chapter 9 proteins and their synthesis chapter 9 proteins and their synthesis copyright 2008 © w h...
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CHAPTER 9Proteins and Their Synthesis
CHAPTER 9Proteins and Their Synthesis
Copyright 2008 © W H Freeman and Company
CHAPTER OUTLINE9.1 Protein structure
9.2 Colinearity of gene and protein
9.3 The genetic code
9.4 tRNA: the adapter
9.5 Ribosomes
9.6 The proteome
Chapter 9 Opener
Surface of the ribosome from the bacterium Haloarcula marismortui
Figure 9-1
The binding of a drug molecule to the ribosome prevents translation
Protein structure
Figure 9-2a
The peptide bond
Figure 9-2b
The peptide bond
Figure 9-3
Levels of protein structure
Figure 9-3a
Levels of protein structure
Figure 9-3b
Levels of protein structure
Figure 9-3c
Levels of protein structure
Figure 9-3d
Levels of protein structure
Colinearity of gene and protein
Figure 9-4
Gene and protein sequences are colinear
The genetic code
Figure 9-5
Overlapping versus nonoverlapping genetic codes
Figure 9-6
The genetic code
tRNA: the adapter
Figure 9-7
The structure of transfer RNA
Figure 9-8
An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase attaches an amino acid to its tRNA
Figure 9-9
Two superimposed tRNAs
Figure 9-10
Wobble allows one tRNA to recognize two codons
Table 9-1
Table 9-2
Ribosomes
Figure 9-11
Protein and RNA molecules compose the two subunits of aribosome
Figure 9-12
rRNA folds up by intramolecular base pairing
Figure 9-13
Key sites of interaction in the ribosome
Figure 9-13a
Key sites of interaction in the ribosome
Figure 9-13b
Key sites of interaction in the ribosome
Figure 9-14
Shine–Dalgarno sequence
Figure 9-15
Translation initiation in prokaryotes
Figure 9-15 part 1
Translation initiation in prokaryotes
Figure 9-15 part 2
Translation initiation in prokaryotes
Figure 9-16
Translation initiation in eukaryotes
Figure 9-16 part 1
Translation initiation in eukaryotes
Figure 9-16 part 2
Translation initiation in eukaryotes
Figure 9-17
Steps in translation elongation
Figure 9-18
Termination of translation
Figure 9-19
A suppressor counteracts the effects of a nonsense mutation
The proteome
Figure 9-20
Alternative splicing produces related but distinct protein isoforms
Figure 9-21
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins
Figure 9-22
All protein interactions in an organism compose the interactome
Figure 9-23
Ubiquitinization targets a protein for degradation
Figure 9-24
Signal sequences target proteins for secretion