unit 4: an expanding nation chapter 12: northern life
TRANSCRIPT
UNIT 4: AN EXPANDING NATIONCHAPTER 12: NORTHERN LIFE
Section 12.1 – The Industrial
Revolution
UNIT 4 PRE-ASSESSMENT
Complete the Unit 4 Pre-Assessment.
FLASHBACK
Answer the flashback question from Section 12.1 in your Social Studies Notebook.
PREVIEW
Answer the Preview Question from Section 12.1 in your Social Studies Notebook.
VOCABULARY
Using the vocabulary words from Section 12.1, complete a vocabulary Word Cluster. Set up your word cluster like the example below.Word and Definition
Synonym
Antonym
Use it in a sentence
Illustration:
NOTE TAKING
As you read Section 12.1, you will structure your notes in your social studies notebook using Cornell Notetaking.
Topic Information
Summary of Section:
THE REVOLUTION BEGINS NOTES
At the start of the 1700s, majority of people in Europe and U.S. were farmers
A greater demand in Europe for manufactured goods led to a change
Traditional manufacturing methods did not produce enough goods
People began to use machines to make things more efficient
The Industrial Revolution is a period of rapid growth in using machines for
manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s
Industrial Revolution began in the textile (clothes) industry
A large spinning frame was invented (Richard Arkwright) called the water frame, which produced dozens of cotton threads at the same time
The water frame lowered the cost of cotton cloth an increased production
MACHINES & PROCESSES NOTES
Samuel Slater, a British mechanic, immigrated to the U.S. He brought the secrets of the textile machines to U.S.
Most textile mills were located in New England
New England merchants had the money to invest and there were plenty of rivers and streams to supply power
Few mills were built in the South since southern farmers focused on
agriculture
Eli Whitney came up with interchangeable parts (using identical parts). Made machines easier to assemble and parts to replace
This led to mass production, the efficient production of large numbers of identical goods. Lowered prices and made more products accessible to public. Increase profits as well.
U.S. MANUFACTURING STARTS SLOW NOTES
There were few factories in U.S. and few people would choose factory work over owning their own land and working as farmers
Lower prices caused by British factories made it difficult for American manufacturers to compete
Trade restrictions with Great Britain during the War of 1812 forced Americans to purchase American goods, increasing American production and profits.
Americans realized they had relied too much on British goods
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Using your notes and referring back to the text, answer the formative assessment questions found throughout Section 12.1 in your social studies notebook.
REVIEW
Complete the Review Questions for Section 12.1 in your social studies notebook.
CLOSURE ACTIVITY
Complete the Business Proposal Letter Activity from Section 12.1.
ANALYZING PRIMARY SOURCES
Answer the Section 12.1 Primary Sources questions in your Social Studies Notebook.
ASSESSMENT
Complete the Section 12.1 Assessment.
UNIT 3: AN EXPANDING NATIONCHAPTER 12: NORTHERN LIFE
Section 12.2: Reforms
FLASHBACK
Complete the Flashback questions from Section 12.2 in your social studies notebook.
PREVIEW
Complete the Preview Question from Section 12.2 in your social studies notebook.
VOCABULARY
Using the vocabulary words from Section 12.2, complete a vocabulary Word Cluster. Set up your word cluster like the example below.Word and Definition
Synonym
Antonym
Use it in a sentence
Illustration:
NOTE TAKING
As you read Section 12.2, you will structure your notes in your social studies notebook using Cornell Notetaking.
WORKING LIFE CHANGES NOTES
At the start of the Industrial Revolution, mill owners could not find enough people to work because other jobs were available.
Slater developed the Rhode Island System, or hiring of families and dividing factory work into simple tasks.
Having families, even children, work in mills lowered the labor
costs. He built housing and provided company stores that gave employees credit
Mill towns sprung up, with company stores, houses, and more.
LOWELL SYSTEM NOTES
Based on water-powered textile mills that employed unmarried women from local farms. Included a loom that could both spin thread and weave cloth in the same mill.
Boarding houses were constructed for women, who were given meals along with their jobs.
Workers became known as
Lowell Girls.
Life in the mills was hard, working 12-14 hour days. The work environment was heavily controlled by the owners.
Cotton dust began to cause health problems.
