilot treatment facilities for various industrial sectors Waste minimization and Clean technology program

4 River front Management initiatives

River front management and beautification Construction of bathing ghats Development of crematoria, situated on river banks

1.2.River Front Development

These works involve river front development schemes, beautification of river banks, construction of bathing ghats along rivers, improvement of lakes and water bodies, redevelopment of cremation grounds among others. These works would be included under one investment. The requirement of land for these works is moderate and much lesser than that is required for the sewage treatment or solid waste treatment facility. Although, these facilities are frequently used by the citizens, the location of these investments will not generally involve displacement of people.

The Social Impacts due to RFD includes, (i) requirement of land for all these investments though small, (ii) displacement of titleholders/non-titleholders, (iii) loss of access, and (iv) loss of and/or loss of access to community infrastructure.

Patna River Front Development is one such investment that hasbeen prepared to enhance the potential of Patna’s river edge infrastructure and future decade. This is an

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unprecedented opportunity to create new public realm facing towards the river that is strongly connected to the city’s urban fabric. The report outlines a set of urban strategies that form the larger civic vision to the water front in the Patnacity and illustrates the detail proposal in Ghat precincts.

The attempt has been to provide that works collaboratively with Architecture and Engineering, Urban design and Ecology and Landscape Design. A total of 2.4 km long promenade: Ganges Walk is proposed along with Ghat facilities on 27 locations (212 under this proposal) and 4 socio-cultural buildings including two Eco-Centres that would engage the public in creating awareness about the river and the initiatives to improve the ecology of the river. The study spanned over a length of 7km of the water front starting at CollectorateGhat and down the river till Ganga Setu and beyond up toNaujarGhat.

The spread of Patna along river Ganga The spread of Patna city in and around Gandhi Maidan

The mighty river Ganges is an intrinsic part of life of Patna. This being an historical city the settlements started right after river’s bank edge and consequently the river’s edge remain edunattended. The great potential of river front development eluded the people of Patna. Now with this decision of Bihar Govt. to develop the Ganga river front, a great opportunity for urban transformation of city has emerged. The benefits of this river front development are immense. A few salient benefits are specified below.

Awareness creation among community members:

It has potential to create awareness for cleanliness of river. River water fronts have potential to become the recreational and cultural hubs of city and have emerged as lively urban face. This can transform the water front areas from marginal use and connect to the mainstream, public activity etc. Thus it will improve the city life and create more awareness for environmental awareness of river and also boost tourism.

2 Anta Ghat, B.N College Ghat, AdalatGhat, MishriGhat, Dr. T.N.BanerjeeGhat, Krishna Ghat, Baharwaghat, Rani ghat,Ghaghaghat, Ghoudharytolaghat, Pathrighat, Hanuman ghat, Raja ghta, Gajghat, Bhadraghat, Mahavirghat and Naujarghat

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River water front development would greatly enhance ecological awareness and thus prevent disposal of untreated sewage into the river, and also prevent solid waste dumping on the river banks.

Celebration of religious festivals:

The famous Chhat Puja of Eastern India is celebrated in Patna with great gaiety on river Ganga’s banks. More than five lakhs devotees offer Puja to Sun God on the occasion of Chhat Puja in the month of October. On this occasion lakhs of people trek to Ganges and after holy dip in the Ganges worship Sun God.

Recently Ganga Aarti has started in two ghats, namely Gandhi Ghat and BhadraGhat. The Tourism Department is conducting these on weekly basis and already has emerged an attractive weekly event of city. Such programs can create enormous awareness for cleanliness of river Ganges.

1.3Need for River Front Development

At present the existing facilities at the ghats are quite poor. Practically there is no change room or toilet facility in the ghats. The ghats are neither big enough to accommodate thousands of Devotees during Chhat festival. There is hardly any ghat where visitors to Patna can go for a glimpse of river Ganges. Considering these reasons Government of Bihar has decided to take up Ganga river front development project. Now, in this proposal a further 21 new ghats are proposed to be upgraded. In addition to the ghat development, 4 to 6 meters wide promenades are proposed to connect all ghats together.

Development of River front has emerged as lively Urban Core of cities - their socio-cultural, and recreation centers. Patna is also trying to improve the waterfront use from marginal and neglect into the mainstream of public life. Today everyone recognizes the value of waterfronts for recreation and ecological reasons. Projects for improvement of river water quality by preventing disposal of sewage directly into the river by collection of sewage and its treatment before disposal into water body are being prepared separately. Similarly project for collection of solid waste, segregation, transportation and disposal in Sanitary Land Fill/compost Plant is also under preparation which will prevent solid waste disposal in river directly. All these efforts together are likely to improve the quality of River Ganga water substantially.

Ghats Landscaping:

At present there is virtually very little landscaping along the river edges. In this Project it is proposed to design and provide proper landscaping along the river edges. Also there are no city level parks and thus 3 umbers of city level parks are being proposed.

It would also be pertinent to mention that at present the river front development/ management report has been worked upon from Collectorat ghat. The reason being, till last year Ganges course had swerved away from Patna City and rejoined at Collectorate ghat and from this ghat river again flows along the city river bank.

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Similarly the development of promenades would create lively open space for the densely populated urban areas of Patna. In this process the public opinion will be cleared to prevent pollution of river and also act as watch dog over functioning of the sewerage system/STPs etc. The citizen of the city will ensure that only treated effluent is discharged into the river.

Promenades:

Promenades help in preventing disposal of solid waste into the river or on the bank as it will act as a sort of barrier. The Promenades is also likely to check encroachment on river banks, which are responsible for waste disposal directly into the river. This is going to substantially improve river water quality.

It is also proposed to construct two Socio-Cultural centres near Collectorate ghat and Bhadraghat. These centers will provide alternative place to pilgrims and local people for undertaking social activities and rituals, which would otherwise be taking place on the Ghats and thus are likely to reduce load of waste disposal into the river water.

Additional Benefit

‘Chhat Festival’ is the most important festival of Bihar. Lakhs of people congregate on bank of river Ganga for taking a dip and also undertake other religious rituals. The celebration of Chhat festival would become much more comfortable for these Devotees by construction of walkway and the socio-cultural centers.

This will also help in developing tourist attraction as Ganga Aarti can be organized on regular basis at 2 – 3 ghats as is done in other religious cities like Varanasi, Haridwar etc. This will also help develop ecological awareness to prevent the pollution of the river.

The Promenades will provide an alternative passage for people to travel from one ghat to the other directly without getting on to the main road. This will greatly reduce traffic on main road and reduce misery of people in traffic, particularly during festival times. The Promenades will reduce the distance to be travelled and time required for going from one ghat to the other substantially. The Promenades will also provide a panoramic view of the river banks and ghats to the visitors.

1.4Proposed Developments

The proposed Patna river front development project would involve the following components:

a) Development of 21ghats (from Anta Ghat to Naujarghat including change room)b) Promenades including kiosks (connecting the ghats together)c) Community cum cultural centers.d) Landscape work in the precinct zonese) City level parksf) Improvement of approach roads to the precincts

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a) Development of 21 ghats:

The proposed 21ghats considered to be developed under this project are and potential of ghat as a public space is shown in figure 1.1:

Table 1.2: Ghats in Project Area

Ghat NamesAnta ghat B.N. College ghatAdalatghat MishrighatT.N. Banerjee ghat Krishna ghatBaharwaghat Rani ghatGulvighat GhaghaghatRaushanghat ChoudharytolaghatPathrighat AlamgaunjghatLaurwaghat Hanuman ghatRaja ghat GaighatBhadraghat Mahavirghat

Naujarghat

Figure 1.1 Potential of Ghat as a public Space

b) Promenades including kiosks (connecting the ghats together)

The proposed development of promenades are given below and shown in figure 1.2 and 1.3:

Table 1.3: Proposed development of promenades

Name of Connected Ghats

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PrecinctPrecinct-I CollectorateGhat Anta Ghat B.N.College

GhatMahendruGhat till AdalatGhat

Precinct-II AdalatGhat To Gandhi GhatPrecinct-III Gandhi ghat to Rani GhatPrecinct-IV BhadraGhat MahavirGhat NaujarGhat

Figure 1. 2 Urban Precincts proposed

After the development of the urban precincts the view of a ghat is shown in figure 1.3

Figure 1. 3: View of Ghat after the proposed development of urban precinct

c) Community cum cultural centres

Three number of community cum culture centres are proposed as given below and shown in figure 1.4

Community cum Eco centre at Collectorateghat; Community cum cultural Centre at Bhadraghat Dolphin Research Centre at Gaighat

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Audio-Visual theatre at Gandhi ghat

Figure 1. 4: Proposed Community cum Eco-Centre at Gaighat

d) Landscape work at Precinct Zones:

Landscape work has been proposed in four (4) number of precinct zones as given below and shown in Table 1.3:

Table 1.3: Landscaping work in precinct zones

Precinct Landscape Work Landscape Work

Landscape Work

Precinct-I CollectorateGhat to Anta ghat

Anta ghat to B.N college ghat

B.N college ghat to Mahendrughat

Precinct-II MishriGhat to T.N Banerjee ghat

T.N Banerjee ghat to Kali ghat

Precinct-III Gandhi ghat to Baharwaghat

Baharwaghat to Law college ghat

Rani ghat to Gulvighat

Precinct-IV Gaighat to NaujarGhat

The proposal under the landscape works at the precinct zones will include the following aspects:

Riparian edge restoration, planting along edge for biodiversity of wild life, carbon reduction, nutrient exchange along edge

Large open space to facilitate people for rituals, activity and exercise, walks, workshops, seminars, shade areas for people

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Nitrogen and phosphorus reduction through bio-filtration hydroid (from NEERI-CSIR India) from sewage filled discharge

Solid waste management through in-situ aerobic composting (for bio-degradable waste)

Flood control through landscape engineering permanent and temporary Environmental education

Figure 1.5: Restoring the riparian edge and landscaping

e) City level parks:

There are two city level parks are proposed at Collectorateghat and Gaighat. These will be constructed on available government land.

f) Improvement of approach roads to the precincts

Following approach roads are proposed for improvement:

Approach road to precinct-I

Approach road to precinct-II

Approach road to precinct-III

Approach road to precinct-IV

Approach road to Krishna ghat

Approach road to Choudurytolaghat

Approach to Pathrighat

Approach to Gaighat

Approach to Raja ghat

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A schematic view of proposed development of approach road is given in figure 1.7.

Figure 1. 6: Proposed approach road development of Gaighat

1.5Project Location

The proposed project site is located along the river Ganaga starting from CollectorateGhat and spread beyond the Ganga setu. Few of the ghats are proposed to be connected through promenade and would also involve landscape work.

The location map of the proposed project site is provided in Figure 1.7 and existing landuse along the ghats are shown in Figure 1.8.

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Figure 1.7 : Google Image of Project Site and surroundings

P a g e | 14

S o c i a l I m p a c t A s s e s s m e n t a n d R e s e t t l e m e n t A c t i o n P l a n

Figure 1.8: Project Location

P r o p o s e d R i v e r F r o n t D e v e l o p m e n t i n P a t n aP a g e | 15


1.6Social Screening Exercise

During the initial site visit to the project site between 20.08.2013 and 26.08.2013 some important project road sections were visited to identify the major Environmental and Social factors as per the guidelines of WB and ESMF of NGRBA. The factors which were looked into include:

Land availability/requirement; Loss of structures Loss of livelihood Impacts on common property resources etc.

The outcome of the Social Screening is given in Table 1.4.

Table 1.4: Outcome of Social Screening

Social Factors Outcome

Loss of LandThere is no such private land acquisition involved in the project. Only government land will be taken for forming into parks and public places.

Land Availability/Requirement

No such land is required for the proposed project except few parks which will be developed on government land. No private land acquisition is involved.

Loss of structures A total of 229 households will be displaced, though none of them are titleholders. Six squatter settlements which are set along the banks will be displaced as part of the project. The detailed entitlement framework is given in annexure.

Loss of livelihood As such the project will not affect any livelihood. In fact it will open the chances of more livelihood for the local people. However, project has made provision of livelihood augmentation as all the affected households are below poverty line. The livelihood restoration measures will augment household income of displaced families.

The project on the other hand will benefit the devotees who visit river Ganga almost on daily basis.

1.7Need For Social Impact

The loss of private assets resulting in loss of income and displacement has made social impact assessment an important input into the project design while initiating and implementing developmental interventions. An understanding of the issues related to social, economic and cultural factors of the affected people is critical in the formulation of an appropriate rehabilitation plan. A detailed social impact assessment



(SIA) therefore was carried out to make project design responsive to social development concerns. SIA also helped in enhancing the project benefits to poor and vulnerable people while minimizing or mitigating concerns, risks and adverse impacts. Further as the project implementation entails a large number other social issues such as influx of labour during construction and others, a systematic assessment provided the basis to prepare a Social Management Plan.

1.8Objective of the Study

The main objective of the study is to ensure that the project addresses the adverse impacts on the livelihood of the people and that nobody is left worse off after implementing RAP and those affected have access to project benefits, both during project construction as well as operation. Specifically, the objectives of the study are:

1) To carry out a socio-economic, cultural and political/institutional analysis to identify the project stakeholders and social issues associated with the project;

2) To assess the extent of asset loss and undertake the census of potential project affected people;

3) To develop a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) in consultation with the affected people and project authorities;

4) To identify likely occurrence of HIV/AIDS resulting from the influx of outside labourers and others and develop a strategy to reduce their incidence; and

5) To develop a consultation framework for participatory planning and implementation of proposed mitigation plan.

