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Chapter 9.notebook
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March 13, 2012
Mar 22:43 PM
Chapter 9
Grade: 112Subject:Chemistry
Date:March 12
Mar 22:45 PM
1 Acid, Base, Ionic or Molecular? HBr
A Acid
B Base
C Ionic
D Molecular
Mar 22:45 PM
2 Acid, Base, Ionic, Molecular? Ca(OH)2
A Acid
B Base
C Ionic
D Molecular
Mar 22:47 PM
3 Acid, Base, Ionic or Molecular? HgSO4
A Acid
B Base
C Ionic
D Molecular
Mar 22:48 PM
4 Acid, Base, Ionic, Molecular? CuSO3
A Acid
B Base
C Ionic
D Molecular
Mar 22:49 PM
5 Acid, Base, Ionic, Molecular? MgSO4 ‐ 9H2O
A Acid
B Base
C Ionic
D Molecular
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6 Acid, Base,Ionic, Molecular? CO
A Acid
B Base
C Ionic
D Molecular
Mar 22:50 PM
7 Name: CO
A Monocarbon monoxide
B Carbon Monxide
C Carbon oxide
D Carbonate
Mar 22:51 PM
8 Name: MgS
A Magnesium sulfate
B Magnesium (II) sulfide
C Magnesium (II) sulfate
D Magnesium sulfide
Mar 22:52 PM
9 Name: HgO
A mercury (II) oxide
B mercury (III) oxide
C mercury oxide
D mercury hydroxide
Mar 22:53 PM
10 Name: ZnSO4
A Zinc (II) sulfide
B Zinc sulfate
C Zinc (II) sulfate
D Zinc sulfide
Mar 22:54 PM
Remember: ATOMS: are electrically neutral because they have the same number of protons (+) and electrons ().
IONS are atoms or groups of atoms that have a charge (+) or () because they have lost or gained electrons (protons never move!)
ANIONS are negative ions. F, O2 GAINED electrons
CATIONS are positive ions. Na+, Mg2+. LOST electrons.
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How do we know what kinds of ions elements form?? Look at it's location on the periodic table
Pull
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Group 3A : electrons to form 3+
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Group 5A
Mar 1112:36 PM
Pull
Pull Group 6A:
electrons to form 2 ions
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Group 7A:electron to form 1 ions
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Group 8A: Stable noble gases form ions!
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Group B: Many transition elements have more than one possible oxidation state.
Mar 111:00 PM
Naming Cations: • If the charge is always the same (like group A metals) just write the name of the metal. • If it is a metal that can have more than one type of charge, indicate the charge as a roman numeral in brackets after the name. (How do you tell?)• Some of the post transition metals also have more than one possible oxidation state. Ex: Tin (II) =Sn2+, Tin (IV)= Sn4+, Lead (II)=Pb2+, Lead (IV) =Pb4+• Some Group B elements have only one possible oxidation state and do not require a roman numeral. ex: Silver=Ag+, Zinc=Zn2+, Cadmium =Cd2+
Mar 111:15 PM
Try These: Name the Ion• Na+
• Ca2+
• Al3+
• Fe3+
Try these: Write the Symbol• Potassium ion• Magnesium Ion• Copper (II) ion• Chromium (III) ion
Mar 111:19 PM
Naming Anions:• Anions are always the same charge• change the ending to ide• Example: Fluorine becomes the Fluoride ion (F) and Sulfur becomes Sulfide ion (S2)
Try These: • Cl
• N3
• O2
• Sulfide ion• Iodide ion
Mar 111:26 PM
Polyatomic Ions: Groups of atoms that stay together and have an overall charge, and one name. Where do we find these? How do we name them? Examples: • Acetate• Nitrite• Sulfate• Permanganate• Hydroxide• Ammonium
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Putting Them Together
Writing Ionic Compound Formulas:
• REMEMBER: Ionic compounds must be electrically neutral ~ same number of positive charges and negative charges. • Example: Na+ and Cl
Na Cl
• Only one of each is needed. • Example: Ba2+ and SO4
2 , Barium has 2 positives and the Sulfate ion has 2 negatives so only one of each is needed to make BaSO4• Example: Fe3+ and Cl, the three positives iron has need three negatives to make a neutral compound. Three chlorines, therefore are needed. FeCl3
Cl Fe Cl
Cl
• Example: Al3+ and S2, in this case you need to find the lowest common multiple of the two charges, in this case its 6. Multplu the Aluminum ion by two and the Sulfide ion by 3 > Al2S3. There are now 6 positives and 6 negatives and the compound is neutral.
Al S
S
Al S
Mar 112:01 PM
Steps: Example ammonium carbonate
Step 1: Write the formulas for each the anion and cationNH4
+ and CO32
Step 2: Check to see if the charges are balancedNH4
+ and CO32
+1 2Step 3: Balance the charges, if necessary using subscripts. Use brackets if you are using more than one polyatomic ion. Need 2 ammoniums for the carbonate ion
(NH4)2CO3
Try These: • zinc hydroxide• iron (II) phosphate• ammonium chromate
Mar 112:08 PM
Naming Ionic Compounds:1. Name the cation first, then the anion.
2. If it is a monoatomic cation, name of the element: Ca2+ = calcium ion
3. If it is a monoatomic anion, it is the root of the element + ide Cl2= chloride
CaCl2 = calcium chloride
• some metals can form more than one charge • use a roman numeral in their name, use the anion it is attached to, to determine the charge. • Example: PbCl2 knowing cloride is always 1, Pb must be Pb2+ PbCl2 = lead (II) chlorideTry These: • MgSO4• Fe(OH)3
Mar 128:06 AM