WORKERS FORM UNIONS NOTES
Skilled craftspeople were threatened by the factories, who had to hire more workers and pay them lower wages to compete.
Factory wages decreased as competition for the jobs increased.
Immigration and Panic of 1837 created a large workforce looking for jobs,
lowering wages.
Workers formed Trade Unions, led often by women, who protested against poor working conditions.
Unions fought for a 10-hour workday and other reforms.
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Using your notes and referring back to the text, answer the formative assessment questions found throughout Section 12.2 in your social studies notebook.
REVIEW
Complete the review questions from Section 12.2 in your social studies notebook.
CLOSURE ACTIVITY
You will complete the Lowell Offering Magazine Closure Activity from Section 12.2.
ANALYZING GRAPHICS
Complete the Analyzing Graphics questions from Section 12.2 in your Social Studies Notebook.
ASSESSMENT
Complete the Section 12.2 Assessment on a separate sheet of paper.
UNIT 3: AN EXPANDING NATIONCHAPTER 12: NORTHERN LIFE
Section 12.3: Transportation &
Technology
FLASHBACK
Complete the Flashback questions from Section 12.3 in your social studies notebook.
PREVIEW
Complete the Preview Question from Section 12.3 in your social studies notebook.
VOCABULARY
Using the vocabulary words from Section 12.3, complete a vocabulary Word Cluster. Set up your word cluster like the example below.Word and Definition
Synonym
Antonym
Use it in a sentence
Illustration:
NOTE TAKING
As you read Section 12.3, you will structure your notes in your social studies notebook using Cornell Notetaking.
TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION NOTES
A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation during the 1800s
THE STEAMBOAT NOTES
In the early 1800s, the demand for steamboats increased
Steamboats could move up river with wind assistance
Increased trade, profits, and moved goods quick and cheaply
Gibbons v. Ogden – Gibbons
argued his federal license gave him the authority to operate a boat in New York. Supreme Court agreed, reinforcing the federal government’s ability to regulate trade between states.
THE RAILROAD NOTES
Steam-powered trains became in use during the 1830s
Trains hauled more freight than in most countries, making railroad companies some of the most powerful in the U.S.
Merchants could send goods to far off markets
Trains were fastest form of travel people had experienced
CHANGES IN AMERICA NOTES
Railroads and steamboats got goods to all markets faster and cheaper
Railroads guided the population growth. Towns sprung up at Railroad junctions and towns without railroads suffered.
Wood was replaced with coal as a source of fuel. Coal produced more energy than wood and was also used for heating homes
Demand for coal created the coal industry in many states
As the demand for coal increased, so did the demand for steel, which was stronger than iron.
The demand for steel fuel a greater demand for trains, which brought the steel to factories
Railroads contributed to the growth of logging, newspapers, deforestation, and increased the need for farmland
Helped create large cities such as Chicago
THE TELEGRAPH NOTES
A device that could send information over wires across great distances. Sent pulses of electric current through a wire.
Samuel F.B. Morse developed Morse code, or different combinations of dots and dashes that
represent letters
Was used to send information for businesses, government, newspapers, and private citizens
Telegraph grew with railroads, being strung on poles along railroads
STEAM POWER NOTES
Steam power replaced water power in factories in mid-1800s
Steam-powered factories could be built anywhere, not just by streams and rivers
Owners built factories closer to cities and transportation
centers, giving them access to workers and lower wages. They also reduced shipping costs.
People began to migrate from rural areas to cities for factory jobs
FARM EQUIPMENT & HOME LIFE NOTES
Steel plow and mechanical reaper allowed farmers to plant huge crop fields and work faster and more efficiently
Other inventions included sewing machines, iceboxes to store food, and iron cook
stoves
Many companies allowed people to use credit to purchase goods
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Using your notes and referring back to the text, answer the formative assessment questions found throughout Section 12.3 in your social studies notebook.
REVIEW
Complete the review questions from Section 12.3 in your social studies notebook.
CLOSURE ACTIVITY
You will complete the Transportation Revolution Diagram Closure Activity from Section 12.3.
ANALYZING CHARTS
Complete the Analyzing Charts questions from Section 12.3 in your Social Studies Notebook.
ASSESSMENT
Complete the Section 12.3 Assessment.