1.9Scope of Study

The study began with the identification of social issues and stakeholders and communities, including socially and economically disadvantaged communities. The focus of SIA was on identifying local population likely to be affected by the project either directly or indirectly and undertake census survey. The scope of the study in particular included the following:

1) Identifying key social issues associated with the proposed project and specifies the project’s social development outcomes;

2) Assessing potential social and economic impacts both during the construction phase and in the operation phase;

3) Reviewing policies, regulations and other provisions that related to resettlement and rehabilitation of project affected people and other social issues;

4) Social screening of various project components and likely impacts in terms of land taking (loss of houses, livelihood, etc.), and resultant involuntary



resettlement and provide inputs (in terms of magnitude of impacts and likely costs for mitigation) in preparing appropriate mitigation plans;

5) Screen the social development issues in the project area and its vicinity and design the social services that may be provided by the project in order to improve the quality of life and achieve the projects economic and social goals;

6) Update the profile of the population and available infrastructure facilities for services in the project affected area;

7) Based on the assessment of potential social and economic impacts establish criteria that will assist in the formulation of strategies; to the extent possible maximize project benefits to the local population and minimize adverse impacts of the project interventions on the affected communities;

8) Inform, consult and carry out dialogues with the project stakeholders on matters relating to project design, objectives, and implementation and provide specific recommendations to avoid/minimize high social risks;

9) Screen the social development issues in the project area and its vicinity and accordingly design the social services that may have to be provided by the project in order to improve the quality of life;

10) Identify likely loss of community assets (e.g. school, community assets) including the religious structures and common property resources (e.g. forest, grazing land) the impacts of their loss on the local population;

11) Assess the impact of influx of construction workers and others (both during civil works and operation of the project) on the incidence of HIV/AIDS and other diseases and develop a strategy to control them;

12) Assess the capacity institutions and mechanisms for implementing social development aspects of the project implementation including the social safeguard plans and recommend capacity building measures; and,

13) Develop monitoring and evaluation mechanism to assess the social development outcomes;

1.10Approach and methodology

Approach and methodology mainly consist of quantitative and qualitative tools and techniques. The study was conducted in two phases.

1.10.1PHASE – I: PRE SURVEY ACTIVITIES

Collection and review of project literature



This phase intends to familiarize with the concerned and important stakeholders to identify and collect the available literature and to scope the activities. This involved two pronged approach (a) discussions with Project Implementing authorities and other concerned, b) collection of available relevant project literature. Consultations were held with concerned revenue officials to establish the ownership of land. Literature review and consultations formed the basis for identification of key stakeholders.

Rapid reconnaissance survey to familiarize field activitiesFollowing to the review and consultations, rapid preliminary field visits were conducted as part of ground truthing exercise. This provided the basis for field research preparation and helped in testing the questionnaires and checklists.

Scoping and other Pre survey activitiesBoth the review and rapid reconnaissance survey helped in finalizing the study instruments andinception report detailing the final methodology and work plan.

1.10.2 PHASE II: SURVEY ACTIVITIES

Census and socio-economic household survey for all affected personsThe census survey of all the project-affected persons available was conducted in the second phase. The survey, inter alia, has assessed the impacts of the project, the socio-economic conditions, and living standards of affected persons due to the project implementation. The following were collected during the survey:

Socio economic conditions of the affected persons Family structure and number of family members Literacy levels Occupation type and income levels Inventory of household assets Loss of immovable assets due to the project by type and degree of loss Accessibility to the community resources Perceptions on the resettlement and rehabilitation measures Perceived income restoration measures Grievances of affected persons and its redressal Willingness to participate in the project

Qualitative surveyQualitative surveys were conducted for evaluation of both affected population and implementation capacities. The qualitative survey included focus group discussions and in depth interviews with various sections of people such as women, knowledgeable persons and community leaders to elicit their expectations and



suggestions, which will support and provide additional information collected through quantitative survey.

Assessment of livelihood lossesThe study made an attempt to identify people losing their livelihood directly or indirectly. Also through consultations the rehabilitation strategies for those losses by way of training requirements for income generation and other remedial and restoration measures were identified. For this the consultations were conducted among:

People losing properties/resources Knowledgeable persons Opinion leaders in the community

Review of legal policy provisions and implementation capacityRelevant national and state legislations and regulations were reviewed. To study implementation arrangements and its capacity in delivering the R&R services verification of these arrangements and in-depth interviews with authorities were conducted.

Research Tools and InstrumentsVarious social research tools are employed to ensure that, all issues related to the study are adequately addressed so that a meaningful package of deliverables is developed. The entire exercise was carried out through an appropriate mix of social research techniques including desk research through review of information, concerned government departments and project authorities. Structured and semi-structured interviews, group discussions with the affected people and relevant government agencies and community were undertaken.The study used various instruments to collect information for the different stakeholders involved in the project. The Questionnaires and Checklist for FGDs are presented in the Appendix-1.



Chapter-2: Resettlement Policy and Legal Framework

2.1 General

All strategic interventions on human development, spread across all social issues, need directives of policies and legal support to operationalize the appropriate actions. These policies and legislations help to overcome the constraints and support administrator, implementer, community and individual in delivery of justice. This chapter includes the World Bank as well as National policies and Acts applicable to the proposed Project are detailed under:

Applicable World Bank OP

OP 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement Involuntary Resettlement is triggered in situations involving involuntary taking of land and involuntary restrictions of access to legally designated parks and protected areas. The policy aims to avoid involuntary resettlement to the extent feasible, or to minimize and mitigate its adverse social and economic impacts. It promotes participation of displaced people in resettlement planning and implementation, and its key economic objective is to assist displaced persons in their efforts to improve or at least restore their incomes and standards of living after displacement. The policy prescribes compensation and other resettlement measures to achieve its objectives and requires that borrowers prepare adequate resettlement planning instruments prior to Bank appraisal of proposed projects.

National Policies

2.1.3 National Resettlementand Rehabilitation Policy for Project Affected Families -2007

The National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007 (NRRP) provides guidelines and execution instructions applicable to all projects. It provides that the basic minimum requirements of projects leading to involuntary displacement of people must address the rehabilitation and resettlement issues comprehensively. The state Governments, public sector undertakings or agencies and other requiring bodies are at liberty to put in place greater benefit levels than those prescribed in the NRRP, 2007. The objectives of the NRRP are as follows:

To minimise displacement and to promote, as far as possible, non-displacing or least-displacing alternatives;

To ensure adequate rehabilitation package and expeditious implementation of the rehabilitation process with the active participation of the affected families;

To ensure that special care is taken for protecting the rights of the weaker sections of society, especially members of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, and to create obligations on the State for their treatment with concern and sensitivity;



To provide a better standard of living, making concerted efforts for providing sustainable income to the affected families; and

To integrate rehabilitation concerns into the development planning and implementation process; and where, displacement is on account of land acquisition, to facilitate harmonious relationship between the requiring body and affected families through mutual cooperation.

NRRP 2007 distinguishes between projects requiring large extent of land and those involving linear acquisitions where the loss to an individual will be minimal. In projects relating to railway lines, highways, transmission lines, laying of pipelines and other such projects wherein only a narrow stretch of land is acquired for the purpose of the project or is utilised for right of way, the NRRP provides for an ex-gratia payment of not less that Rs.25, 000/- in addition to the compensation or any other benefits due under the project. However, if as a result of such land acquisition, the land-holder becomes landless or is reduced to the status of a "small" or "marginal" farmer, other rehabilitation and resettlement benefits available under NRRP shall also be extended to such affected families. Further, the affected families will have the option to take a lump-sum amount in lieu of one or more of the benefits specified under NRRP.

2.1.4 Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (As Modified Until 1st September, 1984)

The act is applicable to the whole of India except the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The policy provides a broad guideline of procedure of land acquisition. The Land Acquisition (LA) Act of 1894 is commonly used for acquisition of land for any public purpose. It is used at the State level with State amendments made to suit local requirements. Expropriation of and compensation for land, houses and other immovable assets are carried out under the Land Acquisition (Amendment) Act, 1984. The Act deals with compulsory acquisition of private land for public purpose. The LA Act does not contain any provision specifically dealing with resettlement including income restoration aspects.

The procedure of LA under this act is summarized below:

Investigation When a local authority or a company requires a land, an application is required to be

made by it to the revenue authority; The application should be accompanied with a copy of the plan showing survey nos.,

purpose of acquisition and the reason for the particular site to be chosen and the provision made for the cost of the acquisition;

After the government has been fully satisfied about the purpose, the least area needed, and other relevant facts as provided under land acquisition rules, it will issue a notification under Section 4 (1) of the act that the particular land is required for public purpose;



The collector (or any person authorised by the Collector in this behalf) will hold an inquiry under Section 5-A of the Act;

After notification the owner is prohibited from selling his property or disposing it off and prevented from carrying out any works of improvements for which no compensation will be paid if executed without prior permission from the collector.

Objection and Confirmation Objections are invited from all persons interested in the land within 30 days from the date

of notification under Section 5A sub section 1. The objections will be valid on one or more of the following grounds:i. That the purpose for which the land is proposed for acquisition is not a public purpose.ii. That the land is not or less suitable than another piece of land for the said purpose.iii. That the area under acquisition is excessive.iv. That the acquisition will destroy or impair historical or artistic monuments or will desecrate religious buildings, graveyards and the like. The collector after hearing the objections will submit his report to the government, who

will finally declare the land for acquisition under Section 6 of the Act. After notification the collector proceeds with the claim. He has the site marked out,

measured and a plan of the same made vide Section 8.

Claim and Award The collector will issue notices under Section 9 to all persons interested in the

acquisition to file their claim reports; The collector is not to be a party to the proceedings, is to possess an expert knowledge

on valuation, and offers a fair price to an owner and checks that the public funds are not wasted;

The claim filed should contain the names of the claimants and co-shares, if any rents or profits for last three years and a valuation report of the land from an architect or an engineer;

The government can abandon the acquisition proceedings by simply canceling the notification. However, in that case compensation has to be paid under Section 48(2);

In determining the compensation the market value of the land is determined at the date of notification. The rise and fall in the value during the period of transaction and notification is taken into consideration;

Compensation is also payable when:i. Part of the property is proposed for acquisition in such a manner that the

remainder depreciates in value.ii. When the land notified for acquisition has standing crops or trees.iii. If the person interested has to change his place of residence or business then the

excess rent payable for the new premises is also considered for compensation. Matters which are not taken into consideration for the purpose of land acquisition are:i. The degree of urgency which has led to the acquisition.ii. Any disinclination of the person interested to part with the land.



iii. Any increase in the land value likely to accrue from the use to which it will be put when acquired. After necessary inquiries the collector declares his award showing true area of the land,

total amount of compensation payable and apportionment of compensation if there are more than one owners or claimants.

The collector has to make the award under section 11 within a period of two years from the date of notification.

Reference to Court Any person interested, to whom the award is not satisfactory, can submit a written

application to the court. This application should be made within six weeks from the date of declaration of the

award.

ApportionmentIn apparent of the compensation each of the claimants are entitled to the value of his interest, which he has lost, by compulsory acquisition. Thus it is required to value a variety of interest, rights and claims in the land in terms of money.

2.1.5: The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in LA RR Bill, 2013,

The salient features of the bill include:

1. The Bill seeks to amend the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The bill suggests that the 1894 Act be repealed and a new comprehensive legislation be brought in Parliament. It states that the legislation should be enacted expeditiously.

2. The bill notes that the use of the word ‘may’ dilutes specific provisions and provides undue discretion to the implementing agency. It recommends that ‘may’ should be replaced by ‘shall’ in all clauses except ones where the intent is to provide flexibility.

3. In order to protect agricultural land from getting acquired, it states that the Bill should include a provision that makes it mandatory for the Collector to submit a report stating that wasteland or barren land was not available for a particular project. Also, the government should make a list of unutilised land.

4. The Committee also makes several suggestions for development of wasteland. It also recommends that the government should do long term planning regarding the total area of agricultural land required to meet food grain requirements. Also, a strong law is required to protect prime agricultural land in similar manner as forest land. There should also be measures to guard against excessive acquisition of land which is at time more than the land required for the project.

5. The Committee recommends that in cases where award of compensation is pending, solatium and the rehabilitation and resettlement package should be provided retrospectively.



6. The Committee recommends that all the benefits provided under the Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation and Resettlement legislation should be doubled at every stage in case of second and subsequent displacement of a family/person.

7. The Bill would apply to Nagaland only when decided by a resolution of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly. This should be provided for in the Bill.

8. As per the Act, 30 days time period from the date of publication of the notification has been provided for the affected person to object to the acquisition of land. The Committee feels that the period is not sufficient and recommends that it be increased to 60 days.

9. The Committee is of the opinion that fixing some percentage of the land to be acquired by the appropriate government and private body for a particular project of public purpose is very contradictory and impractical. Also, the definition of “public purpose” as per the 1894 Act should be retained.

10. There should be discretion in deciding whether a Social Impact Study is necessary if the number of families is below the threshold level.

11. The Committee recommends that the highest price of sale deed as indicated in the sale deeds of the last three years plus 50 per cent of the highest price should be the criteria for assessing and determining the market value of the land. For tribal areas, the Committee recommends that the highest price of a sale deed of the adjoining non-tribal blocks/village for the last three years plus 50 per cent should be the criteria.

12. The Committee is against the provision that allows the Collector, before determining the market value of the land, to ascertain the intended land use category.

13. The Committee states that issue of shares and debentures as part of the compensation is not practical. Therefore, issue of shares and debentures should be over and above the admissible compensation. Further, it should be left to the acquiring body to issue shares and debentures over and above the admissible compensation to the affected person/family whose land is acquired.

14. The Committee pointed out certain contradictions in the Land Acquisition Bill and the Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill with regard to compensation with shares and debentures.

15. The Committee recommends that emergency powers of the government may be restricted to acquisition of minimum area of land for the purpose of defence or national security or in case of natural calamities.

16. The Committee suggests that the Acquisition Compensation Disputes Settlement Authority should consist of at least three members, including the Chairperson. Also, the retirement age should be reduced to 65 years from 67 years.

17. The Committee proposes that the rate of interest should be increased from nine per cent to 15 per cent per annum and compound interest should be paid wherever applicable.



2.1.5 Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 2002

The Act provides for the inclusion in the lists of Scheduled Tribes (ST), of certain tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within tribes or tribal communities, equivalent names or synonyms of such tribes or communities, removal of area restrictions and bifurcation and clubbing of entries; imposition of area restriction in respect of certain castes in the lists of Scheduled Castes (SC) and the exclusion of certain castes and tribes from the lists of SCs and STs.

Project Level Legal Framework

2.2 Environmental and Social Management Framework

The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) has adopted an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and agreed with the World Bank to apply for its investment projects involving World Bank fund. This framework describes the policy, principles, and approach to be followed in minimizing and mitigating adverse social and economic impacts by the sub projects. The social management framework has four parts viz., (i) Resettlement Policy and Land Acquisition Framework; (ii) Indigenous Peoples Management Framework (IPMF); (iii) Gender Assessment and Development Framework (GAD); and (iv) Consultation framework.

