Chapter 8

Section 3Segregation and Discrimination

Racism during this time period…

• Segregation– almost every aspect of southern society was

segregated by law.– schools and neighborhoods in many

northern cities were segregated.

• Violence/ Lynchings – White southerners used violence to prevent

Africans Americans from demanding equality

– Racial violence in the north was more random and less systematic.

Racism during this time period…

• Voting Rights– following reconstruction African Americans

were deprived of their right to vote. – denied them political power and allowed

whites to run the government any way they chose.

• Voting Limitations– Grandfather clause– Poll tax– Literacy Tests

Jim Crow Laws

• Southern states passed these laws to enforce segregation.

• Separated black and white people in public and private places.

• Schools, hospitals, parks, and transportation systems are examples.

Ida B. Wells

• Teacher turned newspaper editor in Memphis, TN.

• Wrote about 3 friends who were lynched.

• Fought against violence and discrimination by writing, lecturing, and organizing groups.

Plessy v. Ferguson

• May 18, 1896• Supreme Court ruled

that segregation was legal and did not violate 14th Amendment.

• Established “separate but equal” doctrine.

• The decision lasted for almost 60 years.

Violence

• Blacks were often accused of violating “the racial etiquette” and faced severe punishment including death.

• From 1882 – 1892, more than 1,400 African Americans were shot, burned, or hanged without a trial in the south.

• Lynching: to execute without due process.

Western Discrimination

• Racial tensions affected Mexicans, Asians, Native Americans, and African Americans.

• Debt Peonage: a system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer.

• Chinese immigrants were segregated into neighborhoods and schools.– Ch. 7 – Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Dawn of Mass Culture

Leisure• Amusement Parks –

Coney Island 1884• Bicycling and Tennis• Coca Cola – 1886

Atlanta• Baseball & Boxing

– National League – 1876– American League –

1900

Literature and Fine Arts

• Joseph Pulitzer – innovations in newspapers

• William Randolph Hearst– Sensational newspaper

stories.– Tried to compete with

Pulitzer

• Mark Twain– Novelist & Humorist– Wrote American classics such

as the adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Shopping

• Marshall Field– Chicago 1865– Opened first department store

• Chain Stores• Catalogs and RFD