chapter “the making of a...

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BISHOP SCOTT BOYS’ SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi) Affiliation No.: 330726, School Campus: Chainpur, Jaganpura,

By-Pass, Patna 804453. Phone Number: 7061717782, 9798903550. , Web: www.bishopscottboysschool.com Email: [email protected]

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL - 10

ENGLISH SESSION-2020-21

CLASS - X

TOPIC

“ The Making Of a Scientist “

“ Amanda “

DAY-1

CHAPTER

“The Making of a Scientist”

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“Summary”

This article focuses on the making of a scientist summary. It is a story of a curious child who is channelizing his curiosity to become a scientist. Richard Ebright was very close to her mother, and she plays a key role in developing his interest in science.

He began his journey by collecting butterflies. Later on, he did research on the purpose of gold spots on pupae of monarch butterflies. His paper on working of cell got published in a scientific journal, and he became famous. Ebright participated in many science exhibitions and won many awards. Apart from science, he had an interest in public speaking and debate. He is competitive and possesses a go-getter personality. Thus, he has all the qualities of becoming a great scientist.

The Making of a Scientist’ is a story about the leading scientist Richard Ebright. He was a curious child right from the beginning years of his life. He had started collecting butterflies in his childhood and by the time he is in second grade, he had already gathered all the 25 species found in his hometown. Also, he collected coins, fossils, and rocks. One day his mother gave him a book named ‘The Travel of Monarch X’. This book has been a turning point in life and introduced him to the world of science. He experienced the real science in country science fair and moreover he understood that to win something he needs to do something extraordinary.

Later, for his eighth grade, he selected the assignment of finding the cause of viral sickness that killed almost all the monarch caterpillars every year. He thought that the cause for this could be a beetle, so, he rose caterpillars with the presence of beetles. However, he was wrong. Next year his project for the science fair was testing the theory that viceroy butterflies copy monarchs. His project got the first price in zoology division and third in country science fair.

In his second year of high school, Richard Ebright research led to his discovery of an unknown insect hormone which led to his new theory on the lives of cells. He tried to find the purpose of tiny golden spots on the back of monarch pupa. This project won first place in a country science fair and a chance to work in Walter Reed Army Institute of research.

As a high school student, he continued his advanced experiment and finally was able to identify hormones chemical structure. One day while looking at the Xray photos of the hormone he got the idea of his new theory that tells cells can read the blueprint of its DNA. Ebright and his roommate constructed the plastic model of a molecule to

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illustrate the working of DNA. It was a big leap forward and got published in a magazine. He graduated from Harvard with the highest honours.

He has other interest also like public speaking, debate and is also a canoeist and an outdoor person. Also, he was competitive but in good sense and always want to do his best. Moreover, he possesses all the traits of becoming a good scientist.

Conclusion of the making of a scientist The story teaches us that with perseverance, dedication and hard work any dream is achievable.

CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS

1. Richard’s article on how cells work published in a science journal at the age of twenty-two.

2. Richard was a single child and didn’t have friends to play with. So, he became interested in

collecting butterflies and various other items.

3. His mother bought him all the equipment he needed. She guided him and helped him to

learn.

4. He read a book ‘The Travels to Monarch X’ which created a love for science in him.

5. He raised thousands of monarch butterflies at home over a few years. He tagged them as

they grew and freed them to study their migration.

6. Richard put up a slide of frogs at the County science fair but did not win any award.

7. His defeat inspired him to experiment. He took help from Dr Urquhart to work on various

projects.

8. He won many awards at the County and International science fairs in subsequent years.

9. His work on viceroy butterflies got him the first position award in a fair.

10. Richard discovered a hormone necessary for the growth of, monarch butterfly.

11. He worked at the Army laboratory and the US Department of Agriculture laboratory.

12. Richard spent a year at Harvard as a freshman before going back to the laboratory to

discover the chemical structure of the hormone responsible for the gold spots on the

monarch pupa.

13. His findings motivated him to study cells and how they read their DNA.

14. His theory may help to prevent many kinds of cancers and other diseases.

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15. He graduated from Harvard with second position among 1510 students.

16. His other interests include debating, public speakingand photography. ‘

17. Richard’s social studies teacher praises him for his excellent mind, curiosity and a will to win

– the essential qualities of a scientist.

DAY-2

WORD MEANINGS

Word Meaning

Scout A member of the scout association

Journal A newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject

Kindergarten School for small children

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Monarch and

Viceroy

Types of butterflies found in North America

Tedious Boring and too slow or long

Tag A label attached to someone or something for the purpose of identification or to

give other information

Adhesive Able to stick fast to a surface or object; sticky

chase To hurry after someone or something in order to catch him/her or it

County District

Stack Large number

Starling A dark brown or black bird that is common in Europe and US.

Zoology The branch of science that involves the study of animals and animal behaviour

Ornamental Showy, decorative

Entomology A branch of science that deals with the study of insects

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QUESTION/ANSWER

DAY-3

Question 1. What rare achievement did Richard manage at the age of twenty-two?