The ESMF document is intended to help manage the social and environmental impacts through appropriate measures during the planning, design, construction and operation of various sub-projects of NGRBP. The framework identifies the level of safeguard due-diligence required for all categories of sub-projects of NGRBP and provides specific guidance on the policies and procedures to be followed for environmental and social assessment along with roles and responsibilities of the implementing agencies.

2.3 Resettlement Policy and Land Acquisition Framework

The guidelines are prepared for addressing the issues limited to this project for resettlement and rehabilitation of the PAPs. This policy has been developed based on the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2007 and the World Bank OPs 4.12 on involuntary resettlement and 4.10 on indigenous peoples.

The 'Social Policy‘ of NGRBP aims to resettle and rehabilitate the affected persons on account of its sub projects in a manner that they do not suffer from adverse effects and shall improve or at the minimum retain their previous standard of living, earning capacity and production levels. It is also the endeavor of the NGRBP that the resettlement shall minimize dependency and be sustainable socially, economically and institutionally. Special attention will be paid for the improvement of living standards of marginalized and vulnerable groups.



R&R Benefits for Project Affected Families

The resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R) benefits shall be extended to all the Project Affected Families (PAF) whether belonging to below poverty line (BPL) or non-BPL. The details are provided in the entitlement matrix. For tribal the following provisions will be adhered.

Each Project Affected Family of ST category shall be given preference in allotment of land.

Tribal PAFs will be re-settled close to their natural habitat in a compact block so that they can retain their ethnic/linguistic and cultural identity

The Tribal Land Alienated in violation of the laws and regulations in force on the subject would be treated as null and void and-the R&R benefits would be available only to the original tribal land owner.

Table 2.1 Entitlement Matrix

Type of Impact/ Loss

Unit ofEntitlement Entitlement Entitlements as per Policy

Loss of Land and structures - (Titleholder/customary/usufruct right holders)Loss of agricultural land

Titleholders/ Household

Compensation at replacement Cost Special provisions for vulnerable

Direct purchase at negotiated price (or) compensation for land at replacement value

If PAP is from vulnerable group, compensation for the land by means of land for land will be provided if PAP wishes so, provided that government land of equal productive value is available. If allotted land is waste land/degraded land, one time assistance of Rs 15,000 per hectare will be provided towards land development charges.

If the residual plot (s) is (are) not viable, the affected person becomes a marginal farmer any of the following two options are to be given to PAP, subject to his/her acceptance:

a) The PAP remains on the plot, and the compensation and assistance paid to the tune of required amount of land to be acquired

b) Compensation and assistance are to be provided for the entire plot including residual part, if the owner





of such land wishes that his/her residual plot should also be acquired by the NGRBP. The NGRBP will acquire the residual plot and pay the compensation for it.

Reimbursement of registration and stamp duty charges

2 Total loss ofhomestead/ commercial land and structure


Compensation at replacement cost

Special provisions for vulnerable


Compensation for loss of affected structural area will be paid at the replacement cost to be calculated as per latest prevailing basic schedules of rates (BSR) without depreciation.

Shifting assistance of Rs 10000 Right to salvage material from the

demolished structure and frontage, etc

Rental assistance as per the prevalent rate in the form of grant to cover maximum three/ Six months rentals

Reimbursement of registration and stamp duty Charges

For vulnerable groups losing residential/ commercial structures and do not have any other housing units within limit of the local bodies, shall be given preference to allot a house under any housing scheme at cost.

Partial loss ofhomestead/ commercial land and structure


Compensation at replacement cost


Compensation for loss of affected structural area will be paid at the replacement cost to be calculated as per latest prevailing basic schedules of rates (BSR) without depreciation.

Right to salvage material from the demolished structure and frontage, etc





Loss of Structure by Non TitleholderLoss of structure (immovable assets constructed by squatters and encroachers)

Household Compensation at replacement cost


Squatters and encroachers will be notified and given one month time to remove their assets.

Squatters and encroachers will be entitled for:a) No compensation for landb) Compensation for loss of

affected structural area will be paid at the replacement cost to be calculated as per latest prevailing basic schedules of rates (BSR) without depreciation.

Shifting assistance of Rs. 10000/- for squatters.

Right to salvage material from the demolished structure for both squatters and encroachers.

Livelihood lossesIncome/livelihoodlosses

Titleholders losing income through business

Rehabilitation Assistance

Title holders loosing their business establishment due to displacement will be provided as per the prevailing MAWs for 200 days./ Income from Unit for 3 months

Titleholders losing income through agriculture

Rehabilitation Assistance

Title holders loosing their primary source of income due to displacement will be provided with as per the prevailing MAWs for 200 days.

Training Assistance will be provided for income generating vocational training and skill upgradation options as per APs choice

Employment opportunity for PAPs in the subproject works, if available and if so desired by them.

Squatters (NTH)/ Agricultural laborer/ sharecropper losing primary source of

Rehabilitation assistance

Assistance to be paid as per the prevailing MAWs for 180 days

Training would be provided for upgradation of skills to the PAPs.

Employment opportunity for PAPs in the sub project works, if available and if so desired by them.





income Or National/State level job card under

National Rural Employment Guarantee Program.

Licensed mobile vendors and kiosk operators

RehabilitationAssistance

Those mobile vendors in possession of a permit from local authorities to operate in the affected area will be treated as kiosks operators.

Kiosk operators and vendors licensed to operate from affected locations will be entitled to a one time lump sum assistance of Rs. 4000/-.

Loss of Trees and CropsLoss of Trees a) Land

holdersb)Sharecropperc) Lease holders

Compensation at Market value to be computed with assistance of horticulture department

Advance notice to PAPs to harvest fruits and remove trees

For fruit bearing trees compensation at average fruit production for next 15 years to be computed at current market value

For timber trees compensation at market cost based on kind of trees

Loss of StandingCrops at the timeof acquisition, ifany

a) Land holdersb)Sharecropperc) Lease holders

Compensation at Market value to beComputed with assistance of agriculture department

Advance notice to PAPs to harvest crops

In case of damage to standing crops, cash compensation at current market cost to be calculated of mature crops based on the current production.

Other Impacts8 AdditionalAssistance tovulnerable groups

Vulnerablehouseholdsincluding BPL, SC, ST, WHH,disabled andhandicapped

Special Assistance

One time lump sum assistance of Rs. 10000/ to vulnerable households. (This will be paid above and over the other assistance(s) as per this framework)

Adverse indirectimpacts onneighborhood anddrop in land valuesdue to location

Community/Titleholder

Special assistance

Allocation of one percent of capital cost of the sub project cost as Neighborhood Development Fund

One time financial assistance to the immediate private land owners adjacent to the project site @ Rs 15000 per hectare to each person in the records of rights





oflandfill and/or STP

Green belt around the landfill site and / or STP site.

Loss of communityinfrastructure/amenities

Community Special assistance

The common property resources and the community infrastructure shall be relocated in consultation with the community

Loss of access toprivate and / orcommon resourceproperty

Community/ households

Special assistance

Provide alternative access

Temporary impact during construction like disruption of normal traffic,damage to adjacent parcel of land / assets due to movement of heavy machinery and plant site

Community /Individual

Compensation The contractor shall bear the cost of any impact on structure or land due to movement of machinery during construction or establishment of construction plant

All temporary use of land to be through written approval of the landowner and contractor.

Location of Construction camps by contractors in consultation with PEA

The Project authority will ensure security and access to households in close proximity of the construction camps and that camps must be located at least 500 m from the habitation.

Any other impactnot yet identified,whether loss ofasset or livelihood

Unforeseen impacts shall be documented and mitigated based on the principles agreed upon in this policy framework.



Chapter: 3 Identified Impacts and Profile of the Project Area

3.1 Identified Impacts

The project impacts were identified through a series of exercises including social screening during early project preparation stage and detailed household survey and public consultation as part of social impact assessment in the project area. In addition to various positive project impacts perceived due to the proposed project intervention, project intervention will lead to some adverse social impacts in terms of loss of structures/housings. Based on the project requirement as per detailed design report, social impact assessment survey was carried out between 20.08.2013 to 26.08.2013 and the summary findings are provided in the ensuing sections.

3.1.1 Summary Project ImpactsThe proposed project will require XXX hectare of Government land. The BUIDCO has already received NOC for land utilization The copy of the NOC is attached as Annex___. Since the project does not involve any private land acquisition, there will not be any impacts on titleholders. The social survey results show that a total of 229 residential structures all belong to non-titleholder are likely to be affected by the project. The project impacts are due to mainly ghat development component. Out of 229 affected households 194 will be affected due to ghat development and rest 35 households will be affected due to widening of approach road. The summary project impacts are provided in the Table: 3.1. The details of PAPs database is attached as Appendix-2.

Table: 3.1 Summary Project Impacts

Sl. No. Project Components Affected households

Number of PAPs

1 Development of Ghats 194 9432 Construction of Promenades 0 03 Community cum cultural centers. 0 04 Landscape work in the precinct zones 0 05 City level parks 0 06 Widening of Approach Roads* 35 160

Total 229 1103* Only at MahendruGhat

3.1.2 Project Impact ZoneThe project stretch includes about 6.6 kilometres but the displacement of households is restricted to seven ghat locations as presented in the table: 3.2 below.




l. No. Name of Ghat Number of PAP1 MishriGhat 552 MahendruGhat 353 T.N. BanarjeeGhat 404 AdalatGhat 75 BarharwaGhat 326 GosainGhat 197 Raja Ghat 41

Total 229

1.

3.1.2 Impacts on Vulnerable Households

There are 164 vulnerable households that may be impacted due to this project. They may be further classified into economic and social vulnerability. Details of vulnerability status are mentioned in Table 3.3.

Table 3.3- Vulnerability Status of PAPs

S. No. Vulnerability Number (Without Double Count)1 WHH 242 Scheduled Caste 733 BPL 67

Total 164

3.1.3 Type of Affected StructuresAll the structures affected due to the project are residential. The construction typology of these affected structures as enumerated during census survey reveals that out of 229 structures, more than 84% structures are of semi-permanent structures and rest of the 35 are of temporary nature. The nature of structure is based on the type of materials used in its construction.Structures with permanent walls but temporary roof have been considered as semi-permanent structure. Details of type of structures are presented in the Table: 3.4.


S. No Category of Structure Number Percentage (%)1 Semi-Permanent 194 84.72



2 Temporary 35 15.28Total 229 100

3.2 Socio- Economic Profile of the Project Influence District

From Bihar’s total area 96163 km² Patna district occupies an area of 3,202 km². Total Urban Population of Bihar is 1, 17, 58, 016.00 in which males’ population are 62, 04,307 and females are 55, 53,709. Out of the total Patna population for 2011 census, 43.07 percent lives in urban regions of district. As per 2011 census, total population of Patna urban is 25, 14,590 of which 1,683,200 lives within the municipality boundary. Total male population in Patna is 13, 32,487 which is approximately 53 % of total urban population. Sex ratio in Patna district as per Census 2011 is 887 whereas child sex ratio is 883. Child populations (0-6) in urban region were 3, 29,592 of which males and females were 1, 75,005 and 1, 54,587. This child population figure of Patna district is 13.11 % of total urban population.

Table 3.1 Demographic Parameters

Indicators Bihar Urban Patna UrbanMale Female Male Female

Population 6204307 5553709 1332487 1182103Sex ratio 895 887

Average literacy rate in Bihar is 76.86% which males and females are 82.56% and 61.95%. In Patna district as per census 2011 literacy rate is 80.98 % of which males and females are 85.75 % and 75.59 % literates respectively. In actual number 1769307 people are literate in urban region of which males and females are 992574 and 776733 respectively.

Average literacy rate in Patna district as per census 2011 is 82.40 % of which males and females are 87.71 % and 81.33 % literates respectively. In actual number 1,810,338 people are literate in urban region of which males and females are 1,008,475 and 801,863 respectively.

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Patna one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). Agricultural products include: Paddy, Maize, Pulses and Wheat and also oil seeds. Roughly one third of the area sown is under rice (paddy). Cash crops such as vegetables and water-melons



are also grown in Diara belt. Major industries include leather, handicrafts, and agro processing.

Though the human development indicators i.e., literacy, sex ratio, etc. have improved over past decade however income and poverty profile has not changed much due to natural resource degradation and natural calamities.

3.3 Socio - Economic Profile of the Project Affected Persons

The socio-economic profile of the likely Project Affected Households has been prepared based on the data generated by the primary survey conducted in August 2013. The information was collected by administering the census and socio-economic survey questionnaire to the head of the household or any other adult member of the household. The outcome of this survey provided an insight in to the socio-economic condition of these PAHs, their priorities, expectations and apprehensions. The objectives of the census survey were to prepare the list of the project affected households and also assess the extent of impacts. The survey was conducted by engaging a team of surveyors recruited locally.

3.3.1 Project Affected Households &Persons

A total of 229 households comprising of 1103 project affected persons will be impacted along the river because of the proposed ghatdevelopment. The sex ratio of the affected persons is 841 females per 1000 males which is lower as compared to district level data.The composition of the population was slightly tilted in the favors of males at 54.31% as compared to 45.69% females. The average family size of the project affected households works out to be 4.8. As per the findings of the socio-economic survey, 100% project affected households are from Hindu religion.

3.3.2 Social Category of affected households

Social category of project affected households as presented in Table 3.4 reveals thatother backward castes (OBCs) are the largest caste group (54.14%) of the total project affected households followed by scheduled castes constituting 42.79% approximately 43% of the total project affected households.

Table 3.5 – Social Category of Affected Households

PAPs details Social Stratification Average (%)SC 98 42.79OBC 124 54.14General 3 0.01

Total 229 100.00



3.3.3 Literacy Level

As per the findings of the survey over half of the project affected persons (PAPs) are illiterate. This high illiteracy level attributed to the lack of awareness and poor social infrastructure. Out of the total affected population, about one fourth has achieved primary level of education. Less than 4% of the population has even achieved high school level of education. The literacy level of PAPs are presented in the Table: 3.6

Table 3.6 - Literacy level of PAPs

SL. No Literacy Level of PAPs Adult Children Total

%age1 Illiterate 532 41 573 51.952 Primary Schooling 42 221 263 23.843 Upper Primary Schooling 18 204 222 20.134 High School 43 0 43 3.905 Graduate 2 0 2 0.18

Total 637 466 1103 100.00

3.3.4 Marital Status of PAPs

As per socio-economic survey among adult population, 197 (86.03%) persons are married while 8 (3.49%) persons are unmarried and 10.48 % are widows. Marital status of PAPs is presented in Table 3.7.

