Chapter 7 Life in the New Nation

Chapter 7 Life in the New Nation Life in the New Nation1783-1850

Cultural, Social, and Religious life in AmericaChapter 7: Section 1In the early 1800s the culture, religion, and social practices of Americans adapted to meet the challenges of a new and growing nation.

By: Carly Norris, Christina Norwood, and ?

Cultural AdvancementsAmerican Scholars and ArtistsEducationRepublican Virtues

By: Carly Norris, Christina Norwood, and ? ?

American Scholars and ArtistsTheir goal was to improve the lives of all Americans. The reason that the scholars emerged was because of increased prosperity.

Mercy Otis WarrenFrom: Plymouth, MassachusettsShe wrote several patriotic plays encouraging the cause of independence.Wrote a book called The History of the American RevolutionBenjamin RushFrom: PennsylvaniaHe was a doctor, scientist, and a revolutionary who signed the Declaration of Independence, published numerous books on chemistry and medicine.Benjamin BannekerFrom: MarylandWorked as a writer, inventor, mathematician, and astronomer. Mapped out Washington DC. Published the first issue of the Almanac detailing the motions of the moon, sun, planets and stars.Charles WilsonFrom: PennsylvaniaArtist who painted more than 1000 portraits in his life. Served as a soldier in the Revolution.Founded the first major museum in the new nation.Phillis WheatleyFrom: Sengal, West AfricaWrote poems called Poems on various subjects, religious and moral.Was a slave and was lucky that she was allowed to read and write.

EducationAmerican began to see/believe that children's education as means of developing a rich an uniquely American culture. American Spelling Book: Written by Noah Webster, and first appeared in 1783. The book was like a major dictionary, practically developing standards for the natural language. Webster also backed up this call by creating the American Dictionary of the English Language.1789, Massachusetts legislature made teachers present in class the principles of piety, justice, and a sacred regard to truth, love to their countrychastity, moderation, and temperance. and any other things that regarded the Republican Constitution.

Republican VirtuesThe virtues that the American people would need to govern themselves were called Republican Virtues. This included self-reliance, hard work, frugality, harmony, and sacrificing individual needs for the good of the community. They looked to women for these virtues because of their roles of wives, mothers, and teachers. Because of this, women began attending schools to learn how to be republican women. PopulationBy: Kat St.GeorgeGrowthChapter 7Section 1 Social Changes

About 2.7 million people lived in the original 13 states in 1780By 1830 the population grew to about 12 million people in 24 statesFrom 1780-1830 the population doubled every 20 years

Population Growth

About 90% of the population growth came from the amount of children born in each familyIn the 1800s, the average woman had 5 kidsDuring the early 1800s about 130 of every 1,000 children died before their 1st birthdayToday the rate is only 7 deaths per 1,000 birthsChildren

The median age in 1820 was 17Today the median age is 35Median Age

Ch 7, Section 1 - Social ChangesMobility

Dont know who did this section.SECTION 1:

New Rules for Courtship and Marriage Katie Chapman

social changesWomen & MarriageOne of the few decision women had some control over was her choice of marriage partner. Marriage had become a matter of survival because there were few job opportunities for women.Women learned how to judge a potential mate by reading books. Courtship in the 1800s Courtship: A long period of getting acquainted with suitors before committing themselves to marry.In this time period, women were becoming more cautious about marriage. They waited a long time to get to know their future husband. In the time period of courtship, couples often wrote love letters to each other.Whether true love or not, courtship lead to the marriages that were building the new nation.

Country Wedding (1814). The painting pokes fun at young love and newly married couples.

Chapter 7 section 1Religious RenewalThe Second Great AwakeningBy: Kayla Burgess

Powerful religious movement in the early 1800s

Began in Kentucky and Tennessee

Evangelical movement affection Protestant ChristiansStressed the importance of the Congregation (members), rather then ministers

Also the revival brought back people to a religious life and accepting belief in Jesus

This created several new denominations

Three ideas:Christian Bible, known as the Script is the finial authority

Salvation can be achieved only through personal belief in Jesus

People demonstrate true faith called witnessing for ChristChapter 7 Section 1Religious RenewalNew DenominationsBy: Grace Long During the Second Great Awakening several Protestant denominations (religious subgroups) experienced rapid growth.