Answer: Richard had a rare honour at the age of twenty-two. He wrote an article with his friend about a theory of how cells work. The article was published in the scientific journal ‘Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.’ No one had this achievement at such a young age before him.

Question 2. Richard became a collector at an early age. How?

Answer: Richard was the only child of his parents. He had no company at home to play with. So, he started collecting things in his spare time. He would collect coins, fossils, rocks and butterflies as a hobby.

Question 3. In addition to science, what were the other interests of Richard?

Answer: A part from science, Richard was a good debater and a public speaker as well as a canoeist and

an all-round a outdoors person. He loved photography as well.

Question 4. Mr. Weiherer pays a glowing tribute to Richard. What did he say?

Answer: Mr. Weiherer was Ebright’s social studies teacher. He praised him for his brilliant mind, his

curiosity and a will to win for the right reason. He also admired Richard for his spirit to do his very best all the time.

Question 5. When and how did Ebright get the idea of his new theory about cell life?

Answer: During the junior year, Ebright got the idea for his new theory about cell life. He was looking at X-ray photos of the chemical structure of a hormone. Seeing the photos, he believed that the photos

gave him the answer to the puzzle—how the cells can read the blueprint of its DNA.

Question 6. Why was it a great achievement for Ebright when his article was published in the magazine

‘The Proceedings of the National Academy of Science’? Answer:

It was for the first time that the article of a student was published in this important science journal. It was like making a big league at the age of fifteen. It was indeed a great achievement.

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DAY-4

CHAPTER

“Amanda”

“Summary”

This article is about Amanda summary. Its poet is Robin Klein. The poem focuses on the upbringing of a small child, whose name is Amanda. It focuses on the struggles which a child is facing. Poet Robin Klein makes the important point that the children should never be deprived of their freedom. However, it is the parents who are responsible for the proper upbringing of their child. But that should not make the children feel imprisoned. Here, Amanda is ready to be acceptable by society, and this training wants her freedom to be cut short. Her imagination is not given sufficient space, and therefore it is making her annoyed. This annoyance is making her desire even to be an orphan. This continuous annoying was making her moody too much. Hence, the whole trajectory of this poem is something with which we are all very much familiar.

This poem expresses the state of a little girl’s mind who is constantly instructed about do’s and don’ts by her mother. The girl named Amanda and her mother who is

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irritating her for mistakes. Her mother used to give instructions not to hunch her shoulders and to sit up straight. Her mother reminds her to finish her homework. The little girl Amanda keeps dreaming about freedom of life in the open.

Her mother also feels that she is sitting in a very lethargic manner. To this, Amanda imagines herself as a mermaid swimming freely and joyously in the light green sea. She wants to live a calm and relaxing life in the beautiful green sea. Further her mother drags Amanda out of her dreams by asking whether she cleans her room and shoes or not.

Amanda has another daydream in which she imagines herself as an orphan wandering freely, barefoot in golden silence and uninterrupted freedom. She utters that she would have enjoyed her freedom then, by making the patterns of her bare feet on the sand. She would live a peaceful life. Her mother’s nagging complaints break her daydream. The mother forbade Amanda not to eat chocolates because of her acne and pimples. She also rebukes her for not looking at her while she is talking to her.

Amanda is enjoying another dream that now she fantasizes herself as Rapunzel, a character from a fairy tale and wants to live like her in a huge tower peacefully. She dreams that she will never let down her hair from the tower like Rapunzel. In the tower, she will live an alone and peaceful life. She will never allow anyone to come to the tower. Finally, the mother forbids her for being moody, because she doesn’t want anyone to make her

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WORD MEANINGS

feel guilty that she is harassing her daughter. At this time the poet has not written any response from Amanda’s side. This constant nagging has made her so upset that she has even stopped dreaming of herself as someone else. She always tries this only in order to escape from the continuous harassment and dominance of her parents.

Conclusion of Amanda This poem conveys the moral that children need to be allowed more freedom. Excessive nagging may make them disobedient and hence they may develop a type of dislike for real life.

DAY-5

Hunch – Bending the upper portion of body in forward position

Slouching – To stand, sit or move in lazy and downward direction

Languid – Without any force or interest

Mermaid – An imaginary sea creature having a woman’s head and body with a fish’s tail

instead of tegs .

Drifting – A slow and steady movement

Tidy – To be in right order

Orphan – A child whose parents are either dead or gone missing

Roaming – To move about aimlessly, especially over a wide area

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QUESTION/ANSWER

Hushed – Very quiet and still

Bare – Something not clothed or covered

Acne – Common skin disease characterised by pimples especially on face

Rapunzel – Rapunzel is the name of a German fairy tale character yvho was made to live alone

in a high tower and had very long, beautiful golden hair. She was held captive by a witch Dame

Gothel, who used to come up to the tower by climbing her long hair. The only way one could

make a contact with her was only using her long hair.