Table 3.7 - Marital Status of PAPs

SL. No Marital Status Adult Male Adult Female Total %age1 Married 196 201 397 62.322 Unmarried 131 82 213 33.443 Widowed 3 24 27 4.24

Total 330 307 637 100.00

3.3.5 Employment Status of Head of the Household

Employment status of head of the households reveals that 72.05% of PAPs are regular wage labourersand 10.9% are engaged in piggery and dairy. Among employed 4.8 % are employed throughout the year. Occupational profile of head of the households is given in Table 3.7. It may be observed that majority (95%) of the regular wages PAPs are engaged in contract labor, vendor, rickshaw puller etc.

Table 3.8- Occupational Profile of Head of the Households

Sl. No. Occupation No. of Head of Percentage (%)



Households1 Boat Man 5 2.182 Cattle Rearing 25 10.913 Driver 1 0.444 Fish Vendor 2 0.885 Rickshaw Puller 1 0.446 Service 11 4.807 Sweeper 17 7.428 Vendor 2 0.889 Wage labor 165 72.05

TOTAL 229 100

3.3.6 Income Level of Households

As per socio-economic survey income level of households is quite is low. Little over 22% PAPs earns less than Rs. 3000/- per month. Over three fifth of the PAPs earnbetween 3000 and5000 per month. Only about 3% of PAPs earn more than Rs. 10000/- per month. Broadly it may be inferred that there is one earning person per households.



Table 3.9: Income Level

Sl. No. Income level Number Percentage (%)1 Up to 3000 51 22.272 3000 to 5000 143 62.453 5000 to 8000 17 7.424 8000 to 10000 11 4.806 More than 10000 7 3.06

Total 229 100

3.3.7 Possession of Material Assets of Households

The possession of durable consumer items by the households is given in the table 3.10. Fan, mobile phone and television are the assets possessed by large number of households.

Table 3.10 - Details of Possession of Material

Sl. No.

Item Possession %age1 Electric fan 79 34.502 Mobile phone 37 16.163 TV 27 11.794 Cycles 2 0.875 Rickshaw 1 0.446 Thela 2 0.877 Boat 5 2.18

3.3.8 Livestock Possession of HHs

Livestock data were collected during the survey. All livestock reported is owned by many project affected households. Majority of the habitations have livestock. Breakup of livestock is mentioned in Table 3.10.

Table 3.11– Livestock

S. No. Livestock Number %Age1 Cow 17 30.912 Buffaloes 24 43.643 Goat 5 9.094 Pig 9 16.36

Total 55 100



Chapter 4: Public Consultation

4.1 Introduction

Consultation is a process in the project cycle in which an attempt is made to involve the public as stakeholders in project preparation through consultation and focus group discussion meetings. Stakeholders’ participation and consultation have been viewed as a continual course of action, which promote public understanding and help eradicate hurdles in the way of the project. Consultation during project preparation as an integral part of the social assessment process not only minimizes the risks and unwanted propaganda against the project but also removes the gap between the community and the project formulators, which leads to timely completion of the project and making the project people friendly.

4.2 Methods of Public Consultation

Keeping in mind the objective of minimizing adverse impact and the need of the stakeholders’ participation for the smooth implementation of the project, consultation with the members of different sections of society, the affected people, identified as vulnerable groups including women headed households, slum dwellers regular Ghat visitors, venders, boatman, vegetable seller, tourist and students of the project area were carried out. The consultation with vulnerable people was made with the aim of building awareness among them so that likely potential adverse impacts of the project on the target vulnerable population may be minimized. In this regard several meetings were organized at various locations, as detailed in this chapter. Consultations were carried at different level (Table 5.1) to elicit required information (their view & opinions).

Table 4.1: Levels of Consultations

Key Stakeholders Types of ConsultationsLocal communities Individual interview, field level

observations, community consultations & meetings

Individual affected households Census & Socio – economic SurveyTourists & Students Focus Group Discussions

Other vulnerable groups (SC, OBC etc.) Focus Group DiscussionsFisher man and Boat mans Focus Group DiscussionsVegetable seller Focus Group DiscussionsSlum dwellers Focus Group Discussions

The main objectives of undertaking these consultations were:



To make affected persons aware of the project impacts and broad provisions of the R&R policy

Dissemination of information to build awareness among APs and inform them about the objective of the project.

Discuss about the training requirements to enhance their skills & restore the livelihood.

Table 4.2: Date of Consultations carried out

Date Place No of persons attended

Male Female

20th August 2013 T.N.BanarjeeGhat 27 24 321st August 2013 MishriGhat 23 17 622nd August 2013 MahendruGhat 11 9 223rd August 2013 BarharwaGhat&AdalatGhat 15 12 326th August 2013 Raja Ghat and GosainGhat 12 9 3

4.3 Structured Consultation with stakeholders

Consultations with both the primary and secondary stakeholders were carried out along the project corridor. The stakeholders consulted include: (i) community having their residences along the ghat, (ii) road side shop owners/vendors, (iii) ghat users, and (iv) project officials. In deciding the target groups for consultations, care was taken to have a representation of a cross section of community and ghat users. These consultations provided inputs on social issues and in identification of the felt needs of the communities.

In the project preparation support team, local enumerators were selected for field work, meeting with people. Local enumerators are selected to have similar dialect of language of PAP and enumerators. This also helped to make the participation of local people in the process of survey. Resource persons were identified in each adversely affected ghat to facilitate consultation. These resource persons informed local people about the project and project related information to the affected people. As mentioned above, consultations were held with the people living along the river in the seven ghats, who are likely to be affected. Individual consultations were also done with the PAPs during the socio-economic surveys. The summary of the issues identified during the consultations are presented below:

Relocation of displaced community members; Assistance for loss of livelihood due to the project; and Support in relocation especially to SC community majority of whom are sweepers and

therefore they expressed apprehension that they may not be entertained in the city. Government should provide them alternative housing if they are displaced.

The community also requested for post design consultations to know the impact of the project.

The signatures obtained during the public consultation meetings are attached as Appendix-3.



4.3.1 Consultation with Scheduled Caste Communities

Several scheduled caste (SC) community members participated in the consultations. The SC community was specifically consulted to in order to understand their concerns and integrate them within the RAP apart from obtaining data related to extent of adverse impacts and loss of assets (through Census Survey). The SC households along the ghat are not concentrated in a particular area/village i.e., they do not live in a specified territory. It was therefore, ensured that the ghat level consultations carried out included representatives from the SC community, who could voice their concerns and issues. A majority of them being of sweeper

community expressed their apprehension that it is difficult for them to get a house on rent because of their social status so they emphasized the need to have an alternate house in case of being displaced.Alongside the community consultations with the SC families and others, specific roles and responsibilities were identified for other stakeholders so that they can ensure a) involvement of SCs in project planning and preparation; and b) inclusion of their specific concerns within the RAP and its implementation process. Table below presents the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders for addressing the issues of SC people.

Table 4.3: Roles and Responsibilities of Different StakeholdersStakeholders Anticipated Roles of Stakeholders in Tribal areas

BUIDCO

Assist communities in relocation, in groups in their preferred location as identified by the project.Ensure appropriate disbursal of compensation for lost assets and assistances.Provide special care in grievance redressal and conflict resolution.

NGO for implementation of R&R

Ensure participation of SC and other vulnerable families in R&R activities.Assist in rehabilitation activities which would include, a) selecting appropriate training for them, and b) dovetailing Government schemes for income restoration.Provide information and support on R&R activities and grievance redressal.



4.3.2 Consultation with Women

Consultations with women were conducted with two major objectives including, a) identifying women specific issues in the project, and b) securing participation of women in project activities. At every consultation meeting, women were encouraged to participate and their views and opinions were heard. The number of women participants in each of the consultation has been given in table 4.2 above. The women participants raised several issues related to the project. The same has been documented in Table 4.4.

Table 4-2: Issues Discussed by the Women during ConsultationIssues Raised Response to the Issues Raised

Basic facility in relocation site The relocation site will have facilities required as per Government of India’s program.

Maintaining the peer groups during relocation

All the families displaced will be relocated in three locations identified by the project within 2 to 6 km range. To the extent possible households from ghat will be relocated in one place.

Employment opportunity for women. Local people will be employed in the construction activities as much as possible. Eligible women PAPs will also be provided training for skill development.

Adequate compensation for the loss of assets

Compensation will be made as per the entitlement of project affected persons/families.

4.4Stakeholder’s Roles and Responsibilities

Table 4.5 below shows the role of various stakeholders during community consultations and the expected benefits that arise due to such participation in project activities.

Table 4.5: Roles and Responsibilities Identified after Consultation

Stakeholders Roles and Responsibilities Expected Benefits for the Project

Potential ProjectAffected Persons,

Project affectedgroups,

Project AffectedCommunities,

Participate in formal and informal public meeting;Raise critical issues relevant to the project;Arriving at consensus on relocation options and speed up R&R efforts;Suggest mechanism for continued participation in project cycle;Participation in relocation measuresParticipate in grievance redressal.

Reducing bottlenecks in project implementation;Lower number of grievances and establish mechanisms to sort other grievances;Incorporation of good practices (of previous projects in project design.Community Capacity building and sense of ownership of the project

BUIDCO Participate in public meetings;Participate in community consultationsEstablish Grievance redress mechanismProvide basic amenities in relocation sitesRelocate community in a groupCoordinate with line departments

Incorporate issues of community into the project;Remove bottlenecks of resettlement during project implementation



Stakeholders Roles and Responsibilities Expected Benefits for the Project

Line DepartmentOfficials

Provide basic amenities in relocation site;Dovetailing Government schemes

Coordinated effort for timely relocation.

NGOs/CBOs Ensure public participation in project preparation and implementation;Verification of PAPs during project implementation;Participate in consultations for relocation of displaced households.Assist in smooth implementation of such relocation;Assist project for dovetailing Government schemes for income generation activities;Assist in implementation of economic rehabilitation activities;Assist in grievance redressal of PAPs.

Informed community that helps in project implementation;Community can express their opinions and preferences;Best practices would be integrated.

4.5 Information Disclosure

The information disclosure would include sharing of project related information with the PAPs and other stakeholders. The following information shall be disseminated:

For the benefit of the community in general and PAPs in particular, the RAP and R&R policy will be translated in local language and will be disclosed to PAPs in all the ghatsand would be kept in local public offices for easy access to PAPs (the entitlement matrix has already been discussed with the displaced households).

Final RAP document of the project will be hosted in the official web sites of Government of Bihar and BUIDCO (the draft version has already been disclosed) and on World Bank’s Info shop.

Key features of the entitlements will be displayed on information board in local language. BUIDCO with the help of contracted NGO will conduct information dissemination

sessions and will solicit the help of the local community/business leaders and encourage the participation of the PAPs.

Through public meetings, attempt would be made to ensure that vulnerable groups such as SC households understand the process of project preparation and their needs are addressed in the best manner possible.

BUIDCO will organize public meetings to inform the community about the payment of compensation and assistance as per their category of loss.

Regular update of implementation schedule of resettlement and rehabilitation activities of the project would be placed for public display at BUIDCO.

4.6 Mechanism for Continued Consultation

The consultation will be continued in the implementation stage. Several additional rounds of consultations with the PAPs will be done through NGO involvement during RAP implementation. These consultations will involve seeking consensus on compensation, relocation options and assistances. The other round of consultation will occur when compensation and R&R assistance is



provided and actual resettlement begins. The following set of activities will be pursued for effective implementation of RAP:

Verification and updation of PAP records; Calculation of compensation for lost assets and assistances as per the entitlement packages

and informing the PAPs the same. The NGO will organize public meetings to inform the community about the payment and assistance paid to the community. Regular update of the program of resettlement component of the project will be placed for public display at affected site

Involvement of women, SCs and other vulnerable groups during the project implementation process to ensure their participation and addressal of their needs.

The NGOs involved in the implementation of RAP will organize Public meetings, and appraise the communities about the progress in the implementation of project works.

Involve community in project progress monitoring.



Chapter 5: Mitigation Measures

5.1 Background

Development project may have an adverse impact on the income of project-affected persons. They also have a negative impact on the socio- cultural systems of affected communities. The basic postulates of all developmental activities should be that no one is worse off than before the project. Restoration of pre-project levels of income is an important part of rehabilitating socio-economic and cultural systems in affected communities.

To achieve this goal, preparation of IR programmes under Resettlement Action Plan should proceed exactly as it would have for any other economic development programme. IR schemes should be designed in consultation with the affected persons and they should explicitly approve the programme.

Basic information on IR activities of PAPs will be available from the census and socio-economic surveys. Information from base line surveys will be available on features of economic activities of PAPs under three categories, viz.

Current economic activities Total income of PAPs from various sources

5.2 Provisions in Entitlement Matrix of NGRB Project

Based on the identified impacts in the subproject, the relevant provisions in the Entitlement Matrix for PAPs of the Ganga River Front at Patna is presented in the Table 5.1

Table 5.1 Subproject Entitlement Matrix


Unit ofEntitlement

Entitlement Entitlements as per Policy

Loss of Structure by Non TitleholderLoss of structure (immovable assets constructed by squatters and encroachers)

Household Compensation at replacement cost


Squatters and encroachers will be notified and given one month time to remove their assets.

Squatters and encroachers will be entitled for:

a) No compensation for landb) Compensation for loss of

affected structural area will be paid at the replacement cost to be calculated as per latest prevailing basic schedules of



rates (BSR) without depreciation.

Shifting assistance of Rs. 10000/- for squatters.

Right to salvage material from the demolished structure for both squatters and encroachers.

Livelihood lossesSquatters (NTH)/ Agricultural laborer/ sharecropper losing primary source of income

Rehabilitation assistance

Assistance to be paid as per the prevailing MAWs for 180 days

Training would be provided for upgradation of skills to the PAPs.

Employment opportunity for PAPs in the sub project works, if available and if so desired by them.Or

National/State level job card under National Rural Employment Guarantee Program.

Licensed mobile vendors and kiosk operators

RehabilitationAssistance

Those mobile vendors in possession of a permit from local authorities to operate in the affected area will be treated as kiosks operators.

Kiosk operators and vendors licensed to operate from affected locations will be entitled to a one time lump sum assistance of Rs. 4000/-.

