chapter 9-development
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Chapter 9-Development. A country’s level of development is categorized according to 3 factors: Economic Social Demographic Human Development Index (HDI)-created by United Nations & recognizes a country’s level of development. HDI (continued). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 9-Development
A country’s level of development is categorized according to 3 factors:
Economic Social Demographic Human Development Index (HDI)-created by
United Nations & recognizes a country’s level of development
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HDI (continued)
To create HDI the UN selects 1 economic factor, 2 social factors, & 1 demographic factor that an international team determines a country’s level of development.
Economic-gross domestic product Social-literacy rate & amount of education Demographic-life expectancy
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HDI-continued
Country with highest HDI-Norway US is usually in top 10 Canada & Japan were higher than Norway in 90s Other European countries typically in top 10 Lowest ranked country Sierra Leone 2 dozen lowest ranking countries from sub-Saharan
Africa
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Gross Domestic Product
GDP-value of the total output of goods & services produced in a country, normally during a year
GDP higher in MDC than LDC Per capita GDP measures average wealth
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Types of Jobs
Average per capita is higher in MDCs because people earn their living by different means than in LDCs
Jobs fall into 3 categories: primary, secondary, tertiary
Primary sector-workers in this sector directly extract materials from Earth through agriculture, mining, fishing, & forestry.
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Types of Jobs (continued)
Secondary sector includes manufacturers that process, transform, & assemble raw materials into useful products. Other secondary sector industries take manufactured goods and make them into finished consumer goods.
Tertiary sector-involves taking goods & services to people in exchange for payment. Includes retailing, banking, law, and government. Most of U.S. falls in this category-providing goods and services and linking producers and consumers.
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Quarternary and Quinary Sector
Quaternary-white collar professionals working in education, government, jobs in research & information processing, management
Quinary-executive decision makers,corporate management, CEOs, ecotourism, management planning (example: Saudis buying property in U.S.)
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Productivity
Productivity-value of a particular product compared to amount of labor needed to make it
Value added-occurs in manufacturing; gross value of product minus costs of raw materials and energy
Raw materials-turning minerals and trees into useful products
Consumer goods-things we as consumers buy
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Education and Literacy
The higher the level of development, the greater are both the quantity and quality of a country’s education
MDCs-students attend average 10 years in school, LDCs-just a few years
Literacy rate-% of a country’s people who can read and write
Health and welfare-people are healthier in MDCs-health is determined by diet
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Life Expectancy
Life expectancy Infant mortality rate Natural increase rate Crude birth rate
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Key Issue 2
Create a graphic organizer for more developed countries-include some important facts-pp. 302-305
Create a graphic organizer for less developed countries-pp. 305-309
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Rostow’s Development Model-page 316 Rostow in 1950s proposed a 5-stage model
of development 1. The traditional society 2. The preconditions for takeoff 3. The takeoff 4. The drive to maturity 5. The age of mass consumption
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4 Asian Dragons-page 317
These countries were among the 1st to adopt international trade alternatives:
South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, & Hong Kong Also known as “4 little tigers”-they lacked natural
resources so to compensate for this they promoted development by concentrating on manufactured goods (clothing, electronics). In turn they sold these products to MDCs.
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World Trade Organization
WTO was established to promote international trade
Enforce agreements among one another Try to negotiate reduction or elimination of
trade restrictions