chapter 7. the cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. cell theory...
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CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CHAPTER 7
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The CELL is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
CELL THEORY states◦1. All living things are composed of cells◦2. Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things◦3. New cells are produced from living cells
Section 1 NOTES
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1. Robert Hooke – viewed a thin slice of cork with an early compound microscope (1665)◦ Name them cells because of a monastery’s tiny
rooms.
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek - observed tiny organisms in drops of pond water (1674)
The History of the Cell
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3. Matthias Schleiden – Concludes that all plants are made of cells (1838)
4. Theodor Schwann – Based upon Schleiden’s work, concludes animals are living so all animals are also made up of cells (1839
History of the Cell
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5. Rudolph Virchow – proposes that all cells come from existing cells completing the cell theory (1855)
6. Lynn Margulis ◦ Endosymbiont Theory – Prokaryotic organisms
(mitochondria and chloroplasts) were once free living but began a symbiotic relationship with larger multi-cellular organisms. Contain their own DNA Have their own membranes Reproduce independent of cell
History of the Cell
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Contain their own DNA Have their own membranes Reproduce independent of cell
Endosymbiotic Theory
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What is a Light microscope?◦ Advantages/Disadvantages?
What is an Electron microscope?◦ Advantages/Disadvantages?
*** NEW TECHNOLOGY 1990s ***Scanning probe microscope – traces the surface of a sample.◦ Images of DNA, Protein molecules, and other
important biological structures
Studying the Structure and Movement of the Cell
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Complete the Venn Diagram to compare the characteristics of a prokaryote and a eukaryote.
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
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Both are living things
Both are surrounded by a cell membrane
Both contain DNA
What class of organic molecules is DNA?
What is its monomer? 3 Parts?What is the function of DNA?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
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1. Do not contain a nucleus 2. Smaller and simpler 3. DNA is free floating within the cell 4. Grow, reproduce, respond to environment
Some can move or swim
Example: bacteria
Prokaryotes
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1. Contain a nucleus that contains DNA separate from rest of cell
2. Larger and more complex 3. Dozens of Highly specialized membranes
and structures 4. Single celled to large complex multi-
cellular organisms
Examples: Plants, animals, fungi, and algae
Eukaryotes