Other Impacts8 AdditionalAssistance tovulnerable groups

Vulnerablehouseholdsincluding BPL, SC, ST, WHH,disabled andhandicapped

Special Assistance

One time lump sum assistance of Rs. 10000/ to vulnerable households. (This will be paid above and over the other assistance(s) as per this framework)

Adverse indirectimpacts onneighborhood anddrop in land valuesdue to location oflandfill and/or STP

Community/Titleholder

Special assistance

Allocation of one percent of capital cost of the sub project cost as Neighborhood Development Fund

One time financial assistance to the immediate private land owners adjacent to the project site @ Rs 15000 per hectare to each person in the records of rights

Green belt around the landfill site and / or STP site.



Loss of communityinfrastructure/amenities

Community Special assistance

The common property resources and the community infrastructure shall be relocated in consultation with the community

Loss of access toprivate and / orcommon resourceproperty

Community/ households

Special assistance

Provide alternative access

Temporary impact during construction like disruption of normal traffic,damage to adjacent parcel of land / assets due to movement of heavy machinery and plant site

Community /Individual

Compensation The contractor shall bear the cost of any impact on structure or land due to movement of machinery during construction or establishment of construction plant

All temporary use of land to be through written approval of the landowner and contractor.

Location of Construction camps by contractors in consultation with PEA

The Project authority will ensure security and access to households in close proximity of the construction camps and that camps must be located at least 500 m from the habitation.

Any other impactnot yet identified,whether loss ofasset or livelihood

Unforeseen impacts shall be documented and mitigated based on the principles agreed upon in this policy framework.

5.3 Basic Provision for Relocation

BUIDCO will provide adequate and appropriate replacement of structures or cash compensation at full replacement cost for lost structures, adequate compensation for affected structures, and relocation assistance according to the Entitlement Matrix. The entitlements to the non-titleholders will be given only if they occupied the land or structures in the project area prior to the cut-off date i.e. the date of project census survey 25.08.13.

The physically displaced persons opted for relocation by the PEA will be eligible for the following:

(i) better housing at resettlement sites with comparable access to employment and production opportunities

(ii) secured tenure to relocated house (iii) shifting assistance



(iv) civic infrastructure and community services as required

The physically displaced persons opted for self-relocation will be eligible for the following:

(i) Cash compensation at full replacement cost which should be less than the amount specified by Rajiv AwasYojana(housing scheme) under JNNURM.

(ii) Transitional support and development assistance(iii) Shifting assistance (iv) Opportunities to derive appropriate development benefits from the project link

to other development schemes.

5.2 Physical Displacement and Relocation in the Subproject

Since all the 229 PAPs affected under the subproject are of residential type and being physically displaced. These non-titleholder PAPs are settled on government land and need relocation as the proposed subproject components require clearance of those land for construction.

5.2.1 Relocation Option by PAPs

To understand and know the relocation options, PAPs were consulted during the census survey and out of 229 households losing residential structures, 25 households have opted for the self-relocation and rest of the 204 households opted for relocation by BUIDCO. Details of relocation option are given in Table 5.2.

Table 5.2: Relocation Option by PAPs

Sl. No. Relocation Options No. of Households1 Self Relocation 312 Relocation by the Project 204

Total 229

5.2.2 Relocation Strategy for PAPs Opted for Project Based Relocation

The PEA i.e. BUDICOwill relocate the PAPs by providing better dwellings to the PAPs under its ongoing housing scheme. BUIDCO is presently implementing Basic Services for Urban Poor (BSUP) in which,it is constructing 6000 dwelling units at three locations in Patna. The locations identified are as under

1. Udramapur (within 2 kilometers from the subproject site)2. Shastri Nagar (within 8 kilometers from the subproject site)3. Mehdiganj (within 2 kilometers from the subproject site)



The displaced households of Patna river front development project will be relocated either in Udramapur or Mehdiganj area which are within 2 km radius of the affected area. The start of construction of the proposed BSUP scheme is expected around December 2013 and the first lot of 300 dwelling units shall be completed in 12 months i.e. December 2014.BUIDCO has agreed for allotment of 1st dwelling lot to the PAPs under the subproject. The housing scheme will be constructed on government owned land and BUIDCO is in the process of obtaining NOC from various departments.

The design of the houses to be provided includes one bedroom, a living room, kitchen and toilet cum bathroom.Total carpet area of each dwelling will be between 275 square feet to 300 square feet.It will have all civic facilities.

5.2.3 Relocation Strategy for PAPs Opted for Self Relocation

To help the PAPs losing structures in getting their entitlements and relocating themselves, following relocation strategy will be adopted in the subproject:

a) The relocation site will be shown to the displaced households prior to their relocation for their approval.

b) All compensation will be paid and other resettlement entitlements will be provided before physical displacement.

c) At least one month advance notice before demolition of structure.d) PAPs will have the right over the material of their dismantled structures.e) The displaced households will be relocated in batches. To the extent possible

peer group will be maintained.f) The NGO engaged for RAP implementation will assist PAPs during

verification of assets and will provide necessary counseling on payment of compensation and assistance.

g) The NGO will assist the project authorities in ensuring a smooth transition (during the part or full relocation of the PAPs), helping the PAPs to take salvaged materials and shift.

h) In close consultation with the PAPs, the NGO will fix the shifting dates agreed with the displaced households in writing and the arrangements desired by the PAPs with respect to their entitlements.

i) The NGO will assist the PAPs in finding alternative land within the village if so desired by the PAPs.

j) No civil works will be initiated in the affected ghats unless all displaced households are relocated.

5.2.4 Relocation Schedule

The following relocation schedule will be implemented in relocating the PAPs under this subproject.



Sl. No. Relocation Task/Activities Time schedule1 Start of Construction of Relocation Colony December 20132 Notice to PAPs and consultation for their final choice October 20143 Completion of Construction of Relocation Colony December 20144 Shifting of PAPs January 2015

5.3 Income Restoration Measures as per the R&R Policy

As per the R&R Policy of the project capacity-building efforts will be made for PAFs, which aim at skill up gradation through various income generation training programmes and schemes. The R&R policy has the provision of mitigating loss of income through cash compensation and capacity building for self-employment.

5.3.1 Training Need Assessment:

One of the strategies for economic sustenance of the PAPs is to help them improve their production level or to impart new skills/upgrade skills through training. The project will have to conduct training need assessment (TNA) of PAFs. For PAPs who intend to diversify their economic activity, suitable income restoration schemes will be identified on individual basis and training need would be assessed. Besides training in scheme specific skills, general entrepreneurship development will also form part of the training programme, mainly to improve the management capabilities of EP. The Training will be organized in the plan period itself. The NGO contracted for the implementation of RAP will be assigned this task. Besides, training programs organized by other government agencies will also be availed. The past experiences have shown that roughly three-fourth of the PAPs require training. It will be the responsibility of the project to ensure that PAPs receives, training in desired trade. The NGO contracted will act as a facilitator and training will be imparted either by the government agencies or a professional and competent outside agency.

5.3.2 Inter-Agency Linkages for Income Restoration and other R&R Support

For Income restoration it is important that available skills with the PAPs is identified and further upgraded. During verification survey, NGO should specifically ask about the skill possessed other than the one related to their current occupation. NGO contracted for implementation should also conduct a survey among the PAPs with options of various skills related to the resource base of the area and available market (with proper forward and backward linkages) and accordingly selected trades for training. Based on the training, NGO will identify income-generating activities for sustainable economic opportunities. NGOs in consultation with the PAPs, project staff, district administration and other stakeholders in institutional financing and marketing federations will prepare micro-plans for IR activities.



In case of creation of alternative livelihood schemes, felt needs of the target group population will be prioritized through people’s participation. Further, these options will be tested for their viability against availability of skills, resource base of the area and available appropriate technology. Suitable alternative livelihood schemes will be chosen finally, where training on skill upgradation, capital assistance, and assistance in the form of backward-forward linkages can be provided for making these pursuits sustainable for the beneficiaries or the target groups.

A comprehensive support system to the PAPs will ensure income security. The project will workas a facilitator to the people in the enterprise (but will not act as providers for each and every livelihood opportunity). The PAPs are required to participate in developing feasible long- term income generating schemes. The long- term options are expected to be developed during the implementation of the RAP and also supported by the government assistance.

5.3.3 Short Term IR activities

Short term IR activities mean restoring PAPs’ income during periods immediately before and after relocation. Such activities will focus on the following:

Ensuring that adequate compensation is paid before relocation Providing short term, welfare based grants and allowances such as: Free or subsidized items Transitional allowances or grants until adequate income is generated, special

allowances for vulnerable groups With consideration of PAPs skills and needs, promoting PAP access to project

related employment opportunities such as: Work on relocation teams (e.g., driver, food provision, etc.)

5.3.4 Long Term IR Schemes

The long term IR schemes are listed below:

Petty Traders

Under this scheme, the available options are grocery shop, vegetable & fruit shop, stationary, cloth, tea & snacks, ready-made garments, beetle shop etc. PAPs those who are already in the trade and business are suitable for these activities. Implementing NGO will have to decide on type of shops to be established as per demand.

Skill related Schemes

The options available under this scheme are tailoring, carpentry, masonry, mobile repair, computer operator, beautician, motor winding, cycle/motor cycle/auto repair, driving (auto/Matador/etc.), Television/Tape records/Watch repairing, Pottery, Leather works, etc. PAPs those who are in such trades can undergo training for skill upgradation to



supplement their annual income. Industrial Training Institutes imparts training in such trades. Training can also be imparted through professional and competent outside agency especially hired for the purpose.

The implementation of above-mentioned activities requires organisation of credit camps. Extending financial credit support is an important component of IR schemes. Local government officials, NGOs and PAP representatives apart from project officials, will attend these camps. The purpose of the camps would be to allow local financial institutions to inform participants of credit options and how to avoid procedural delays. All formalities related to processing of applications for credit assistance will be completed at these camps. For these kinds of camps project staff along with NGO, will have to coordinate closely with the Lead Bank managers and other commercial banks operating in the district.

5.4 The Action Plan

Vocational training programs would be taken up for the PAPs and the necessary training would be imparted to them. These training programs would be given by the NGOs appointed under the project. For vulnerable PAPS, the NGO will also assist the PAPs in receiving assistance as per the R&R Policy and also through the Government schemes specifically meant for the development and welfare of the SC community in coordination with the BUIDCO. The Government schemes are implemented by different state departments.

Eligibility: The selection of eligible PAPs for training will be based on several conditions. The PAPs above the age of 18 years and below the age of 35 years would be considered as prospective candidates. Training on repair work of various electronic and mechanical goods would be imparted to male PAPs who are educated above class 8. Training on tailoring, cane and bamboo handicrafts, pottery, hair cutting would be imparted to male PAPs who are educated till class 8 or below. Again training on beautician courses, weaving etc would be imparted to female PAPs who are educated till class 8 or below.

The educational qualifications for the training programmes have been indicated here as they are mandatory to get enrolled in any of the recognized institutions. If the PAPs are interested to select outside the identified institutions, the NGO will facilitate them.

The NGOs implementing the R&R will assess the training needs of the PAPs and arrange for the training in consultations with the PAPs and BUIDCO. The NGO will finalise the list of PAPs willing to get training and submit for the approval of BUIDCO. The payment for the training will be made by the BUIDCO to the institutes as recommended by the NGO.

Time frame: The training in new avocation will be imparted prior to displacement of the households. NGO will carry out training need assessment within three months of its appointment. The identification of master trainer / training institute will take another three months. The training depending upon the trade selected will take two weeks to four weeks. The training will include provision of toolkits depending upon the trade selected. The entire training including distributing of toolkit will be completed prior to December 2014.



5.5 Monitoring of IR Schemes

The internal monitoring of income restoration plan implementation will be carried out by BUIDCO along with the partner NGO. The external monitoring of IR schemes will be carried out along with the monitoring of other components of RAP by an outside agency contracted for the purpose. The contract will specifically provide for regular (every six months) monitoring of income restoration of PAPs. The monitoring will be carried out based on economic indicators. Vulnerable PAPs who lose their livelihood due to the project will be assisted in alternative economic rehabilitation schemes and vocational training for skill up gradation as per the requirement of suggested economic scheme.



Chapter 6: Gender Action Plan

6.1 Introduction

Though women comprise half of the total population, gender discrimination still prevails in the society. Status of women in India and in Bihar with regards to their access to knowledge, economic resources, political power, and personal autonomy in decision making is quite low. Daughters lose rights over parental property after marriage. Women still lack access to and control over productive resources. Women in all social groups and regions have been proven as more disadvantaged than their male counterpart and even among women widows, separated, divorced and women headed households are particularly vulnerable. Similarly, women in all groups due to their limited access to economic resources and livelihood options can equally be classified as vulnerable who are at permanent risk for facing severe poverty. Over twenty five percent of the total women are in labour force, but the economic contribution of women goes largely unnoticed because their traditional role is taken for granted. In urban areas, they were employed in domestic and traditional jobs, as well as in the government sector, mostly in low-level positions.

One tangible measure of women's status was their educational attainment. Although the constitution offers women equal educational opportunities, many social, economic, and cultural factors contributed to lower enrollment and higher dropout rates for girls. Illiteracy imposed the greatest hindrance to enhancing equal opportunity and status for women. They were caught in a vicious circle imposed by the patriarchal society. Their lower status hindered their education, and the lack of education, in turn, constricted their status and position. Although the female literacy rate has improved noticeably over the years, the level in the early 1990s fell far short of the male level.

Even in the project area, almost 50 percent of the population is women. The baseline survey shows 24 women headed households. With poor literacy rate, women heads of the households though gainfully engaged in economic activities are largely poor as most of them are daily wage labourers in farm and non-farm activities.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

6.1.



6.1.1. Women Participation in the Project

Since women are located in different households, castes, communities and regions and are bound by distinct rituals, practices and structures of power, they rarely view themselves as a group with similar demands and needs. They are often governed by decisions that others take on their behalf which are unquestioningly followed. Little over one third of the married women in India participate in decision making at the household level. As the analysis above indicates that women play an important role in the society, yet they have a very low status in the society coupled with little control over household resources; considerable health hazard; and poverty. It has been recognized therefore that any sub project developed as part of the NGRBA programme should address and integrate such gender issues and inequalities.

6.1.2 Impact on Women and Other Vulnerable Groups

Women and marginalized vulnerable groups may have to face additional challenge of running a household on limited income and resources. This may force women as well as children to participate in involuntary work to supplement household income, which may also lead to deteriorate social capital/network of women and men alike hence making them more vulnerable to both social and environmental hazards. It is therefore important to assess status of project affected women and other vulnerable groups, their potential impacts, and accordingly, design an appropriate strategy/plan.