Tranquil – Free from any trouble or anxiety, to be in peaceful state of mind.

Sulking – To be angry or upset about something.

Nagged – To irritate (someone) by complaining about his or her attitudes again and again.

Question 1 :

Write a short note on the title of the poem?

Answer :

The title of the poem is Amanda as it revolves around the upbringing of a little girl named Amanda. Her life is full of struggles where she is denied freedom and expression. Amanda is so much irate

(angry) that she escapes reality by living in her imaginative world. Through this gateway she experiences calmness, away from her nagging parents.

Question 2 : Why is Amanda getting scolded for having chocolate?

Answer :

Amanda is getting scolded for having chocolates as previously it had caused her acne. Amanda’s mother is very particular about such things. Amanda is made conscious about her physical appearance. It is very sad that at such a young age Amanda is made to worry about natural

experiences.

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Question 3 :

How life on a tower would be different from life anywhere else for Amanda? Answer :

Life on a tower for Amanda would be very different from her reality. Just like Rapunzel, even she desires to live on top of a tower, away from everyday chaos.

Amanda suffers due to the constant nagging from her parents. She seeks, a place full of peace and serenity (total silence), where there is no one to disturb her. Hence, she wishes to live on a

tower.

Question 4 :

Why does Amanda seem moody most of the times?

Answer :

Amanda seems moody most of the times because she is trying to make an escape from her sorry reality where she is nagged most of the times. It is indeed a sorry state for a small child like

Amanda to bear. Here the only defence against such reality is her imagination where she often escapes to. Hence, , it makes her look moody and uninterested.

Question 5 :

Why does Amanda wish to be a mermaid, an orphan, or Rapunzel?

Answer : Amanda wishes to be a mermaid so she could drift alone by blissfully languid, emerald sea. She yearns to be an orphan so that she is able to roam the sea (streets) and make pattern using her

bare feet in dust. Being Rapunzel means she could live carefree on a high tower. Amanda wishes to be these so that she could avoid her suffocating reality.

Question 6 : Do you consider Amanda’s mother to be a nagging mother?

Answer :

Amanda’s mother is indeed a nagging mother. She is all about instructions and finding faults. No doubt it is her responsibility to instill good values in her daughter, but not at the cost of her child’s

happiness. One should know how to strike a balance between maintaining responsibilities and taking good care.

Question 7 : Is Amanda at fault at all?

Answer :

Amanda is not at fault at all. It is too harsh for a small child to understand the concept of acne and not eating a chocolate. Love of parents is missing from Amanda’s life. It is with pity that we look towards Amanda. There is nothing worst for a child who wishes to be an orphan. Amanda just

seeks freedom from overpowering environment around her.

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BISHOP SCOTT BOYS’ SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi) Affiliation No.: 330726, School Campus: Chainpur, Jaganpura,

By-Pass, Patna 804453. Phone Number: 7061717782, 9798903550. , Web: www.bishopscottboysschool.com Email: [email protected]

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL - 10

HINDI SESSION-2020-21

CLASS- X

पाठ का नाम - जाजज पंचम की नाक

DAY-1

DAY-1

TEACHING MATERIAL - पाठ का परिचय

हमारे समाज में नाक इज्जत का प्रतीक मानी जाती है। इतना ही नहीं नाक से जुडे अनेक मुहावरे हहिंदी में प्रचहित है हजसमें नाक कटना और

नाक कटा ना प्रमुख हैं। इसी मुहावरे का अर्थ हवस्तार करते हुए इसका व्यिंग्यात्मक उपयोग हकया गया हैकमिेश्वर जी ने जॉजज पंचम की नाक

कहानी में। अपने कथ्य में सफल यह कहानी पत्रकाररता की सार्जकता को दो रेखािंहकत करती ही है सार् ही

व्यवसाहयक पत्रकाररता के हवरुद्ध खडी हदखाई देती है।

कठठन शब्दों के अर्ज जान हर्ेली पि डालना- प्राणों को सकंट में डालना, नाज़नीन- कोमल स्त्री, दास्त्तान- कहानी, ठदमाग खिोच ना- ठदमाग लगाना, दािोमदाि- जजम्मदेािी, कानाफूसी होना- कानो ही कानों में धीमी धीमी बातें होना, बॉल डांस-

विदेशी नतृ्य का एक प्रकाि, हैितअंगेज ख्याल- हैिान कि देने िाला विचाि।

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DAY-2

पाठ का सारांश

जॉजज पंचम की नाक एक वं्यग्यात्मक निबंध है। इसमें सरकारी तंत्र की मजाक उडाई

गई है। हम नजस इंग्लैंड के गुलाम रहे उसकी रािी के सम्माि के नलए भारत की सरकार कैसे-

कैसे पापड बेल ती है अपमान पूर्ज हरकतें करती हैं यह निखािा इस निबंध का उदे्दश्य है। बात उन दिनों की है जब इंग्लैंड की रािी एनलजाबेथ नितीय अपिे पनत के साथ भारत पधारिे

