chapter 7 is social stratification universal? functionalist view • tumin’s critique of davis and...

Chapter 7

Global Stratification

Systems of Social Stratification -

Slavery

• Causes

• Conditions

– Temporary

– Not Necessarily: Inheritable, Powerless, Poor

• Bonded Labor in the New World

• Slavery in the New World

• Slavery Today

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Caste

• Birth determines status, which is lifelong

• India’s Religious Castes

• U.S. Racial Caste System

– From the moment of birth, race marked

everyone for life



Class

• Class System

• Based on Money and Material

Possessions

• Relatively Fluid

• Social Mobility



Other

• Global Stratification and the Status of

Women

– Gender is a basis for social stratification

• The Global Superclass

– Growing interconnections among the world’s

wealthiest people produce a global superclass



The Distribution of the Earth’s Wealth

Determinants of Social Class

• Karl Marx:

– The Means of Production

– Bourgeoisie

– Proletariat

– Class Consciousness

– False class consciousness

• Max Weber: Property, Power, & Prestige



Weber’s Three

Components of Social

Class

Why is Social Stratification

Universal? Functionalist View

• Davis and Moore’s Explanation

– Society Must Make Sure Positions are Filled

– Some Positions More Important than Others

– Important Positions Be Filled with Those

Qualified

– To Motivate Qualified People, They Must Be

Rewarded




• Tumin’s Critique of Davis and Moore

– How do We Know Positions Most Important?

– Stratification Should = Meritocracy

– It Ought to Benefit Everyone

• The Conflict Perspective: Class Conflict

and Scarce Resources




– Mosca’s Argument

– Marx’s Argument

– Current Applications of Conflict Theory

• Lenski’s Synthesis


How Do Elites Maintain

Stratification?

• Soft Control Versus Force

– Controlling People’s Ideas

– Controlling Information

– Stifling Criticism

– Big Brother Technology


Comparative Social Stratification

• Social Stratification in Great Britain

– Compared with Americans, the British are

very class conscious

• Social Stratification in the Former Soviet

Union

– Moscow reestablishes its authority; Mafia ties


Global Stratification: Three Worlds

• The Most Industrialized Nations

• The Industrializing Nations

• The Least Industrialized Nations

• Modifying the Model

– Oil-rich nations of the Middle East

– Kuwait is an excellent example



Global

Stratification:

Income of the

World’s

Nations


Global

Stratification:

Income of

the World’s

Nations

How Did World’s Nations Become

Stratified?

• Colonialism

• World System Theory

– The globalization of capitalism

• Culture of Poverty

• Evaluating the Theories

– Most sociologists prefer colonialism and world

system theory


Maintaining Global Stratification

• Neocolonialism

– Relevance Today

• Multinational Corporations

– Buying Political Stability

– Unanticipated Consequences

• Technology and Global Domination


Strains in the Global System

• It is never easy to maintain global

stratification

• Stream of Unanticipated Events

• Contradictions Rear Up

• Cracks in Global Banking


chapter 7 is social stratification universal? functionalist view • tumin’s critique of davis and...

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