Chapter 6 Opener

Figure 6.1 Mobbing behavior of colonial, ground-nesting gulls

Figure 6.2 A nesting colony of black-headed gulls

Figure 6.3 An arms race with a winner?

Figure 6.4 Does mobbing protect eggs?

Figure 6.5 Benefit of high nest density for the arctic skua

Figure 6.6 Gull phylogeny and two scenarios for the origin of cliff-nesting behavior

Figure 6.6 Gull phylogeny and two scenarios for the origin of cliff-nesting behavior (Part 1)

Figure 6.6 Gull phylogeny and two scenarios for the origin of cliff-nesting behavior (Part 2)

Figure 6.7 Not all gulls nest on the ground

Figure 6.8 The logic of the comparative method

Figure 6.9 Colonial California ground squirrels mob their snake enemies

Figure 6.10 The dilution effect in butterfly groups

Figure 6.11 A recently hatched black-necked stilt

Figure 6.12 The dilution effect in mayflies

Figure 6.13 Fighting back by terns and wasps

Figure 6.14 Communal defense by sawfly larvae

Figure 6.15 A group of sleeping bees

Figure 6.16 Cryptic coloration depends on background selection

Figure 6.17 The camouflaged moth, Biston betularia

Figure 6.18 Predation risk and background selection by moths

Figure 6.19 Cryptic coloration and body orientation

Figure 6.20 Does cryptic behavior work?

Figure 6.21 Safety lies in false edges for prey that exploit their predator’s edge detectors

Figure 6.22 Personal hygiene by a skipper butterfly larva may be an antipredator adaptation

Figure 6.23 Warning coloration and toxins

Figure 6.24 Effect of monarch butterfly toxins

Figure 6.25 Why behave conspicuously?

Figure 6.26 An advertisement of unprofitability to deter pursuit?

Figure 6.27 Cheetahs abandon hunts more often when gazelles stot

Figure 6.28 Are pushup displays an honest signal of a lizard’s physiological condition?

Figure 6.29 The lizard Cnemidophorus murinus often waves a foreleg at humans that disturb it

Figure 6.30 An optimality model

Figure 6.31 Optimal covey size for northern bobwhite quail

Figure 6.31 Optimal covey size for northern bobwhite quail

Figure 6.31 Optimal covey size for northern bobwhite quail

Figure 6.31 Optimal covey size for northern bobwhite quail

Figure 6.32 Selfish herds may evolve in prey species

Figure 6.33 Redshanks form selfish herds

Figure 6.34 A game theoretical model