वाली थी। प्रनतनिि अखबार ंमें उिके सानहब िौरे की खबरें छपती थी। भारत में सभी परेशान थे िजी उिकी वेशभूषा के नलए प शाक के नलए परेशाि था। अखबार ंमें रािी की जन्मपत्री नपं्रस

निनलप के कारिामे उिके िौकर ंबावर्ची हं खािसामा अंग रक्षक ंके साथ-साथ शाही महल के

कुते्त की भी तस्वीर छप गई थी। अचानक जो सबसे बडी परेशािी थी वह जॉजज पंर्चम की िाक थी क् नंक वह िाक कट गई थी इस

बात पर िाक के नलए राजिीनतक आंि लि और वहसे शुरू ह रु्चकी थी | जॉजज पंचम की िाक िा

निखे त अपिी िाक कटिे जैसा ह गा सभी का ऐसा नवर्चार था। भारतीय मूर्त जयों का निरीक्षण

नकया गया लेनकि िाक जॉजज पंर्चम की तरह िही ंनमली निर बाि में नजंिा लाश लगािे का

प्रस्ताव निया गया । अखबार ंमें छपा की जॉजज पंर्चम की नजंिा िाक लगाई गई है यािी ऐसी िाथ

ज पत्थर की िही ंलगती। लेनकि उस निि अखबार ंमें नकसी उि्घाटि सभा अनभिंिि मािपत्र

िेिे या स्वागत समार ह ह िे का िही ंछपा। अखबार खाली थे। पता िही ंक् ?ं िा त एक ही

र्चानहए थी वह भी एक बुत के नलए।

DAY-3

लघु उत्तरके प्रश्न

1. नई दिल्ली की कायापलट क्यों होने लगी?

उत्तर- नई दिल्ली में इिंग्िैंड की रानी एहिजाबेर् हितीय अपने पहत सहहत दौरा करने वािी र्ी। भारत के शासक उनका शाही सम्मान करना चाहते

रे्। इसहिए नई हदल्िी को पूरी तरह रिंग रोगन कर राजसी सज धज से समारा जाने िगा हजस कारण नई हदल्िी की कायापिट होने िगी

2. जॉजज पंचम की नाक को लेकर सरकारी क्षेत्र के बदहवा सी हकस मानहसकता का द्योतक है?

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उत्तर- सरकारी ततं्र में जॉजथ पिंचम की नाक को िेकर जो हचिंता और बधावा से हदखाई देती है उससे उनकी गुिाम मानहसकता का बोध होता है। इससे पता चिता है हक वह आजाद भारत के होकर भी अिंगे्रजों के गुिाम हैं। उन्हें अपने अहतहर् की नाक बहुत मूल्यवान प्रतीत होती है हजसने भारत को

गुिाम बनाया और अपमाहनत हकया

3. इस पाठ में सरकारी खैर ख्वाह ककसे कहा गया है?

उत्तर- इस पाठ में सरकारी खैर ख्वाह शुभचचतंकों को कहा गया है। उन पर यह व्यक्त हकया गया है हक वे जैस-ेतैसे सरकार को चलाने में रुचच रखते हैं। उन्हें राष्ट्रीय स्वाभभमान से कुछ लेना िेना नहीं होता है। उन्हें जॉजथ पिंचम की कािी करतूतों से कुछ

िेना देना नहीं। ना ही देश हहत के हिए हकए गए बहिदानों की हचिंता है। उन्हें तो सरकार को चिाते रहने की हचिंता है।

DAY-4

दीर्ज उत्तिीय प्रश्न

1. िानी एललजाबेर् के दजी की परेशानी का क्या कारण था? उनकी परेशानी को आप ककस तरह तकज संगत ठहिाएंगे?

उत्ति- िानी एललजाबेर् के दजी की परेशानी है थी कक रानी भारत पाककस्तान और नेपाल के दौरे पर जाएंगे उस वक्त वह कौन सा

पोशाक पहनेंगी। उसे लगता था कक रानी की आन बान और शान भी बनी रहनी चाकहए और उनकी वेशभूषा कवकभन्न देशों के अनुकूल भी हो। दजी की परेशानी जरूरत से अकिक थी। ककसी भी देश में घूमते वक्त कपडों पर आवश्यकता से अकिक ध्यान देना चकाचौंि पैदा करना

आवश्यक है। परंतु यकद रानी अपने कपडों को लेकर परेशान है तो दजी बेचारा क्या करें? उसे तो रानी की शान और वातावरण के अनुकूल

वेशभूषा तैयार करनी ही पडेगी। 2. जॉजज पंचम की लाट की नाक को पुनः लगाने के कलए मूकतिकार ने क्या-क्या यत्न ककए?

