chapter 6 power point

© Cengage Learning 2016© Cengage Learning 2016

An Invitation to Health: Building Your Future, Brief Edition, 9eDianne Hales

Managing Your Weight

6

© Cengage Learning 2016

After reading this chapter, the student should be able to:

• Outline the patterns of obesity among different populations in America

• Compare ways of defining a “healthy” weight

• Explain the factors that have contributed to the obesity epidemic

Objectives


• Discuss the impact of excess weight on health

• Review healthy approaches to gaining weight

• Assess ways of attaining and maintaining a healthy weight

• List the treatment options for extreme obesity

Objectives (cont’d.)


• Discuss the factors that lead to unhealthy eating on campus

• Recognize common forms of disordered eating and of eating disorders

Objectives (cont’d.)


• Steady increase in percentage of overweight or obese Americans over past 30 years

• Significant decline in obesity in children aged two to five years

• Americans have adopted better eating habits in past ten years

• Past 15 years: obesity prevalence flat among women, rising among men

Weight in America


• Campus dining options conducive to weight gain

• Students gain an average of 11 pounds the first year of college

• Approximately one-third of college students are overweight or obese

• About 11 percent of students reported using prescription stimulants to lose weight

Weight on Campus


• Body mass index (BMI)– Ratio between weight and height

– Correlates with body fat

• Healthy BMI range: 18.5 to 24.9

• Overweight BMI: 25 or greater

• Obese BMI: 30 or greater

• Class 2 obesity BMI: 35 to 40– Increased risk of premature death

What is a Healthy Weight?


• Waist circumference– Greater than 35 inches in women or 40 inches

in men signals greater health risks

• Waist-to-hip ratio– Women: ratio should be less than 0.8

– Men: ratio should be 0.9 or less

• Body fat– 7 to 25 percent ideal for men

– 16 to 35 percent ideal for women

Other Measures


• Unhealthy weight results from energy imbalance

• Some factors influencing daily calorie need– Gender

– Age

– Body frame size

– Basal metabolism

– Activity level

Understanding Weight Problems


• Factors influencing rise in weight– Bigger portions

– Consuming more calories than expended

– Fast food

– Trend toward physical inactivity

– Passive entertainment

– Genetics

– Social networks

– Marriage

How Did So Many Get So Fat?


• Higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes

• Increased risk of premature death

• Higher cardiovascular risk factors– Example: elevated blood pressure

• Physiological changes equal to 20 years of aging

• Cancer

Health Dangers of Excess Weight


• Rapid weight loss– Could indicate health problem

– See your doctor

• Strategies to consume more calories– Choose calorie-rich foods

– Eat more frequently

– Drink juice

– Exercise regularly to build appetite and muscle

If You’re Too Thin: How to Gain Weight


• Only two effective strategies– Eating less

– Exercising more

• Tips for success– Drink less soda and more water

– Eat less junk food

– Add more protein

– Weigh yourself regularly

– Watch less television

A Practical Guide to a Healthy Weight


• High-protein diets– 10 to 35 percent of calories from protein is

acceptable

– Too little carbohydrate can induce ketosis

• Low-carbohydrate, low-fat diets– Can be unsatisfying and difficult to maintain

Diets


• Daily caloric intake: 500 fewer calories than usual

• Relatively high in protein

• Moderately low in calories

• Low glycemic index

• Minimum 30 minutes moderate-intensity exercise daily

Key Components of a Healthy Diet


• Severe obesity poses extreme health risks

• Treatments– Prescription drug therapy

– Obesity surgery• Gastric bypass

• Banding

• 75 percent of patients lose half to three-quarters of excess weight and keep it off for two years

• Surgery itself poses risks

Treating Severe Obesity


• College women particularly at risk for unhealthy eating behaviors– Body image a primary factor

• College men perceive ideal body type as muscular– Can lead to muscle dysmorphia or reverse

anorexia

Unhealthy Eating on Campus


• Extreme dieting

• Compulsive overeating– Eating around the clock

– Cannot stop, even when feeling full

• Binge eating– Rapid consumption of a lot of food in a

relatively short period of time

Disordered Eating


• Severe restriction of food intake

• Results in constant hunger

• Intense fear of gaining weight

• Poor body image

• Two types of anorexia– Restrictive eating

– Binge eating and purging

Anorexia Nervosa


• Repeated binge eating– Occurs at least once a week for three months

• May include purging or not

• Non-purging bulimia– Fasting or excessive exercise used to

compensate for binges

• Average age for developing bulimia is 18

Bulimia Nervosa

chapter 6 power point

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