The United States soon had more different Christian denominations than any other nation. The new denominations included the following:BaptistsMethodistsUnitariansMormonsMillennialistsCh. 7, Section 1- Religious Renewal: African American WorshipTyler BishopA4

African American preacher, Juliann Jane TillmanAfrican American WorshipLike white Americans, many African Americans turned to evangelical religionThey found a strong sense of community in Methodism and other Protestant denominationsAs African Americans joined Christian churches, black and white traditions blended together. African Americans focused mainly on themes that held a double meaning. Believed that most important feature of a person was the content of their character. African American Worship Cont.African Americans sometimes felt unwelcome in white-dominated churches.Tensions between whites and African Americans increased as African Americans became more assertive about sharing in democratic liberty. They then created their own church called the African Methodist Episcopal Church, consisting of 86 churches and 8,000 members.Elected Richard Allen, who was a leader in the creation of the AME, as bishop of the church.The democratic nature of the Second Great Awakening had attracted many African Americans to the churches of evangelical denominations. The evangelical churches were not able to establish real equality for African Americans. Ch 7, Section 2 - Trails to the WestIn the early years of the republic, many people traveled west over the Appalachians to settle in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys. Later, settlers would cross the continent to the Great Salt Lake and Pacific Coast.Ch. 7, Section 2 crossing the Appalachians By Eli William-The biggest reason for expansion westward across the Appalachians was because it was getting to over populated!! (people wanted elbow room!!!!)-The are they were trying to reach was called The Trans-Appalachia

The way they made it across the trans Appalachia was through main roads and water ways. The main roads consisted of Mohawk trail as well as the Great Valley and Richmond Road.Most of the population settled in the Ohio river valley

Ch7, Section2- Crossing the AppalachiansSettling in the WildernessAlex DandridgeTrans- AppalachiaPeople from many different backgrounds (religions and ethnic groups) settled in the areas west of the Appalachian Mountains. This area became known as Trans-Appalachia. In 1792 nearly 75000 settlers had settled in Trans-Appalachia. When people left to settle in the west, the whole family went together. Once people had reached their destination out west, they had no work. They were forced to plant crops, clear trees, and build log cabins for themselves. Below is a route that took settlers to the west through the Cumberland Gap, which became the main route to the western regions.

Daniel BooneDaniel Boone became a legend. He had hunted in Kentucky as early as 1767 and survived a clash with a band of Cherokee Indians in 1773. Boone was hired by the Transylvania Company, to cut a road in the wilderness through the Cumberland gap. This road enabled people to pass through the gap.

Northwest Ordinance

9800 slaves had moved west with their owners. The Northwest-Ordinance of 1787 stated that there would be no slavery in the areas north of the Ohio River. This included places like Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan.

Ch 7, Section 2 Crossing the Appalachians Forcing Native Americans WestBy: Chase Steele

The DetailsAmericans wanted land real bad. So they crossed the Apps. And tried to make Indians leave there territory for free land.Cities and towns became overpopulated, needed more farm land. The U.S. govt pressured tribes to move west.The govt saw this land as perfect reservation land in the Louisiana Terr.But the land was thought to be un-farmable.

More DetailsFederal Agents would bribe some tribe leaders.Most of the tribes moved in the res.Many died from foreign diseases, starvation, and many epidemics.The Indian population decreased by a lot!!

Chapter 7, Section 2 Expanding into FloridaSpanish OccupationIn 1795 the United States and Spain agreed to the Pinckney Treaty. Named after Thomas Pinckney, Who arranged it. It stated that 1) The southern boundary of the United States was set at 31 degrees N latitude, leaving Florida firmly in Spanish hands.