उत्ति- जॉजज पंचम की नाक को लगाने के ललए मूकतिकार ने अनेक प्रकार के प्रयत्न ककए। उसने सबसे पहले उस पत्थर की

खोजबीन की कजससे वह मूकति बनी थी। इसके कलए पहले उसने सरकारी फाइलें मंगवाई। कफर भारत के सभी पहाडों और पत्थरों की खानों का

दौरा ककया। कफर भारत के सभी महापुरुषों की मूकति का कनरीक्षण ककया उसके कलए मूकतिकार ने पूरे देश का भ्रमण ककया। अंत में जीकवत व्यकक्त की

नाक काट कर जॉजि पंचम की मूकति पर लगा दी। 3. जॉजज पंचम की नाक लगने वाली खबर के कदन अखबार चुप क्यों थे?

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उत्ति- उस ठदन सभी अखबाि इसकलए चुप थे क्योंकक भारत में ना तो कहीं कोई अकभनंदन कायिक्रम हुआ ना सम्मान पत्र भेंट करने का

आयोजन हुआ। ना ही ककसी नेता ने कोई उद्घाटन ककया ना कोई फीता काटा गया ना साविजकनक सभा हुई। इसललए अखबािों को चुप िहना पडा। यहां तक कक हवाई अड्डे या स्टेशन पर स्वागत समारोह भी नहीं हुआ। इसकलए नेता का ताजा कचत्र भी नहीं छप सका।

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DAY-5

रचनात्मक प्रश्न उत्तर-

1. जॉजज पंचम की नाक नामक हनबिंध का उद्देश्य स्पष्ट कीजजए । उत्तर- जॉजज पंचम की नाक नामक हनबिंध स्वाहभमान रदहत भारतीय शासकों पर व्यिंग है। िेखक ने आजाद भारत के उन शासकों का उपहास

उडाया है जो अपने आत्मसम्मान को भूि चुके हैं। हुए अतीत में हुए अपने अपमान को भूि कर अत्याचार यों का सम्मान करने में िग ेहुए हैं। उन्हें भारतीय

महापुरुषों शहीदों और सिंघषों की हचिंता नहीं है। हचिंता है तो इिंग्िैंड की महारानी का मान रखने की। वह भूि चुके हैं हक इसी महारानी के देश ने की उन्हें

कभी गुिाम बनाया र्ा। इस र्नबंध में सरकारी कायथप्रणािी पर भी व्यंग है। सरकारी काम सरसरी तौर पर हकया जाता है। अपनी अपनी हजम्मेदारी दूसरों पर डािने की कोहशश करते हैं। अिंत में गाज हगरती है क्लकज या आम कमजचारी पर। वे भी मौके पर क्षमा मांग कर

अपनी हजम्मदेारी से पल्िा झाड िेता है।

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BISHOPSCOTTBOYS’SCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSE,NewDelhi)AffiliationNo.:330726,SchoolCampus:Chainpur,Jaganpura,By-Pass,Patna804453.PhoneNumber:7061717782,9798903550.,Web:www.bishopscottboysschool.com Email:[email protected]

STUDYCOURSEMATERIAL

SocialScience-EconomicsSESSION-2020-21

CLASS-X

TOPIC:SectorsofIndianEconomy

DAY-1 TEACINGMATERIAL

Indiaisthefastestgrowinglargeeconomyintheworld,withanenormouspopulation,favourabledemographicsandhighcatch-uppotentialduetolowinitialGDPperhead.

AspertheWorldBankdata,in2017,IndiabecamethesixthlargesteconomywithaGDPofUSD2.59trillion,relegatingFrancetotheseventhposition.

IndiaislikelytosurpasstheUnitedKingdom intheworld'slargesteconomyrankingsin2019,accordingtoareportbyglobalconsultancyfirm PwC(PricewaterhouseCoopersmanagestheglobalbrandsanddevelopspoliciesandinitiativetocreateacommonandcoordinatedapproachinareassuchasrisk,qualityandstrategy.)

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AccordingtoWorldEconomicOutlookreportofIMF,India'seconomyisexpectedtogrowby7.5percentinthe2019-20fiscalyear,keepinganupwardtrajectoryastherestoftheworldslumps.

Accordingtoreport"India'seconomyispoisedtopickupin2019,benefitingfrom loweroilpricesandaslowerpaceofmonetarytighteningthanpreviouslyexpected,asinflationpressuresease,"thereportsaid.

AsperCentralStatisticsOffice(CSO),MinistryofStatisticsandProgrammeImplementation(MOSPI),thegrowthinGDPduring2018-19isestimatedat7.2percentascomparedtothegrowthrateof6.7percentin2017-18.

Sector

Asectordefinesanareaoftheeconomyinwhichbusinesssharessomeofrelatedproductsorservices.

ClassificationofsectorsofIndianEconomy

Economicactivity

Economicactivityistheactivityofmaking,providing,purchasingorsellinggoodsorservices.AnyactivityinvolvingmoneyortheexchangeofproductsorservicesareEconomicactivities.

