CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Research

1.1.1 Justification of the Research

This research discusses the morphological process of Betawi language verb

word class. Betawi language is one of the Malay dialects which is spoken in Jakarta.

Betawi language is known as bahasa Betawi, dialek Jakarta and bahasa Melayu

Jakarta. Betawi language is the same as the national language of Indonesia which is

Bahasa Indonesia which comes from Malay dialect. But each language shows special

characteristics that makes it different from each other. Betawi language also has word

classes as English has; they are verb, noun and adjective. In Betawi language, the

words motong (to cut), from potong (cut); nukər (to change), from tukər (change);

ňapu (to sweep), from sapu (broom); ŋambil (to take), from ambil (take) and ŋərawat

(to take care), from rawat (nurse) are the verb word class which is combined with

prefix N-. In this research, the researcher also researches the markers of verb word

class in Betawi language.

The researcher is interested in finding out what the morphological process and

the markers of verb word class in Betawi language are because the researcher is

curious and wants to know about this language. Many Betawi words are written in

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dictionary and are spoken in daily conversation even though the speaker is from

different ethnic. Betawi language is very easy to be spoken and understood.

This research is important to be carried out because one of the subjects in the

sixth semesters is morphology and the researcher is interested in researching

morphology of other languages especially Betawi language. Therefore this research

can help everyone who wants to research another language. This research also can be

useful for everyone who wants to learn morphology generally and Betawi language

especially.

1.2 Previous Research

The researches which are relevant to this research are:

1.2.1 Sugito (1987)

He wrote “Fonologi, Morfologi dan Morfofonemik Dialek Jakarta Kampung

Tugu” as a thesis, Univesity of Indonesia 1987. In his research, he described the

phonology, morphology and morphophonemic of Jakarta dialect or we can call

Betawi language in Tugu village where the society speak Betawi language everyday.

His research used descriptive method because he only focused in researching the

dialect of Tugu village. In his thesis, he found out the morphemes of Betawi dialect in

Tugu village, which is free morpheme and bound morpheme. There are three

morphological process of Betawi dialect which is affixation, reduplication and

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compound word. He also found the productivity of affixation and reduplication

process and some unproductively of that process.

1.2.2 Sandra Dewi (1997)

She wrote “Pemetaan Bahasa Betawi di Kotip Depok” as a thesis, University

of Indonesia 1997. In her research, she described the region in Depok district where

the society speaks Betawi language in daily conversation. This research also collected

and described the characteristics of Betawi language suburban sub-dialect in Depok

district in term of vocabularies and phonology. In her thesis, she found the language

in Depok district was homogeny language, which is Betawi language suburban sub-

dialect. Generally, suburban sub-dialect is Betawi dialect which pronounce the ending

vowel with /a?/ and /ah/ also the ending consonant with b, d, g, and h. Based on the

vocabularies from Betawi suburban sub-dialect in Depok district, there are

vocabularies from Java, Sunda, Bali and Dutch.

1.2.3 Bazalel Agustus Bisman (2005)

He wrote “Word Classes in English” as a S1 thesis, University of Gunadarma

2005. This thesis is conducted to explain some elements of word classes by giving

details on types of the markers used in some word classes. The researcher collects the

data without using instrument of the data to determine which one belongs to which

word classes. He tried to find what the markers of the open word classes and the types

of the marker of word classes. This thesis is conducted to explain some elements of

word class by giving details on types of the markers used in some word classes, from

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verbal, nominal and adjectival affixes. The data analysis in this research was done by

two major steps. First, identifying and categorizing English markers in nouns, verbs,

adjectives and adverbs. Second, describing the type markers and characteristic of the

nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverb. The researcher distributes the data without

using instrument of the data to determine which one belongs to which word classes.

1.2.4 Randi Yudiansyah (2006)

In his research “The Morphological Process of the English Verbs”, for S1

degree in Gunadarma University. He tries to explain the process of morphology,

which is word classes becoming another word class. The researcher makes an

instrument of the research to show what kinds of affixes mark the verb class, and

what kinds of affixes can transpose the verb into another word class. The researcher

concludes that inflectional suffixes are the marker of the verbs. The inflectional

suffixes are the marker of verbs because the prefix doesn’t transpose the word class

of the verb. In his research, we can see the productivity of the inflectional affixes than

the other affixes such as inflectional suffixes .The productive affixes are-s, - ing, -

and –ed. But the most productive is – s, because it can combine with 100 verbs that

the researcher collects in the table of research instrument. The researcher also

analyzed that after a verb is attached to some derivational affixes it will transpose by

using morphological process. He categorized the transposition of the verb into noun

and verb into adjective.

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1.3 Position of the Research

This research to some extent differs from the previous researches above. From

the first previous research, the researcher found that the research similar to Betawi

language with the previous research concerning about finding morphology of Betawi

language. From the second previous research, the researcher found that the subject of

the research is the same, which is Betawi language. From the third previous research,

the researcher found that the research discussed word classes. Even though the source

language is different but the researcher found that the research similar to researching

of language concerning about word classes. From the last previous research, the

researcher found that the research discussed morphological process of English verb

word class. In some extent, this research is the same as the previous research which is

discussed about morphological process but the researcher concerning about Betawi

language verb word class.

1.4 Significance of the Research

This research is conducted in order to observe the morphology study of

Betawi language verb word class and the markers of verb word class in Betawi

language. This research will be very useful for everyone. It is especially for everyone

who is curious and wants to know the study of morphology of a language,

particularly Betawi language.

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1.5 Problem of the Research

Since many people do not know very well about Betawi language, the writer

wants to research this topic. In this study, the problem formulation can be formulated

as follows:

1. What are the morphological processes of the Betawi verb word class?

2. What affixes mark the verb word class?

3. What affixes transpose noun and adjective word class into verb word class?

1.6 Aim of the Research

Based on the problem formulation stated above, the writer aims to obtain the

factual data concerning:

1. To describe the morphological processes of the Betawi verb word class.

2. To describe the affixes mark of the verb word class.

3. To describe the affixes transpose noun and adjective word class into verb

word class.

1.7 Scope of the Research

This research is limited to the study of Betawi language in Buaran I. Buaran I

is located in East Jakarta near Jatinegara, where many Betawi people speak Betawi

language. This research is also concerned to the morphological process of Betawi

language verb word class and their markers. This research does not discuss the

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transposition of verbs into nouns and adjective and the noun and adjective word class

in Betawi language.

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