chapter four...political geo
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter Four
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Developmentalism
State evolutionary and transitional nature
Formative Theory stage (Childhood to
adulthood) (William Morris Davis and VanValkenburgs cycle)
Core and Marginal (CoreEstablished
political structure, power of accretion,
endowed with economic surplus, defense
capability against threat and conquest and
domination of others
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Functionalism
Functionality of the state (Forces that
drives and sustain the existence of the
state Centripetal and Centrifugal forces
(religion, ethnicity, national symbols,
geographical location, history language
culture regionalismPrimordial
sentiments
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Birth of the State
Hartshorne theory of state
Creation and establishment of state based on
political idea( P and I)Decision of the People
Nationalism
Movement Struggle (PLO, KLA, IRI, Kashmir)Creation of the State
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How the Current May came to
Being
Scramble and Partition of the World (First
Map creation)
The False Map Irredentism
What is the Essence of Countries
Nationalism and current map (SecondMap creation)
Expansion of Current Map
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Theories of State Formation
Conquest and Imperialism
(Civil Warexternally and internally,
Peoples will, Referendum) Divine Theory
Consensus Theory (Inconvenience)
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Territory and Sovereignty
What do state protect their territory
(Continuity, Survival, Engagement with other
states, self of belonging andIndependence, integral of world system)
Territorial integrity is equal to sovereignty,the lost of territorial integrity is tantamount
to lost sovereignty
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Conflict and Territorial Claim
Post Independence and territorial claim
(India and Pakistan, India and China,
Vietnam and Cambodia, Cambodia andLaos, Thailand and Laos, Thailand and
Cambodia, Nigeria and Cameroon, Israel
and Palestine
How to you lay claim to a land
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Boundary and Capital
Distinction between countries and symbol
of power and sovereignty
Historical property of a people, hard to becompromised
Diplomatic relations with Neighbours
Fortress and Security, Espionage Theory of Inward Looking (Others Image)
Frontier and Boundary
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Type ofBoundary
Natural Boundary..historical and culturalproperty
National Boundary.indicative ofinternational community recognition
Contractual...mutual understanding andarrangement between two countries
certified by international community,arbitrated by International Court (Pakistanand India, Cambodia and Laos, Nigeriaand Cameroon)
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Continued
Geometrical Boundary
Power-political Boundary
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Capital City
Capital City a immemorial concept
Centre of Power and its Selection
Henriksons View
Opinion-forming centre of the stateConcentration of political, economic and cultural
power
political, economic and cultural power
Protective from external interferenceAmerican worldview (Global world order, where
political, economic and cultural dominance can beexercised America as the capital of the world
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Types of Capitals
Core Capitals..developed, socio-political,economic, technological development, stablepolitical history, undisputable economic growth,these capitals owe so much to colonial and
imperial hegemony. Peripheral Capitals .former colonies, striving to
reach height of development, remain dependenton the core despite being independent
Semi-Peripheral Capitals..Newly Industrializedcountries, practicing protectionist economy,wanting to break away with colonial past,dependence on core and always aiming at
becoming competitive as the core economies
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State System
Federalism.(Despotism of central, evendistribution of power to units, autonomy,centripetal in nature as it brings people ofdiverse natures together, development onindividual pace, neighbourhood effect,applicable for multicultural and multiethnicsocieties
Unitary.(Vested power in the Central, question
over units Residual power might result toinsubordination, Secession, task structure andstandard for all units, integration in place offragmentation and inability to ally with foreignauthority against the Central government
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Continued
Confederationwhen all units or statedetermined to combine their sovereignty intoone, though they can operate on their own but
they came together to form a virile andformidable structure in order to be doing thingsin common. EU as prototype
Partition.impossibility of maintainingsovereignty over a territory, informed by internaland external factors (Germany, Korea, Vietnam,China, India and Pakistan, Malaysia andSingapore)
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State and its Nature
Government, state, Sovereignty and
Insubordination
Treason (death and imprisonment)
Bureaucracy and the state
(Collation of information, formulate policy,
running of government, middleman, point
of exchange)
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Type of State
Welfare State Communist state
Liberal-Republic state
Constitutional Monarch
Civil Society and the state
(Individual or group of people who exercises mostof the state power...establishment)
Maneuverability Theory (state or interest group
using the state to achieve their aims) Instrumentalist. the view that a concept or
theory should be evaluated by how effectively itexplains and predicts phenomena, as opposedto how accurately it describes objective reality.
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State and Globalisation
Multinational Corporation, Mega-State,
Mega-Corporation and Global Civil Society
Globalization and regionalism NGOs and global politics, economics,
finance, consumption, nuclear,
environment and cultural norms