OnthebasisofNatureofEconomicActivities

PrimarySector

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InPrimarysectorofeconomy,activitiesareundertakenbydirectlyusingnaturalresources.Agriculture,Mining,Fishing,Forestry,Dairyetc.aresomeexamplesofthissector.

Itiscalledsobecauseitformsthebaseforallotherproducts.Sincemostofthenaturalproductswegetarefrom agriculture,dairy,forestry,fishing,itisalsocalledAgricultureandalliedsector.

Peopleengagedinprimaryactivitiesarecalledred-collarworkersduetotheoutdoornatureoftheirwork.

SecondarySector

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Itincludestheindustrieswherefinishedproductsaremadefrom naturalmaterialsproducedintheprimarysector.

Henceitsthepartofacountry'seconomythatmanufacturesgoods,ratherthanproducingrawmaterials.Sincethissectorisassociatedwithdifferentkindsofindustries,itisalsocalledindustrialsector.

Peopleengagedinsecondaryactivitiesarecalledbluecollarworkers.

TertiarySector

Thissector’sactivitieshelpinthedevelopmentoftheprimaryandsecondarysectors.Byitself,economicactivitiesintertiarysectordonotproduceagoodsbuttheyareanaidorasupportfortheproduction.

Goodstransportedbytrucksortrains,banking,insurance,financeetc.comeunderthesector.Itprovidesthevalueadditiontoaproductsameassecondarysector.

Thissectorjobsarecalledwhitecollarjobs.

Q.WhyisTertiarySectoralsocalledtheServiceSector? Itgeneratesservicesratherthangoods. Italsoincludessomeessentialservicesthatmaynotdirectlyhelpintheproductionof

goods.Forexample,servicesofteachers,doctors,layers,washerman,administrativeandaccountingwork,etc.

Q."Whenacountrydevelops,thecontributionofprimarysectordeclinesandthatofsecondaryandtertiarysectorincreases."Analysethestatement.

OR

Whathistoricalchangeshavebeenbroughtintheprimarysecondaryandtertiarysectors?

Thenaturaleconomicmovementofacountrygoesfrom agrarianeconomytoanindustrialeconomytoaserviceeconomybutIndiahasleapfroggedfrom anagrarianeconomytoaserviceeconomy.

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OneremarkablefeatureofIndia’srecentgrowthisdiversificationintoservices,withtheservicessectordominatingGDP.

India’ssuccessinsoftwareandIT-enablesserviced(ITeS)exports,hasmadeitasignificantservicesexporterwithitsshareinworldservicesexportsrisingfrom 0.6percentin1990to3.3percentin2013.

Welleducatedandimmensehumanresources,FluencyinEnglishandavailabilityofcheaplabourareotherreasonsforrapidgrowthofservicesectorinthecountry.

Q.WhatisGDPofacountry?WhohasundertakenthistaskofmeasuringGDPinIndia?Ans:-Thevalueoffinalgoodsandservicesproducedineachsectorduringaparticularyearprovidesthetotalproductionofthesectorforthatyear.Andthesum ofproductioninthethreesectorsgiveswhatiscalledtheGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)ofacountry.Itisthevalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountryduringaparticularyear.GDPshowshowbigtheeconomyis.InIndia,themammothtaskofmeasuringGDPisundertakenbyacentralgovernmentministry.ThisMinistry,withthehelpofvariousgovernmentdepartmentsofalltheIndianstatesandunionterritories,collectsinformationrelatingtototalvolumeofgoodsandservicesandtheirpricesandthenestimatestheGDP.

Q.HowdowemeasureGDP?Ans:-ThemonetaryvalueofFinalGoodsandServicesineachsectorismeasuredinayearandthatisthetotalproductionofthesectorforthatyear.

Q.Whydowecountthevalueoffinalgoodsandservicesonly?Ans:-Itisbecausethatthevalueofintermediategoodsisalreadyincludedinthevalueoffinalgoods.Addingthevalueofintermediategoodswillleadtooverestimationofthevalueofgoodsandservicesasitwillsufferfrom theproblem ofdoublecounting(countingthevalueofthecommoditymorethanonce)

REFERENCE-LINK:https://mycbseguide.com/blog/economics-sectors-indian-economy-class-10-notes-social-science/

VIDEO-LINKS:https://youtu.be/jxgVI9Mur-M

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

IntermediategoodsGoodswhichareusedfortheproductionofsomeothergoodsarecalledintermediategoods.Forexamplewheatflourisusedintheproductionofapacketofbiscuit.

FinalgoodsGoodsandservicesthatarereadyforfinalconsumptionandneednofurtherprocessingarecalledfinalgoods.Theyareusedforfinalconsumptionbytheconsumerorinvestmentbytheproducers.

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Q.GivereasonsforthegrowthofservicesectorinIndia. Inanycountryseveralservicessuchashospitals,educationalinstitutions,postand

telegraphservices,policestations,courts,villageadministrativeoffices,municipalcorporations,defence,transport,banks,insurancecompanies,etc.arerequired.Thesecanbeconsideredasbasicservices.Inadevelopingcountrythegovernmenthastotakeresponsibilityfortheprovisionoftheseservices.