6.1.3 Women Headed Households

Total 229 numbers of PAFs has been identified during the survey out of which 24 female headed household will be affected by the project. Women’s status in illiteracy, work force participation rate, general health conditions etc. are found to very backward in project area.

6.1.4 Women’s Employment Status

Despite the majority of women being in economically active age range, their actual participation in economic activities is almost negligible. A majority of them are daily wage earner as presented in the Table 3.11.

Table 6.1- Details of Employment Status of Women

S. No Occupation Number %1 Cattle Rearing 1 2.562 Service 1 2.563 Sweeper 5 12.824 Wage labor 32 82.05

Total 39 100



6.2 Gender Consultations

During consultation the female investigators interacted with the women residing in the affected area on the issues of their living, health care civic amenities. Since all are squatters they do not have any access for civic amenities and have serious problems when the water of Ganges rises and they have to leave the area. They do not have any civic amenity facilities. Those who are working as cleaner either as casual labours with the Contractors do not have any facilities at work place too. There is no provision of toilets or bath room where they live. There are few Ghats where such facilities have been developed, however, such facilities are not sufficient for the people residing there.

6.2.1 Women’s Involvement in the Project

The development experience shows that it is equally necessary to consult women and offer them choices in enabling them to make informed choices and decide for their own development. Participation of women has been envisaged specifically in the following areas:

Table 6.2: Women’s Participation in Project

Key Indicators Steps taken by projectRepresentation and presence of women from different socio-economic groups in all meetings

All meetings that took place, has representation of women. The meetings/consultations are organized at a time when women find it convenient to attend, so that maximum participation can be ensured.

Venue for meetings is based on discussions with the women so they can feel free and uninhibited in their discussions.

The meeting venue was generally selected by the participants. The meetings took place within the affected Ghats.

Women facilitators or work through women’s groups or networks—formal or informal.

Women Investigators were engaged for survey and FGD

Women’s involvement in preparation and review of social documents.

The RAP will be disclosed in a mixed group as well as separately for men and women members. The women specific activities to be carried out were finalized in consultation with women members.

Ensure women’s involvement and participation in implementation and monitoring.

In order to preempt situations where women are mere tokens in decision-making processes, women are being encouraged to participate in prioritization of activities and monitoring of their implementation.For monitoring and evaluation, there will be scope for women's participation. Monitoring of project inputs concerning benefit to women should invite their participation that will make the process more transparent to them. Women will be encouraged to evaluate the project outputs from their point of view



and their useful suggestions should be noted for taking necessary actions for further modifications in the project creating better and congenial situation for increasing participation from women.

Inclusion of women in the socio-economic survey?

Gender–disaggregated data for each household was collected including;

ownership and use of resources; decision making regarding finance and resource

use; women’s formal and informal income-earning

activities; extent of women’s dependence on river for day to

day living, livestock, home garden, etc; and Women’s skills.

Income-restoration programs to address gender issues

During social impact assessment survey, existing levels of women’s skills and their occupation were assessed.Women's participation will be initiated through Self-Help Group formation for interested women participants. Special orientation meetings will be arranged with the women members to help form self- help groups. Training will be provided to the SHG groups along with the exposure visits. The NGO during implementation will also explore the opportunities for augmenting existing income.

6.2.2 Involvement of Women in Construction Activities

The construction contractor will set up their construction camps on identified locations where labor force required for the construction activities will be provide with temporary residential accommodation and other necessary infrastructure facilities. The labor force required for the construction activities will be mostly of high-skill nature since a lot of machine work will be involved in the project. In addition, there will be requirement of unskilled labor where women will certainly contribute. Apart from this, women as family members of the skilled and semi-skilled laborers will also stay in the construction camps and will be indirectly involved during the construction phase.

The families of labor will include their children also. The construction contractor is expected to bring along their labor force. Thus, in most cases the laborers, both male and female, will be migratory laborers. But, the involvement of local labor force, especially for unskilled activities cannot be fully ruled out. Hence, there will be involvement of local women also in the local labor force. Foreseeing the involvement of women both directly and indirectly in the construction activities, certain measures are required to be taken towards welfare and wellbeing of women and children in particular during the construction phase.



6.2.3 Specific Provision for Women in the Construction Camp

It needs to be pointed out that number of along with the male member of the family may engaged in the construction work and stay in temporary construction camps in a sub-human condition. They are likely to face many adverse conditions and realizing this, a number of welfare provisions mentioned under this section have been planned directed to cover all the women and children living in the construction camp.

Temporary Housing

During the construction work phase, the families of laborers/workers should be provided with residential accommodation suitable to nuclear families.

Health Centre

Health problems of the workers should be taken care of by providing basic health-care' facilities through health centers temporarily set up for the construction camp. The health centre should have at least a visiting doctor, nurses, general duty staff, free medicines and minimum medical facilities to tackle first-aid requirements or minor accidental cases, linkage with nearest higher order hospital to refer patients of major illnesses and critical cases. Apart from this, the health centre should be provided with regular vaccinations required for children.

Day Crèche Facilities

It is expected that among the women workers there will be mothers with infants and small children. Provision of a day crèche may solve the problems of such women who can leave behind their children in such crèche and work for the day in the construction activities. The crèche should be provided with at least a trained worker to look after the children. The worker, preferably women, may take care of the children in a better way. In cases of emergency, she, being trained, can tackle the health problems of the children and can organize treatment linking the nearest health centre.

Proper Scheduling of Construction Works

Owing to the demand of a fast construction work it is expected that a 24 hours long work schedule would be in operation. Women should be exempted from night shifts works as far as possible.

Education Facilities

The construction workers are mainly mobile groups of people. They are found to move from one place to another taking along their families with them. Thus there is a need for educating their children at the place of their work. For this at least primary schools are



required to be planned near the construction camps. Wherever feasible, day crèche facilities could be extended with primary educational facilities.

6.2.4 Special Measures for Controlling STD and AIDS

Solitary adult males usually dominate the labor force of construction camps. They play a significant role in spreading sexually transmitted diseases. In the construction camps as well as in the neighboring areas they are found to indulge in physical relations with different women. This unhealthy sexual behavior gives rise to STDs and AIDS. While it is difficult to stop such activities, it is wise to make provisions for means of controlling the spread of such diseases. Awareness camps for the target people, both in the construction camp and neighboring villages as well, and supply of condoms at concession rate to the male workers may help to a large extent in this respect for controlling the deadly disease.

6.2.5 Possible areas of Women Involvement

The following proposals are made to involve women at various levels of the project.

Women as Managers during Implementation

The project can hire a local NGO to implement the RAP. It is proposed that NGO must fulfill the following conditions.

That the NGO must propose at least one woman as part of the key personnel. The proposed women key person shall be available to work at site for at least 50% of the duration of the contract.

That the women key persons, if selected for the contract, may be replaced during the period of contract, only with women key persons of equivalent qualifications and experience.

That the NGO will depute a 'technical/professional' team to work at the site, which will consist at least 33% of women members. Junior support personnel and administrative staff will not be considered as technical/professional.

6.2.6 Women Self-help Group (SHG)

The NGO will initiate the process of identifying the interested women for forming the SHGs. The women SHGs will be formed as per the norms formulated by the Government. To the extent possible, the SHG will be formed among the women from same ghat, but in case of number of women are less than the minimum number required for forming a group, they will be merged with women from other ghats. The skill development program and financial assistance will be distributed through the SHGs.

Small loan assistance program will be development particularly for women headed households. An agreed amount of money will be allocated as a revolving fund to provide



loans for small income generating projects. Co-ordination and links will be established with the local credit groups, cooperatives or field offices of the Lead Bank to ensure long term sustainability of the program. Besides, the following measures need to be undertaken to ensure that women's livelihoods are restored or even improved compared to what existed before project implementation.

Income generating program will be designed to ensure that women derive a reliable income by engaging in activities that are within their capacity, taking into account the availability of resources and the type of enterprises that they are already engaged in;

Capacity enhancing assistance will be provided that improve the access of women to skills training for off-farm employment such as tailoring and weaving, small goods shops; marketing - buying and selling local produce; processing of locally produced products;

Social awareness campaigns and training opportunities will be organized to increase women’s integration into social and economic mainstream; and

Project will strengthen Women’s Community based and non-governmental organizations by providing training and advisory supports once during construction period.

6.2.7 Training for Self Employment

Vocational training would be imparted to the women PAPs as provided for in the entitlement matrix. These training programs would be imparted by NGO through the existing government schemes specifically meant for the development and welfare of the women community. The training programmes given in Table 7.2 below are only an indicative list. The NGO appointed for implementation of R&R will identify preferred training areas and ascertain the interest of the women PAPs before preparing a proposal to BUIDCO for implementation of the training programme. The selection of eligible PAPs for training is done based on several conditions. Women PAPs above the age group of 18 years and below the age group of 35 years would be considered as prospective candidates. Training on beautician courses, weaving etc would be imparted to female PAPs who are educated till class 8 or below.

Table 6.3: No. of Women PAPs Eligible for Training

Sl. No

Details

Eligibility of Beneficiaries

Dur

atio

n

Age

in Y

ears

Edu

catio

n

1 Training for skill up-gradation

cutting, tailoring, embroidering, weaving, handicrafts etc.

>18 &<35

Below 8th standard

30 Days

2 Food processing and preservation, Hair >18 Above 8th 30



Sl. No

Details

Eligibility of Beneficiaries

Dur

atio

n

Age

in Y

ears

Edu

catio

n

cutting, Beautician course, etc.&<35 standard Days

Grand Total

6.2.8 Addressing Gender Issues in Project Cycle

The plan seeks to address the various gender related issues through a set of activities and programs. The implementation mechanism specifying the roles of different institutional players, the indicators for further assessment and the means of verification have been specified. To make the gender development plan a time bound initiative, a time frame for implementation of each activity has also been specified.

Table6.4: Gender Issues in Project Cycle

S. No. Issue Activities Impleme

ntation Indicators

Action taken / Means of verification

Time frame

Project Planning phase1 Women in

the project area informed about the Project

Information campaign about the Project (Public Consultation, written materials, and newspapers) reaches the women/clients at all levels

Project and Consultant

Women familiar with main elements of the Project

Women consultation were carried out as mentioned in RAP

During census survey

2 Women at all levels participate in the Project planning process

Gender specialist employed in the BUIDCO

Project meets Women PAPs on regular basis

Project Office;

Number of Women consultations held

Women’s comments and suggestions are reflected in the plans and designs

Records from community meetings as annexed in RAP

Throughout the project preparation




ntation Indicators


Time frame

or they understand reasons why suggestions not incorporated.

3 Key stakeholders fully aware of important roles women play in the Project

Gender awareness / sensitization of key stakeholders

Qualified women employed in NGO

Project and Consultant

Gender Action plan prepared

Women staff in NGO survey team as part of the NGO’s terms of reference

Project Implementation phase

1

Women participate in management and monitoring of implementation and are equal partners in solving issues

Information desks at Project office with information on; contractor, persons responsible for supervision, those responsible in Project, work schedule, and where to raise issues.

Project, NGO, M&E Consultant, Construction Supervision Consultants

Women members in NGO team, M&E team and CSC team.

Number of women participating in consultations

NGO’s progress report,

M&E report,CSC progress report

Feed-back through local community

Starts at the beginning of rehabilitation and continues through the implementation Phase

2 Assessment of socio-economic impacts

Develop simple monitoring format based on the household survey

Gather gender disaggregated

Project and NGO

Number of women given employment opportunities

Number of women specific SHGs formed.

Impact assessment reports by M&E, NGO progress report

Baseline prior to implementation.

Subsequent assessments at agreed




ntation Indicators


Time frame

information on Project impacts

Number of women trained in income generation activities

intervals

After Completion of Project

1

Assessment of socio-economic impacts

Gather gender disaggregated information on Project impacts

Project and NGO.

Number of active SHGs

Number of women engaged in economically productive activities

Increase in annual income of WHH

Increase in households assets of WHH

Impact assessment reports by M&E, NGO’s withdrawal report

Final impact assessment after Project completion

6.3 Role of NGO

The NGO appointed for the implementation of R&R for the project will be responsible for the following activities specific to gender development. The ToR issued for the NGO for implementing the RAP will include the following activities in their scope of work:

Identify the roles of women PAPs and their roles and opportunities in the project; Forming SHGs among the women PAPs; Prepare the skill development programmes for women PAPs for their education, income

generation and knowledge development; Identify the institutions involved in women development schemes; Implement Gender Development Plan; Develop monitoring and evaluation system for the gender development activities; Communication between women SHG and the local bodies and other government

agencies for getting the help of existing programmes; Provide support for getting loan from financial institutions; and



Preparing a periodical report on activities undertaken for the welfare of women



Chapter 7: Institutional Arrangements

7.1 Institutional Setup for RAP Implementation

Within the overall implementation Guideline of the NGRBA program, RAP will be implemented by the executing agency under the overall guidance of Social officer of SPMG. A Social Development Officer will be appointed for managing social issues (including safeguards issues) at both central level as well as in each of the project states. These officers will assist the EAs in implementation of RAP provisions.

As per the R&R Policy of the project, state government will appoint the District Magistrate of Patna as Administrator for Resettlement and Rehabilitation for the project The resettlement and rehabilitation works are to be carried out under his directions and guidance. He will be assisted by officers and employees as the appropriate government may provide. The roles and responsibilities of the Administrator include the following.

Oversee the disbursement of compensation for houses Coordinate implementation of Resettlement plans with BUIDCO Assist BUIDCO in coordination with other line departments responsible for

providing basic amenities in resettlement sites Ensure consultation with the project affected persons Ensure the interest of adversely affected PAFs of STs and weaker sections Oversee verification and approval of PAFs eligible for various entitlements Oversee relocation of displaced households Issuance of individual certificates to the those loosing houses Review the implementation of RAP and income restoration works

In BUIDCO, an officer will be designated as Social Officer who will be responsible for the implementation of RAP with the assistance and participation of the NGO. This officer will also be responsible for co-ordination among different agencies, such as the district administration and other line departments. The officer will represent BUIDCO in meetings organized by the SPMG for providing information on the progress of RAP implementation. The specific role of Social officer of EA will be:

Coordinate the implementation process with the assistance of NGO Coordination and close interaction with the state authorities during the

preparation and implementation of the RAP. Conduct constant dialogue and regular meetings with the concerned State

Authorities during the implementation Participate in issues concerning with PAFs Coordinate the RAP implementation with the displaced community



Monthly review and Monitoring of the implementation process and incorporation of corrective measures if required

Assist PAPs in registering of their grievances Convene meetings of grievance redress cell on regular basis and represent

PAPs in the meeting Function till the completion of implementation of RAP, preparation and

submission of ICR and evaluation of the implemented RAP.

