Chapter 6 Plants There are 350,000 species of plants Features chloroplasts chlorophyll---chemicals that give

plants green color and trap light energy. Plants are producers, lowest life on the

food chain Plants have a stiff cell wall

Vascular Plants Features

Vascular plants Tube-like cells

True stems True roots True leaves

Types of tube-like cells Xylem cells

Thick walled cells that carry water and dissolved minerals to the leaves

Phloem cells Carry food from the leaves to all parts

of the plant

Nonvascular Plants Moss, liverworts

No true roots No true stems No true leaves

• Life cycle of a moss• Sexual reproduction, union of 2 reproductive

cells• Takes place at the tips of the stems

        

Ferns  Form coal Is a vascular plant Reproduces with spores Because they are a vascular plant

they can grow taller than nonvascular plants. Why?

There are over 12,000 known species of ferns

More on Ferns Ferns are over 300 million years old Have xylem and phloem cells Leaves are divided into tiny leaflets Similar to nonvascular plants in that

they reproduce with spores Refer to the figure 6-7 in chapter 6

         

Seed plants Most common land plants Reproduce by forming seeds A seed is the part of the plant that contains a new, young plant

and stored food The young plant in the seed is the

embryo

Seed plants continued Seed has a hard outer covering

called the seed coat which protects the embryo

The food supply and the coat help the embryo survive for long periods of time, until conditions are right for growth

Conifers Most common land plants Produces seeds in cones Keep their leaves throughout the

year Sometimes called evergreens Mostly found in the northern areas

of the world

Conifers continued Leaves are small and needle-shaped Pine, spruce, fir are examples of

conifers Copy figure 6-10 into your notebook Conifers reproduce with cones, small

cones are male and produce pollen in which sperm develop

Male cones open early in spring

Conifers Continued Wind carries the pollen to the larger

female cones Female cones contain egg cells When the seeds are ripe, the cones dry up

and open and the fertilized seeds fall to the ground

The roots and stems of conifers are hard and woody

Conifers supply ¾ of the lumber that is used in the world

Conifers are not only important to us but they are also a important food source and shelter for animals such as insects, birds, squirrels, rabbits

Flowering Plants Produces seeds inside a flower Flower is the reproductive part of

Produces flowers and forms fruits a plant Male part produces sperm Female part produces the egg Female parts form the fruit that

protects the seeds

Flowering Plants cont. Many broadleaved trees, vegetables,

grasses,weeds and thorn bushes have flowers, not just sweet smelling showy flowers

Many produce flowers at a certain time of year, used for decoration

Some parts you can eat, oranges, potatoes

Flowering Plants Without plants no other animals

would exist All animals depend on plants for

food, and oxygen