Thedevelopmentofagricultureandindustryleadstothedevelopmentofservicessuchastransport,trade,storageandthelike,aswehavealreadyseen.Greaterthedevelopmentoftheprimaryandsecondarysectors,morewouldbethedemandforsuchservices.

Asincomelevelsrise,certainsectionsofpeoplestartdemandingmanymoreserviceslikeeatingout,tourism,shopping,privatehospitals,privateschools,professionaltrainingetc.

Overthepastdecadeorso,certainnewservicessuchasthosebasedoninformationandcommunicationtechnologyhavebecomeimportantandessential.Theproductionoftheseserviceshasbeenrisingrapidly.

LimitationsofthegrowthpatternofServicesector:

TherehasbeenanunevengrowthintheservicesectorinIndia. Thereareonlyalimitednumberofservicesthatemployeehighlyskilledandeducated

workers.

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Averylargenumberofpeopleareengagedassmallshopkeepersrepairpersonstransportpersonsextrapeoplewhoareworkingintheservicesbarelymanagedtoearntheirliving.

Q.WhatarethedifferenttypesofUnemploymentinIndia?

UnderemploymentorDisguisedUnemploymentAsituationinwhichmorepersonsareemployedonajobthanareoptimallyrequired.Ifapartofthelabourforceiswithdrawnthenalsoproductionwillnotbeaffected.

SeasonalUnemploymentWhenpeopleareunemployedforaparticularseason,itiscalledasseasonalunemployment.Foreg.iffarmersareploughinglandonlyforrabiseason,thentheybecomeunemployedfortherestoftheseasons.

StructuralunemploymentStructuralunemploymentoccurswhenthedemandforlabourislessthanthesupplyoflabourinanindividuallabourmarket.

Q.Differentiatebetweenopenunemploymentanddisguisedunemployment.

REFERENCE-LINKhttps://www.studyrankers.com/2019/04/notes-of-ch-2-sectors-of-indian-economy-class10th-economics.html?m=1

OpenUnemployment Disguisedunemployment

Itisasituationinwhichapersonwhoisableandwillingtoworkatexistingwageratecannotgetwork.

Itisasituationinwhichmorepeopleareengagedinactivitythantherequiredone.

Thistypeofunemploymentexistduetolackofresources.

Theabsenceofalternativeemploymentopportunitiesleadtothissituation.

Itexistsamongtheeducatedpeople. Itexistsgenerallyintheagriculturalsector.

Thistypeofunemploymentcanbeseenintheurbanareas.

Thistypeofunemploymentcanbeseenintheruralareas.

Underthistheworkerisreadytowork,butheisunabletofindanywork.

Underthis,theworkerisworking,butifheisremoved,theproductiondoesnotfall.

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DAY-3

TEACINGMATERIAL

Q.Whatarethevariouswaystoprovideemploymentopportunitiesinruralandurbanareas?RuralAreas

Thegovernmentcanspendsomemoneyorbankscanprovidealoan,toconstructwellsforirrigation.

Damscanbeconstructedalongwithcanals,whichwillleadtoalotofemploymentgeneration.

Governmentcaninvestsomemoneyontheconstructionofroadsforrunningminitrucksandprovidingjobsopportunityintransportation.

Identify,promoteandlocateindustriesandservicesinsemi-ruralareaswherealargenumberofpeoplemaybeemployed.

Settingupofdalmills,openingcoldstorages,honeycollectioncentresandindustriestoprocessvegetablesandotheragriculturalproducts,whichcanbesoldinoutsidemarkets.

UrbanAreas Rapidindustrialisationcancreateemploymentopportunitiesforanumberofpeoplein

urbanareas. Tourism canbedevelopedincitiesprovidingmassivenumberofjobsbyopeninghotels. Restaurantsforthetourists.

Q.Whichlocalindustriesinsemi-ruralareascanprovidejobopportunitiesfortheunemployed?

Settingupdalmillstoprocureandprocesspulsesandthensellthem inthecities. Openingacoldstoragecouldgiveanopportunityforfarmerstostoretheirproductslike

potatoesandonionsandsellthem whenthepriceisgood. Invillagesnearforestareaswecanstarthoneycollectioncentres,wherefarmerscancome

andsellwildpurehoney. Itisalsopossibletosetupindustriesthatprocessvegetablesandagriculturalproducelike

potato,sweetpotato,rice,wheat,tomato,fruits,whichcanbesoldinoutsidemarkets.Thiswillprovideemploymentinindustrieslocatedinsemi-ruralareasandnotnecessarilyinlargeurbancentres.

Q.DescribetheestimatesofthePlanningCommission(NITIAayog)tocreatejobsintourism informationtechnologyandeducation.

ThePlanningCommissionestimatesthatnearly35lakhjobscanbecreatedinthetourismsector.