To ensure that the affected persons are meaningfully consulted and provided opportunities to participate in the planning and implementation process of the rehabilitation program and in order to suitably accommodate their inputs and make the project more participatory in nature and broad based in its scope a community level institution will be established. The institution will have representatives from displaced households. The roles and responsibilities of this group include:

Represent the displaced households in consultation and participation process Identify the activities to be taken up in terms of improving the accessibility and

availability of basic infrastructure facilities in the resettlement colony such as roads, drinking water, health, education, sanitation etc.

Coordinate with the NGO and participate in the verification and up-gradation of the rehabilitation action plan

Coordinate with the NGO for identification of income generation schemes for the PAFs,

Monitor the disbursement and utilization of the of the R&R assistances Represent the grievances of the PAFs to the appropriate body for suitable

remedial measures Conduct monthly review meetings on the progress of RAP implementation

This Committee will be supported by the NGOs and also the Social Officer by way of giving them guidance in preparation of their development plans and others.

7.1.1 NGOs

For the implementation of the RAP a local Non-Government Organization (NGO) will be engaged. The NGO will implement the RAP in coordination with the Social Officer of BUIDCO and Displaced Community. The NGO will carry out consultation with the affected community; verification of affected families and will prepare micro plans. The other activities to be carried out by the NGO includes preparation and distribution of identify cards for every individual PAF, opening of joint bank accounts, disbursement of assistance, counsel for the productive use of assistance amounts, monitor the use of assistance amounts, planning for relocation of displaced households, allotment of houses, and coordinate the entire shifting process. The role of NGO in resettlement and rehabilitation relates to human aspects and economic rehabilitation requires human



resources development consisting of education, training, awareness creation, coordinating between implementing agencies etc. specifically, the tasks of the NGO will be to:

Develop rapport with PAFs and between PAFs and Project staff Verification of PAFs Consultations with the local community during the implementation of the RAP Preparation of micro plan and assist the PAFs in receiving the rehabilitation

assistance Motivate and guide PAP for productive utilization of the compensation and

assistance amounts Assist the PAFs in getting benefits from the appropriate local development

schemes Assist BUIDCO in Planning for relocation of displaced households, allotment

of houses, and coordinate the entire shifting process Forward the grievances of the PAFs to the grievance redressal mechanism Assess the level of skills and efficiency in pursuing economic activities,

identify needs for training and organize training programs Participate in the monthly review meetings with the Social Officer and

Displaced community Carry out other responsibilities as required from time to time

Selection of NGO: It is extremely important for successful implementation of RAP to select a genuine and capable NGO committed to the tasks assigned. Key quality criteria include:

Experience in direct implementation of programs in local, similar conditions; Availability of trained staff capable of including vulnerable community into their

programs; Competence, transparency and accountability based on neutral evaluations, internal

reports, and audited accounts; and Integrity to represent vulnerable groups against abuses; experience in representing

vulnerable groups, demonstrable mandate to represent local groups. Should have a clearer understanding to gender and poverty relations within the community

and have the ability to pay particular attention to the social and economic needs of women and other vulnerable community.

The NGO will be involved through mutually agreed terms and conditions with specific responsibilities and in-built accountability. A contract will be signed with the NGO indicating the tasks to be performed and the amount to be paid for their services. The payment to the NGO will be linked to performance of the tasks assigned and the time period. Their payment will be arranged as given in the ToR in Annexure VThe NGO will submit a monthly progress report. The monitoring and evaluation will also include the performance of the contracted NGO.

The Table below summarizes the role and responsibilities of various players in implementation of RAP



Table 7.1: Roles and Responsibilities

Levels Roles and ResponsibilitiesNMCGSocial Specialist

Provide policy guidance to the state level counterpartsMonitoring R&R and relocation process. Liaison with state administration for implementation of RAP; Participate in state level meetings Finalize TOR of contracting NGO for implementation and external agency for monitoring and evaluation Prepare training schedule for state and project level social development officials for capacity building to implement the RAP; Prepare TOR for any studies required and qualitative dimensions to the implementation of RAP; Facilitate appointment of consultants to carry out the studies and co-ordinate them.Monitor physical and financial progress on implementation of RAP;

SPMG – Social Development Officer

Co-ordinate with district administration and NGO responsible for implementation of RAP; Translation of R&R policy in local language and ensure dissemination at state; district and community level - prepare pamphlets on policy for information disseminationCoordinate with the state and district level officials for implementation of RAP; Liaison with district administration for dovetailing of government schemes for Income Restoration SchemesMonitor physical and financial progress of implementation of RAP, Participate in the project level meetingsReport progress, highlighting social issues not addressed, to provide for mid-course correction,Coordinate training of project level staff with agencies involved.Organise by-monthly meetings with NGO to review the progress of R&R and gender actions

BUIDCO Disclosure of RAP and entitlements and also ensure that copies are made available to the PAPs;Coordinate with local official for relocation of displaced householdsDissemination of Project Information at various stages of project as envisaged in the RAP Ensure community involvement in every stage of the sub projectDocumentation and disclosure of consultations Shall be first level of grievance redressal and will guide PAPs further to redress their grievances Ensure disbarment of compensation and / or entitlements as per schedule



Levels Roles and ResponsibilitiesResponsible for addressal of additional unforeseen impacts during construction Ensuring incorporation of social issues in DPRs Supervising the RAP tasks during implementation & its progressCollect data pertaining to the evaluation and monitoring indicatorsWill prepare monthly progress report and quarterly process documentation report

Social Specialist of Supervision Consultants

Ensure social screening of investments; Implement the agreed social mitigation measures; Ensure compliance of national and other applicable laws and Acts pertaining to social, Sensitize and help build capacity of the BUIDCO officials towards the implementation of the RAP provisions.Assist Social Officer of BUIDCO in preparing monthly progress and quarterly process documentation reports

NGO Conduct the verification for the affected families and update the census and socio-economic dataDevelop rapport with PAPs and between PAPs and BUIDCO Design and carry out information campaign and consultations with the local community during the implementation of the RAP, Provide information to PAPs and local community and conduct awareness on R&R Policy and distribute the policy to the affected familiesAssist BUIDCO in Planning for relocation of displaced households, allotment of houses, and coordinate the entire shifting process Prepare and submit the micro plans for the PAPsAssist the PAPs in receiving the compensation and rehabilitation assistanceMotivate and guide PAP for productive utilization of the compensation and assistance amountAssess the level of skills and efficiency in pursuing economic activities, identify needs for training and organize training programAssist PAPs in approaching the grievance redressal mechanismAssist the PAPs in getting benefits from the appropriate local development schemes Prepare monthly progress reports and participate in monthly review meetings Participate in the training program for capacity buildingCarry out other responsibilities as required from time to time



7.2 Institutional Arrangement for Monitoring and Evaluation

The project authority will be responsible for carrying out M&E. Internal monitoring will be carried out by the Social Officer of BUIDCO with assistance from Social Officer and NGO whereas external monitoring and evaluation will be carried by a third party. The intuitional arrangement for external monitoring and evaluation will be followed as mentioned in agreed ESMF. It will engage services of an external agency (third party) to carry out monitoring and evaluation. This will help monitor project activities closely. Regular monitoring by undertaking site visits will help identify potential difficulties and problems faced in the project implementation and subsequently help take timely corrective measures including deviations, if needed.

Monitoring will start as soon as the NGO is mobilized at site for implementation of RAP. Components of monitoring will include performance monitoring i.e., physical progress of the work such as construction of houses in relocation site, provision of basic amenities, relocation of displaced households, etc. and impact monitoring and external evaluation. Indicators that would be monitored related to performance are provided in the following sections. However, if during the project implementation some other indicators are found relevant those shall be included.

7.2.1 Internal Monitoring

The project is responsible for internal monitoring on regular basis with the help of Social Officer of BUIDCO and Social Specialist of supervision consultant. A quarterly report of internal monitoring will be prepared by Social Officer. BUIDCO will maintain a record of all transaction in their resettlement database, followed by entitlement records signed by the affected persons and survey based monitoring of resettlement progress. The internal monitoring will also provide feedback on community concerns, grievances and requests. Internal monitoring will focus and ensure the followings:

Verification that there are no outstanding or unresolved issues with respect to the project and that property valuation and economic rehabilitation in accordance with the provision of plan,

Information campaign, discrimination and consultation with affected persons,

Status of relocation and timely disbursement of R&R assistance,

Value of entitlement received equal to that of actual structure acquired,

Use of entitlement and monitor its use,

Compensation for affected structures and other assets,

Payments for loss of income,

Relocation of affected persons and supports provided,



Implementation of economic rehabilitation and income restoration measures as per the entitlement matrix,

Effective operation of the Grievance Redress Committees detailing out number of complaints received and those resolved; reasons for not being able to resolve the grievance and status of unresolved grievances, and

Funds for implementing economic rehabilitation activities as timely manner and sufficient for the purposes and spent in accordance with the plan.

Table 7.2: Frameworks for Internal Monitoring

Type Indicators Issue Procedure Timing Responsibility

Proc

ess l

evel

mon

itorin

g

RAP implementa

tion

Employment of local labor including women

Site observation, attendance record, interaction with laborers and contractors

Monthly BUIDCO /NGO

Campsite management including lodging arrangement and campsite facilities

Site observation, interaction with laborers, contractors

Monthly BUIDCO /NGO

Use of health and safety measures


Quarterly BUIDCO / NGO

Temporary leasing of private land and house

Site observation, contractors, check contract agreement

Monthly BUIDCO / NGO

Discrimination of wage rate between male and female workers

Interaction with laborers, labor survey, record of wage payment

Monthly BUIDCO / NGO / SPMG

Development of new settlements/slum along the river

Observation, recording of sites, photograph

Quarterly BUIDCO / NGO /SPMG

Incidence of communicable diseases like respiratory, STD, HIV/AIDS etc.

Discuss with local people, health workers/ health post/ center records

Annually BUIDCO / NGO /SPMG



Type Indicators Issue Procedure Timing Responsibility

Impa

ct le

vel

Change in household

level income and economic activities

Changes in occupation,

Consultation with relocated PAPs Annually BUIDCO /

NGO

Social safety

State of social harmony and social security

Police records, consultation with relocated PAPs, NGO’s progress report, report submitted by M&E Consultants and CSC

Annually BUIDCO / NGO

Housing condition

at new relocation

site

Completed house with basic amenities

Visit the area, discuss with people, observation and photographs

Annually BUIDCO / NGO

7.2.2 External Periodic Evaluation and Concurrent Monitoring

The implementation activities will be evaluated externally during mid- term and end term through an independently appointed agency, consultant not involved with any aspects of the Project, which will also provide support to BUIDCO. BUIDCO or SPMG will hire such external agency. A survey of affected households will be undertaken to assess the degree to which the project’s resettlement objectives have been met. The socio-economic survey undertaken during RAP preparation will form a baseline data, from which many of the indicators can be measured. A survey at the end of the sub-project period will cover all PAPs and assess changes caused by the project. The aim of the sample monitoring survey will be to measure the extent to which PAPs living standards have been restored/improved.

External monitoring will also be conducted to assess the Resettlement Action Plan implementation and its impacts, verify internal monitoring and suggest adjustment of delivery mechanisms and procedures. Additional monitoring surveys of a sample of affected households will be undertaken as a part of this activity. The socio-economic baseline surveys conducted during resettlement planning will be a part of this monitoring activity. This activity will be undertaken by an external independent agency trained in monitoring and evaluation and familiar with resettlement aspect of the infrastructure development, which will provide feedback on RAP implementation. The cost needed for such procurement will be borne by the project cost.



The external monitor will review the resettlement implementation. The external monitoring involves on:

Review of RAP Implementation,

Review of internal monitoring Reports,

Review of compensation status,

Rehabilitation supports,

Relocation status,

Information disclosure,

Process and mechanism of compliance redress,

Employment status of the PAPs,

Livelihood restoration, and

Awareness in HIV/AIDS and human trafficking.

Based on the above mentioned activities the external monitor will focus on:

Evaluation of social and economic impact of relocation and economic rehabilitation of the project affected persons.

Verify the objectives of enhancement of economic condition PAPs, or at least restoration of income levels and standard of living of the affected persons.

Furnishing creative suggestions and modifications in relocation process and economic rehabilitation, if necessary.

Making ex-post evaluation to ensure all resettlement activities are properly conducted.

Verification of internal monitoring to ensure the appropriateness of activities carried out by program implementation unit in the field.

Conduct household survey of PAPs to monitor progress comparing with pre-project, pre-resettlement standard.

Evaluation of delivery system to the PAPs and assess impacts of entitlements to determine the approved resettlement action plan.

Evaluation of consultation and grievance redress procedures to identify the levels of public awareness of grievance-redressed procedures, accessed by project affected persons and households for information and rapid conflict resolution.

Evaluation of actual operations of grievance committee to assist project affected persons as required and to act as observers.



Declaration of successful implementation for summing up of activities related to entitlements, distribution and resettlement.

Recommend follow up action relating to outstanding actions required to complete achievement of objectives of the RAP and resettlement policies, additional mitigation measures for project affected persons.

Table 7.3: Frameworks for External Monitoring

Indicators Procedure Timing Responsibility

Employment of local labor including women and children

Site observation, attendance record, interaction with laborers and contractors

Annually

BUIDCO/External

Consultant

Campsite management including lodging arrangement and campsite facilities


Annually

BUIDCO/External

Consultant

Use of health and safety measures


Annually

BUIDCO/External

Consultant

Temporary leasing of private land and house

Site observation, contractors, check contract agreement

Annually

BUIDCO/External

ConsultantDiscrimination of wage rate between male and female workers

Interaction with laborers, labor survey, record of wage payment

Annually

BUIDCO/External

Consultant

Encroachment into public land

Visit the identified public land interact with local people, take photographs

Annually

BUIDCO/External

Consultant

Development of new settlements/slum along the river

Observation, recording of sites, photograph

Annually

BUIDCO/External

ConsultantIncidence of communicable diseases like respiratory, STD, HIV/AIDS etc.