Ch 7 Section 2- Continued United states citizens would be allowed free use to the Mississippi river through Spanish territory.They both agreed to control the Native Americans within their borders to prevent them from attacking.

Socha What happen with the Seminole and Andrew Jackson?

The Seminole WarsIn March 1818 General Jackson led 2000 men to burn & capture Spanish towns of Seminole Indians. Eventually they captured western Florida. Spain was not happy when America wouldnt apologize and give the land back. Spain eventually agreed to give the remainder of Florida if America gave them parts of Texas, creating a new border between U.S. and Spanish territories. This resolution was called the Adams- Onis Treaty.Ch 7, Section 2 - Bound for the PacificThe Oregon Country Bound for the PacificThe Oregon CountryEmily Deaton

Fur TradeLand beyond the Rocky Mountains was called the Oregon CountryYankee merchants traded for furs with Indians. Fur traders, called Mountain Men, adopted Indian ways.

Claiming the Oregon CountryBy the early 1800s, four different nations (United States, Great Britain, Russia, and Spain) had all claimed rights to the Oregon Country. Great Britain signed the Convention of 1818, agreeing to joint occupation.

Arrival of MissionariesMissionaries were sent to the Oregon Country, although most missionaries increased hostility instead of converting the Indians.

Chapter 7, Section 2Bound for the PacificBy:Bizz AlidostOverland TravelersMain route across the vast central plain and the Rocky MountainsJourney to the Oregon country took four to six monthsVery expensive $500-$1000 to make the tripReason for the journey was to obtain landMany of the pioneers also enjoyed the challenge and independence of life on the frontierDisease was a deadly threat to the pioneers more than the Native AmericansCholera killed as many as 10,000 pioneers between 1840 and 1860By 1845 more than 5,000 Americans had migrated to the Oregon Country Wagon trains traveled along the Oregon Trail

Mormon Migrations By: Noel Baker

Mormons- a religious group founded by Joseph Smith in New York state.

Mormons were harassed by neighbors who condemned their beliefs causing them to migrate in 1839 to Nauvoo, Illinois.

Relations with neighbors in Illinois broke down in part because smith revealed that the Mormons allowed men to have more than one wife at the same time

1844- a hostile mob killed Smith and his brother and the Mormons moved once again.

1847- Hundreds of Mormons left their temporary camps in Iowa for new homes in the valley of the Great Salt Lake. The Route they followed came to be called the Mormon trail.

Mormons prospered as farmers and traders by skillfully irrigating their desert region and by selling food and supplies to pioneers heading to California and Oregon.

Ch 7, Section 2 Bound For The PacificGOLD RUSHThe California gold rush began in 1848 when gold was discovered by a carpenter building a saw mill

Who Did this section?

The News Hits The East CoastThe news of gold in California filled the papers in the eastern United States. Americans moved by the masses to California in the hope that they would strike it rich

The 49ers A year later the population of California had exploded from 14,000 to over 100,000 people, these people were called 49ers,

Ch 7, Section 3 The Great Plains and Southwest The Migration of Spaniards from central Mexico and settlers the United States in the Great Plains, California, and the Rio Grande Valley led to economic and political changes.Ch 7, Section 3 Plains IndiansThe Impact of the Horse

Unknown?New Nations and New SettlersBy Will WoodwardMany of the nomads on the great plains were newcomers, making them very vulnerable to native American attacks.The Crow tribe was the long dominate tribe of the plains but the native Americans that were kicked out of the east (Cheyenne, Sioux, Comanche and the Blackfeet) all moved to the plainsThe plains and means of travel!