Thegovernmentmustpromotethisbusinessastourism helpsalotofIndianstatesandtheirartisanstoearnrecognitionandincome.

Touristplaces,hotels,roads,etc.infrastructureshouldbepreparedforattractingmoretourists.

ITsectoratpresentisalsoboominginIndiawhichisprovidingmorejobopportunitiestoyoungergeneration.

ThePlanningCommissionestimatesthatnearly20lakhjobscanbecreatedintheeducationalsectoralone.

Formorechildrentoattendschool,moreteachersandmoreinfrastructurewillberequired.

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DAY-4

TEACINGMATERIAL

MGNREGA2005

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KeyFeaturesofMGNREGA

MGNREGAisoneofthelargestworkguaranteeprogrammesintheworld.

Objective:Theprimaryobjectiveoftheschemeistoguarantee100daysofemploymentineveryfinancialyeartoadultmembersofanyruralhouseholdwillingtodopublicwork-relatedunskilledmanualwork.

LegalRighttoWork:Unlikeearlieremploymentguaranteeschemes,theactaimsataddressingthecausesofchronicpovertythrougharights-basedframework.Atleastone-thirdofbeneficiarieshavetobewomen.Wagesmustbepaidaccordingtothestatutoryminimum wagesspecifiedforagriculturallabourersinthestateundertheMinimum WagesAct,1948.

Demand-DrivenScheme:ThemostimportantpartofMGNREGA’sdesignisitslegally-backedguaranteeforanyruraladulttogetworkwithin15daysofdemandingit,failingwhichan‘unemploymentallowance’mustbegiven.Thisdemand-drivenschemeenablestheself-selectionofworkers.

DAY-5

TEACINGMATERIAL

Q.WhatisanOrganisedSector?Givesomebenefitsoftheorganisedsector.Ans:-OrganisedSectorcoversthoseenterprisesorplaceofworkWherethetermsof

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employmentareregularandtherefore,peoplehaveassuredwork.Theyareregisteredbythegovernment.

Benefitsoforganisedsectorsare

I. Workersenjoysecurityofemployment.Theyareexpectedtoworkonlyforafixednumberofhours.

II.Iftheyworkmore,theyhavetobepaidovertimebytheemployer.III.Theygetpaidleaves,paymentduringholidays,providentfund,etc.IV.Theyareregisteredbythegovernmentandhavetofollowtherulesandregulations.

Q.Whatdoyoumeanby'UnorganisedSector'?Mentionthemainfeaturesofthissector.Ans:-Itreferstothatsectorwhichcoversthoseenterprisesorplaceofworkwheretermsofemploymentarenotregularanddonotfollowanyrulesorregulations.

Mainfeaturesofunorganisedsectorare

I. Workersinthissectordonotgetregularandsecuredemployment.II.TheyareoutsidethecontroloftheGovernmentandtheyarenotregisteredanddonot

followrulesandregulations.III.Employmentisnotsecure.Peoplecanbeaskedtoleavewithoutanyreasonorinseasons

whenthereislesswork.IV.Workersinthissectorenjoynobenefitslikeprovisionsforovertime,paidleave,holidays,

pensionandmedicalbenefitsandoftenworkinunsuitableconditions.

Q.Howcanworkersbeprotectedintheunorganisedsector?I. Governmentcanfixtheminimum wagesrateandworkinghours.II.Governmentcanprovidecheaploanstotheselfemployedpeople.III.Governmentcanprovidecheapandaffordablebasicserviceslikeeducation,health,foodto

theseworkers.IV.Governmentcanframenewlawswhichcanprovideprovisionforovertime,paidleave,leave

duetosickness,etc.V.Farmersshouldbesupportedthroughadequatefacilityfortimelydeliveryofagricultural

inputs,seeds,credit,storageandmarketingfacilities.VI.Small-scaleindustryshouldbesupportedforproducingrawmaterialandmarketingtheir

outputwhichwillalsohelpthetasualworkers.VII.Stepsshouldbetakensothatworkersfrom scheduledcastes,tribalandbackward

communitiesdonotfacesocialdiscrimination.

Q.Distinguishbetweenpublicsectorandprivatesector.

ThePublicSector

Inthesector,governmentownsmostoftheassetsanditisthepartoftheeconomyconcernedwithprovidingvariousgovernmentalservices.

Thepurposeofthepublicsectorisnotjusttoearnprofits.Governmentsraisemoneythroughtaxesandotherwaystomeetexpensesontheservicesrenderedbyit.

ThePrivateSector

Intheprivatesector,ownershipofassetsanddeliveryofservicesisinthehandsofprivateindividualsorcompanies.

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Itissometimesreferredasthecitizensector,whichisrunbyprivateindividualsorgroups,usuallyasameansofenterpriseforprofit,andisnotcontrolledbutregulatebytheState.

Activitiesintheprivatesectorareguidedbythemotivetoearnprofits.Togetsuchserviceswehavetopaymoneytotheseindividualsandcompanies.

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