chapter 14 power point

© Cengage Learning 2016© Cengage Learning 2016

An Invitation to Health: Building Your Future, Brief Edition, 9eDianne Hales

A Healthier Environment

14

© Cengage Learning 2016

After reading this chapter, the student should be able to:

• Discuss the threats of unintentional injuries

• Outline the best practices for road safety

• Examine the statement that violence is a significant public health problem

• Discuss the consequences of campus violence on students

Objectives


• Assess the impact of sexual victimization and violence

• Discuss how our individual health depends on the health of our environment

• Analyze the impact of pollutants on the surrounding environment

• Enumerate the health threats posed by polluted air

Objectives (cont’d.)


• Explain the importance of safe drinking water

• Explain the importance of breathing clean air when indoors

• Review the ways that exposure to toxic chemicals can be harmful

• Describe radiation’s health threats

• Enumerate the factors that lead to hearing loss

Objectives (cont’d.)


• Accidents kill more college-age men and women than all other causes combined

• Most common types of injury– Road traffic injuries

– Drowning

– Burns

– Falls

– Poisoning

Unintentional Injury


• Factors in high accident rate among young drivers– Failure to scan the environment while driving

– Going too fast

– Being distracted by something inside or outside the vehicle

• Distracted driving– Causes nine deaths in the U.S. each day

Safety on the Road


• Visual– Taking eyes off the road

• Examples: reading a text or checking a navigation device

• Manual– Taking hands off the wheel

• Examples: texting, eating or drinking, and changing music

• Cognitive– Mind focused on something other than driving

Types of Distractions


• Do not text or talk on the phone

• Stay sober and alert

• Use seat belts

• Check for air bags

• Rein in road rage

• Cycle safely– Helmets protect against head injury

• Only 12 to 25 percent of college students wear helmets

Guidelines for Safety on the Road


• Violence can take many forms

• 13 young people die daily in the U.S. as a result of violence

• Mass shootings– Emerging national concern

– Shooters frequently share pattern of psychosocial traits, including mental health issues

Violence in America


• Common types of violence on campus– Assault, robbery, sexual assault, and rape

– More than half are committed by strangers

– Most crimes committed off-campus, and at night

• Overall violent crime rate has dropped in the past decade

Violence and Crime on Campus


• Hazing– May occur in fraternities or athletic teams

• Hate or bias crimes– Can generate fear and intimidation in targeted

groups

• Shootings, murders, and assaults– Uncommon

– Wide psychological effect on students• Including other campuses

Types of Campus Violence


• Any situation in which a person is deprived of free choice and forced to comply with sexual acts

• Influenced by social attitudes and beliefs that demean a particular gender and promote aggression

• Cyberbullying– Aggressive, intentional act using electronic

forms of contact

Sexual Victimization and Violence


• Examples of sexual harassment– Sexual comments

– Unwanted touching

– Often targeted at sexual minorities (LGBTQ)

• Stalking– Willful, repeated, and malicious following or

threatening a person

• Intimate partner violence– Physical, sexual, or psychological

Types of Sexual Victimization


• Planet Earth: a closed ecosystem– Individuals’ actions influence the environment

• Climate change– Rising water temperatures

• Global warming– Increase in average Earth temperature

• Mosquito-borne illnesses will increase as temperatures rise

From Personal to Planetary Threats: The Environment and Your Health


• Change in the air, water, or soil that impacts its ability to support life

• Mutagen– Environmental agent causing DNA changes

• Carcinogen– Any substance that causes cancer

• Many health risks associated with exposure to toxic substances

The Impact of Pollution


• Health risks from dangerous levels of air pollution– Bronchitis, emphysema, atherosclerosis, and

more

• People at increased risk– People with asthma

– People with heart problems

– The elderly

– People with high blood pressure

The Air You Breathe


• Environmental Protection Agency– Sets standards for more than 80

contaminants

• Bottled water versus tap water– Medical research has found no advantage in

bottled water

– Higher incidence of tooth cavities among bottled water drinkers than fluoridated tap water drinkers

The Water You Drink


• Materials that release pollutants continuously– Building materials

– Air fresheners

• Pollutants that remain in the air after use– Tobacco smoke

– Cleaning products

– Pesticides

• Molds

Indoor Pollutants: The Inside Story


• Toxic substances– Benzene, asbestos, arsenic, and others

• Endocrine disrupters– Chemicals that interfere with human

hormones

• Chemical weapons– Possibility of use by terrorists

– Can kill rapidly

Chemical Risks


• Electromagnetic fields– Produced by household appliances

– Research indicates link between exposure to high-voltage lines and blood cancer

• Cell phones

• Microwaves– Concern about chemicals leaching from

heated plastic wrapping and plastic containers

• Ionizing radiation

Invisible Threats


• Loudness measured in decibels (dB)– Every 10 dB rise indicates a tenfold increase

in sound intensity• Scale is nonlinear

• Sounds under 75 dB do not appear to be harmful

• Prolonged exposure to sounds over 85 dB or brief exposure to louder sounds can harm hearing

Your Hearing Health

chapter 14 power point

Education

cengage learning

common types of violence

mental health issues

road safety

individual health

road examples

past decade violence

radiations health threats