The Decline of VillagesVillages started to decline because of the introduction of the horse. This allowed people to become vastly nomadic.With this new nomadic behavior there were major land disputes and the Indian wars started. The southern Native Americans were the Comanche, Apache and Navajo. The Comanche was the dominate tribe.The Sioux, Arapaho, and Cheyenne were the tribes in the north. Instead of fighting they were all in an alliance together.Randomo pictures

Ch 7, Section 3 Hispanic North AmericaSpanish ColoniesChapter 7, Section 3: Hispanic North AmericaSpanish ColoniesJeremy CummingsJeremy CummingsLate 1600s/Early 1700sDuring this period of time Spain was losing power of the New Mexico area because of constant fighting with Native American tribesThe settlements in the New Mexico became few and far between, forcing the Spanish to move into the Texas region along the Rio Grande RiverDuring this period of time Spain was also threatened by opposition from other European nations trying to gain control of the same territory

Jeremy CummingsMid 1700sSpain wanted more North American territory, sought control of the area which is now California because they feared Britain or Russia would take over the areaThe Spanish created a number of missions and presidos (forts) along the coast; 21 in allThe missionaries tried to convert many of the natives to ChristianityThese California settlements grew while the settlements in New Mexico and Texas did not see much growth

Jeremy CummingsLate 1700sThe settlements in California owed much of their success to Indian labor; the Indians were treated and many rebelled or abandoned the settlements (Indian populations decreased by about 50%)In the late 1700s the settlements in New Mexico began to growIndian attacks on the frontier did not allow for the settlement vast farmlands like in that of the other colonies, so people began to move closer together and form big cities (Albuquerque)

Jeremy CummingsChapter 7 Section 3Hispanic North AmericaEffects of Mexican IndependenceBy: Alexis LatonaMexico won its independence from Spain in 1821Greater DemocracyMen were now free to elect representatives to the new government in Mexico CityGranted land rights to hundreds of wealthy, influential citizenswidened the gap between the between rich and poor in Mexicos northern territoriesCaravans of wagons traveled regularly along the Santa Fe trail

American fur traders and merchants took advantage of economic openingsMexican government loosened the rules affecting trade with American merchantsStronger commercial ties encouraged some Americans to settle in northern MexicoMexico

People

Miguel HidalgoPriest that triggered a rebellion that spread throughout southern Mexico

Agustin De IturbideA respected army officer that joined forces with rebels, resulting in a quick victoryCh 7, Section 3 Texas Fights for IndependenceThe start of the Colony by 7488American settlers migrated to Texas in 1822.

The colony was led by Stephen Austin.

The colony mostly consisted of Ohio farmers.

ContinuedTexas had good soil for growing cotton.

In 1825 there was 1,800 immigrants in the colony.

By 1830 there was 7,000 immigrants in the colony.Ch 7-3 Texas Fights for Independence By: Conner 1822Problems ariseMany immigrants lived in Stephen Austins colony in TexasA lot of these immigrants were farmers who found fertile land to grow cotton.

Texas Independence continuedBy 1830, the amount of Americans in Texas was almost double the Mexican populationMexico passed a law prohibiting further American Settlement as well as importation of slaves.Americans continued to cross the border, bringing their slaves with them.Five years later the American population was at 35,000War BeginsAmericans pushed for independence, fighting for the same rights they were granted in the United States.General Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna became dictator.American and Mexican Settlers strived for self-government.This eventually led to the Texas War for Independence in October of 1835.

Battle of the Alamo By Bailey RandolphThe Alamo was a ruined Spanish mission in San Antonio converted into a fortress.Battle was between the vastly larger Mexican troops (Santa Anna was the leader) and the Texans.Texan leaders included William Travis, James Bowie, and the legendary frontiersman Davy Crockett.

Battle of the AlamoSanta Annas forces seemed more likely to win but the Texans surprised the over confident troops on April 21.Texans captured Santa Anna on May 14 and forced him to sign the Treaty of Valasco, recognizing the Republic of Texas

Texas War Of Independence OutcomesBy Ben HohmanThe Alamo: When a group of 200 Texans fought a larger Mexican force in a battle that lasted 13 days.Treaty of Velasco: Treaty which recognized The Republic of Texas.

Outcomes: ContinuedCitizens of Texas later elected Sam Houstan as their president and drafted a constitution that modeled the U.S Constitution.