chapter 2: molecules, ions, and compounds
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds. MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended structures. What we’ll cover…. Compound Formulas Ions Monatomic Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Molecular Compounds - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds
MACROSCOPIC SCALEElements combine to make compounds.
ATOMIC SCALEAtoms combine to make molecules, or
extended structures.
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What we’ll cover…• Compound Formulas• Ions
– Monatomic– Polyatomic
• Ionic Compounds• Molecular Compounds• Other types of extended Structures
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Compound Formulas
Examples:NaCl
CH3OH
(NH4)2SO4
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Three Types of Compounds
Molecular Covalent Extended Covalent
Ionic
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Types of Formulas
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IONS
CationsFormed by losing
electrons.Have a positive
charge.Formed mainly
from metals.
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IONS
CationsFormed by losing
electrons.Have a positive
charge.Formed mainly
from metals.
AnionsFormed by
gaining electrons.
Have a negative charge.
Formed mainly from nonmetals.
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Monatomic Ions- Formed from single atoms
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Naming IONS
CationsName of element + “ion”Na+ = sodium ionMg2+ = magnesium ion
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Naming IONS
CationsName of element + “ion”Na+ = sodium ionMg2+ = magnesium ion
AnionsName of element with
–ide ending + “ion”Cl- = chloride ionO2- = oxide ion
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Polyatomic Ions you need to know
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Ionic Compound Formulas
Total cation charge = Total anion charge
Ex: Na+ and Cl- make ________
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Ionic Compound Formulas
Total cation charge = Total anion charge
Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaClMg2+ and Cl- make ________
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Ionic Compound Formulas
Total cation charge = Total anion charge
Ex: Na+ and Cl- make NaClMg2+ and Cl- make MgCl2
NH4+ and SO4
2- make _________
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Naming Ionic Compounds
Name = cation name + anion name
Ex:NaCl =NH4Br =
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Molecular Compounds
Nonmetal + nonmetal gives molecular compound
Ex: C + O
S + O
C + H
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Aside on gas prices…
Crude oil
Propane
Butane
Jet Fuel
Gasoline
Diesel/Heating
Longer molecules(asphalt/tar)
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Predicting Molecular Compound Formulas
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Naming Molecular Compounds
Binary Compounds form between 2 elements
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Naming Molecular Compounds
Binary Compounds form with 2 elements
Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion.
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Naming Molecular Compounds
Binary Compounds form with 2 elements
Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion.
Use prefixes to indicate numbers:2 = di3 = tri4 = tetra5 = penta
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Network Solids
• Held together like a molecule• Large and extended