Discuss with local people, health workers/ health post/ center records

Annually

BUIDCO/External

Consultant

State of social harmony and social security like alcoholism, narcotics etc.

Police records, discussion with local residents

Annually

BUIDCO/External

Consultant

Changes in the living standard of people

Interview with families, internal monitoring records, discussion with PAPs

Annually

BUIDCO/External

Consultant



Indicators Procedure Timing Responsibility

Status of relocation sites

Visit the area, discuss with people, observation and photographs

Annually

BUIDCO/External

Consultant

7.3 Grievance Redressal Cell

The NGRB project in the process of establishing integrated grievance redress mechanism (IGRM) based on use of ICT. The mechanism is still under preparation. The project however will have a project level grievance redressal cell (GRC) to address the grievances of the PAPs related to disbursement of asset compensation and resettlement. The District Magistrate (DM) of Patna in the capacity of Administrator of R&R will constitute the cell before the start of relocation process. The space for the functioning of the cell will be provided either in BUIDCO or in DM’s office.

Members of GRC: The GRC will be constituted by the DM of Patna. The GRC will have representatives of PAPs, NGO and other opinion leaders who will look into the grievance of the people. It will be chaired by a retried officer, who served as principal/judges/ DM/Additional DM, etc. The suitability of the Chairperson will be decided by the DM in consultation with BUIDCO. Apart from the nominated persons, the cell will have representative from BUIDCO as convener.

Functions of the Cell: The GRC will conduct a meeting in the first week of every month to hear the grievances from the PAPs. All the complaints will be forwarded to the concerned department/officials within 15 days from the date of receiving the complaints. The issues resolved/addressed by concerned officials within 45 days from the receipt of the complaints. All the grievances received shall be discussed by the Chairperson of the cell with DM for the necessary action.

The compliance to all the petitions shall be reviewed in each of the meeting by the chairman and the DM. In case of the grievances not addressed by the GRC, it will be escalated to the office of District Magistrate by the Chairperson / BUIDCO. The PAPs also have the option of going to SPMG or even NMCG. The Social Specialists in SPMG and NMCG are the contact persons for grievance handling. The PAPs can also approach judiciary if their grievances are not addressed at any of these levels. The grievance call shall submit a monthly report to the SPMG for the reference regarding the issues received and the cases disposed and forwarded to higher level.

The indicators for monitoring grievances are presented in Table 8.4 below.

Table 7.4: Monitoring Indicators for R&R Implementation and Grievance Redressal

Sl. No.

Monitoring Indicators R&R Action Grievance Redressal

indicators

1. Physical Progress

No. of PAHs paid compensation for acquisition of private propertiesNo. of PAHs provided R&R assistanceNo. of PAPs shifted resettlement siteNo. of tribal PAPs received livelihood assistance/trainingNo. of women PAPs received livelihood assistance/ training

No. of grievances registered at GRC

No. of project level grievances meetings

Location of GRC meetings



Sl. No.

Monitoring Indicators R&R Action Grievance Redressal

indicators

No. of PAPs expressing satisfaction at GRC resolutions in terms of judgement given; timeliness; impartiality, etc

No. of cases escalated to SPMG and NMCG

No. of court cases registered

2 Income Restoration

Reinvestment of compensation by the PAPSNo. of earning PAPs members after relocationNo. of PAPs with new employment opportunities after receiving training support from projectMonthly incomes after relocationNo. of women SHGs formed for income generation activities.No. of SC PAPs with new income opportunities.

3. Financial Progress

Compensation paid for houses including assistance towards registration charges and taxesCompensation paid for acquiring other assets from private ownerExpenditure on non- quantified impacts

4 Implementation of

Gender Development

Plan

No. of women SHG developedNo. of women PAPs and received compensation and assistanceNo. of women PAPs got employment trainingNo. of women PAPs provided jobs in the project activitiesNo. of women PAPs received loan for self employmentNo. of women PAPs participated in consultations by NGO/ BUIDCO



Chapter 8 Implementation ScheduleThis section outlines the action plan for the implementation of the R&R provisions and has been based on (i) type and extent of loss of assets, including structures identified through census and socio-economic surveys of the PAPs; (ii) eligible R&R measures as outlined in the entitlement matrix; and (iii) institutional framework for implementation of the plan including monitoring and evaluation. Based on these proposed actions, the budget for implementation of RAP has been worked out and integrated into the project costs. The details are provided in table 9.1 below.

Table 8.1: Actions for implementation of RAP

S. No

Impact category

Process to be adopted

1 Resettlement site development (residential and commercial)

Step 1 The list of eligible PAPs/PAHs will be jointly finalized by the NGO and BUIDCO.Step 2 The list of legible PAPs/PAHs will be displayed in affected ghats.Step 3 BUIDCO and NGO will re-verify the relocation site and confirm that they are suitable for relocating the PAH (BUIDCO has already carried out a survey and has identified three locations close to the affected site for relocation of displaced households).Step 4 BUIDCO will submit a request to concerned departments for transferring of the land ownership (BUIDCO has already requested the lined departments for transfer of land for relocation purpose).Step 5: Invitation for bids to construct houses (BUIDCO has already invited bids for construction of houses in relocation site for 6000 dwellings)Step 6: NGO / BUIDCO to take displaced households to proposed relocation site for their approval (PAPs verbally told about the location and they have given their consent).Step 7: The construction of the houses for the project affected householdsStep 8 Coordination with line departments for provision of basic infrastructure in the relocation colonyStep 9 Allotment of houses to displaced households.

2 Relocation of squatters

Step 1 The list of the affected squatters social/ economic categories will be verified by the NGOs during the verification process.Step 2 The structures owned by squatters will be jointly verified by the NGO and BUIDCO.Step 3 The list of project affected squatters will be submitted to BUIDCO for the preparation estimates for compensation.Step 4 The squatters will be given advance notice by BUIDCO to



S. No

Impact category


remove their items from the buildings prior to relocation.Step 5 The building values will be estimated as per basic schedule of rates of PWD, without depreciation. The estimated cost will be submitted to the DM for award of compensation for the structures lost.Step 6 The NGO will facilitate to open a bank account (in the name of husband and Wife) or obtain their existing joint account details.Step 7 The compensation for the affected structure will be disbursed to the bank account.Step 8 The squatters and encroachers will be allowed to take their salvaged materials.

3 Assistance to Squatters and encroachers.

Step 1 Eligible PAPs will be identified by the NGO and will be issued with ID cards based on the impact category and available document evidence.Step 2 In case of the affected persons does not have adequate document evidences for their social categories the NGO will assist them in producing them to the BUIDCO at the time of paying compensation.Step 3 The eligible PAPs/PAH for R&R Assistance will be verified by the NGO. The PAP/PAH needs to produce necessary document evidence for the proof of the social/economic category during the verification.Step 4 The list of eligible PAPs/PAH and estimates for the assistance will be prepared and submitted for the approval of BUDICO by NGO.Step 5 The cash assistance will be paid along with compensation for the lost assets.Step 6 The NGOs will assist the PAP for opening of an account in any of the nationalized banks (where minimum balance is to be maintained is lower).

4 Relocation process

Step1 Eligible PAPs will be identified by the NGO and will be issued with ID cards based on the impact category and available document evidence. .Step 2Each displaced household will be given at leastone month notice prior to shifting.Step 3NGO to prepare and share with BUIDCO the priority list of displaced households for relocation.The priority list will be prepared in consultation with the PAPs.Step 4 All R&R assistances will be paid prior to shifting as per the priority list. All amounts will be paid either through cheque or directly to their bank account.Step 5 The houses to be allotted on lottery basis as per the priority list at least 15 days prior to relocation.Step 6NGO to arrange for transportation on the day of relocation.



S. No

Impact category


Step 7 NGO to ensure that all basic amenities are in place prior to shifting of PAPs

5 Shifting assistance

Shifting assistance will be provided to eligible PAPs being relocated.Step 1BUIDCO and NGO will jointly verify the eligible PAPs.Step 2 The list of eligible PAPs will be prepared by NGO and submitted to BUIDCO for approval and funds allocation,Step 3 The shifting assistance will be provided along with the compensation.

6 Assistance to Vulnerable groups

Step 1 The social and economic category of the PAPs/PAH will be verified by the NGO before issue of ID cards.Step 2 The NGO and BUIDCO will jointly verify the social and economic category of the PAPs/ PAH for the finalisation of the disbursement of the assistance to the vulnerable PAPs. During the verification process the PAPS/PAH need to submit the document evidences issued by the government agencies.Step 3 After verification of the PAPs/PAHs the list of eligible vulnerable PAPs and their assistance will be assessed by the NGO and will be submitted to BUDICO for the approval and funds allocation.Step 4 The cash assistance for the PAPs (for the livelihood support, shifting assistance, etc.) will be made available along with the compensation.

7 Income restoration and training for the eligible PAPs (includes women PAPs, SC/STs).

The process to be adopted is as followsStep 1 Identifications of government programs available for affected PAPs by NGO and BUIDCOStep 2 Finalization of the PAPs eligible for various government programs by the NGOStep 3 Identifications of training centers and institutions within the district.Step 4 Submission of proposal for training from the NGO to BUIDO for the approval and remittance of payment. The payment will be made directly to the institutes by BUIDO based on the demand note received from the institute or the NGO.Step 5 Interim evaluation of the training program by BUDICO based on the feedback received from the PAPs.Step 6 In case of the PAPs choose training with purchase of toolkit, the distribution of equipment will be made separately to the PAPs prior to start of training program.

17 Forming of Women Self Help Group (SHG) and training for skill

The women PAPs affected due to the project will be provided assistance for forming of self-help groupsStep 1 The eligible PAPs and interested to be member of will be identified by the NGO at the time of issuing of ID cards.Step 2 The NGO will assist in forming of the women self-group.



S. No

Impact category


development. Step 3 The NGO will provide support to the self-help for opening of bank accounts.Step 4 The training for the women PAPs will be organized through local institutes.Step 5 The list of eligible PAPs willing to undertake skill development program will be identified and submitted for the approval of BUIDCO.Step 6 The payment for the training institutes will be directly made to the institutes by BUDICO.Step 7 The NGO will help the SHG in getting the help of financial institutes for self-employment schemes.

A composite implementation schedule for R&R activities in the subproject including various sub tasks and time line matching with civil work schedule is prepared and presented in the form of Table 9.2. However, the sequence may change or delays may occur due to circumstances beyond the control of the Subproject and accordingly the time can be adjusted for the implementation of the plan. The implementation schedule can also be structured through package wise. The entire stretch can be divided into various contract packages and the completion of resettlement implementation for each contract package shall be the pre condition to start of the civil work at that particular contract package.

Table 8.2 Implementation Schedule

Activity2013 2014 2015

Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q

3 Q4 Q1 Q2

Screen sub-project impact (completed)Carry out Census (completed)Declaration of cut-off date (done)Prepare Resettlement Action Plan (RP) – CompletedHiring of Non Governmental OrganizationsPublic consultationObtaining approval of RAP from WBDisclosure of RAPRelocationHanding over the site to contractor



Notify the date of start of construction to DPsRehabilitation of DPsInternal monitoring of overall RP ImplementationGrievance redressExternal monitoring and reporting



Chapter 9 R&R Budget

The resettlement cost estimate for this subproject includes eligible compensation as per entitlement matrix and support cost for RAP implementation. Contingency provisions have also been made to take into account variations from this estimate. Some of the major items of this R&R cost estimate are outlined below and the R&R budget is presented in the Table: 10.1. The details of Micro-plan specifying entitlement of each PAP are attached as Appendix-4.

compensation for structures (residential/ commercial) and other immovable assets at their replacement cost

Assistance for shifting of the structures Assistance for cattle shed Special assistance to vulnerable PAPs RAP implementation cost

Compensation of Structures: The existing structures are either temporary or semi-permanent. A total of 229 structures will be affected. The average size of tenement is 40 sq.m. Based on their construction typology, an average rate of tenement comes to Rs. 250. Accordingly budget has been worked out in table 10.1.

Cost of new dwellings: Cost of each dwelling to be constructed for those who opted for relocation site has been estimated at Rs. 150,000. This is the amount determined by Government of India for poor housing scheme under Rajiv AwasYojana. Same amount will be given to those who have opted for self-relocation.

Shifting Assistance for displaced households: As per entitlement matrix, Rs. 10,000 will be given to each household towards shifting allowance. This amount will be given to all 229 displaced households.

Assistance for cattle shed: This assistance will be provided to 25 households those who have opted for self relocation. An amount of Rs. 15000 will be given to each of these 25 households towards assistance for cattle shed.

Economic Rehabilitation Grant (ERG): As per entitlement matrix an amount of Rs. 10,000 will be paid to all 229 households toward immediate restoration of lost income.

Assistance for vulnerable community: A total of 164 households have been identified as vulnerable. As per entitlement matrix an amount of Rs. 10000 will be paid to all 164 vulnerable households.



Implementation of GAP and Livelihood restoration plan: An amount of Rs. 900,000 has been estimated for implementation of gender plan and livelihood restoration.

A total of Rs. 48 million has been estimated for implementation of Resettlement Action Plan. The details of estimated budget have been presented in table 10.1 below.

Table 9.1 R&R Budget

Sl. No Entitlement Unit Quantity Amount (in Rs.)

1 Compensation for Structures Sq m 40 sq m @ Rs. 350 for 229 dwelling units

3206000

2 Cost of new dwellings Dwelling unit

204 units @ Rs. 150,000

30600000

3 Cost of new dwellings for PAPs opting for self-relocation

Dwelling unit

25 units @ Rs. 150,000

3750000

4 Assistance for Cattle Shed PAHs 25 @ Rs.15000 per Cattle Shed

375000

5 Shifting Assistance PAHs 229 @ Rs.10000 2290000

6 ERG PAPs 229 @ Rs. 10000 2290000

7 Special Assistance to Vulnerable PAPs

PAPs 164 @ Rs. 10000 1640000

Sub Total A 441510008 Cost of livelihood training for eligible PAPs 600000

9 Cost towards implementation of Gender Action Plan 300000

10 RAP Implementation Cost for NGO 1800000

11 M&E Cost 800000

Sub Total B 3500000

12 Contingency 5% 175000

Grand Total 47826000


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