chapter 6- - - language key issue 1 what are · pdf filecreated by manuel mendoza e 5 20. use...
TRANSCRIPT
CreatedbyManuelMendoza Page1
CHAPTER6---LANGUAGEKEYISSUE1Whatarelanguages,andwhatroledolanguagesplayincultures?DeBlij,172-182●WhatShouldISay?(FieldNote–Belgium)1.AccordingtotheFieldNote,whatweresomeofthethingsthatperplexedtheauthorwhiletravelinginBrussels,Belgium?
2.WhyislanguagesuchamajoranddivisiveissueinBelgium,particularlyinBrussels?
3.Whatis“Frenchification?”
a. WhatwasthereactionoftheFlemishspeakingBelgians?
b. Whatresultedin1960?
4.Identifyatleast2issuesthatdevelopedinBelgiumasaresultofthedivisionofBelgiumbasedonlinguisticlines.
a.
b.
5.Usethemapontheright,toshowtheFlemish,French&GermanlanguageregionsofBelgium.BesuretoincludeakeyandidentifytheareaofFlanders,Wallonia&Brussels(withyourcolors).Includeakey.
CreatedbyManuelMendoza Page2
6.Alanguageisasetof_________________and__________________thatisusedfor_______________________.Butlanguageisalsoanintegralpartof______________________,______________________,andshapingit.
LANGUAGE&CULTURE
7.Accordingtothetext,languageissocloselytiedtoculturethatitisusedasaweaponinculturalconflictandpoliticalstrife.UsingthechartbelowidentifyhowtheUnitedStates&Canada(Quebec)havedealtwithforeignlanguages.
UNITEDSTATES QUEBEC,CANADA
ControversialLanguage
PrimaryIssue(s)
Effects
8.Usingtable6.1(Top10Non-EnglishLanguagesSpokenatHomeintheUSA),whichofthetop-10languagessurprisesyou,andwhy?
CreatedbyManuelMendoza Page3
WHATISALANGUAGE?
9.Definemutualintelligibility:
10.Whatare2issueswithmutualintelligibility?(pleaseprovideanexampleforeach)
ISSUESWITHMUTUALINTELLIGIBILITY
EXAMPLE(S)
11.Giventhecomplexitiesofdistinguishinglanguagesfromdialects.Theactualnumberoflanguagesinuseintheworldremainsamatterofconsiderabledebate.Themostconservativecalculationisabout________________.However,mostlinguistsandlinguisticgeographerstodayrecognizebetween_______________&_______________languages,includingmorethan600in______________&over___________________inAfrica.
STANDARDIZEDLANGUAGE
12.Technologicallyadvancedsocietiesarelikelytohavea___________________________________,onethatispublished,widelydistributed,andpurposefullytaught.
13.HowdoesIrelandpromotetheuseoftheIrish(Celtic)language?
14.Thedecisionbetweenwhodecideswhatthestandardlanguageswillbeisbasedon________________________&_________________________.
CreatedbyManuelMendoza Page4
15.Inthechartbelow,describehowthefollowingcountrieshavedealtwiththeissueofdecidingastandardlanguage.
FRANCE CHINA
DIALECTS
16.Definedialects:
17.Definedialectchains:
18.Languageisactuallyan__________________foracollectionof_____________________,andwetendtoseeoneofthesedialectsasthe“true”_____________________________onlybecauseitisonewespeakorbecauseitistheonea_______________________________claimsasthestandard.
19.Frequently,____________________aremarkedbyactualdifferencesin__________________________.A___________________________orgroupofwordscanrevealthesourceareaofthe__________________________.
19.Defineisogloss:
CreatedbyManuelMendoza Page5
20.UsethemapbelowtoreflectBertVaux’sresearchonhowdialectsimpactsoftdrinknamesintheUnitedStates.Usepg.181&besuretoincludeakeyforyourmap.
CHAPTER6---LANGUAGEKEYISSUE2Whyarelanguagesdistributedthewaytheyare?DeBlij,182-192
1.Definelanguagefamilies:
2.Definesub-families:
3.Accordingtothetext,whyisdefiningalanguagefamilyachallenge?
CreatedbyManuelMendoza Page6
4.Accordingtothe“LanguageFamiliesoftheWorld”maponpgs.182-183,basedonthelanguagefamiliesbelow,identify/listthevariousareas/regionsoftheworldwherethelanguagefamilyismostdominant.
INDO-EUROPEAN AMERINDIAN NIGER-CONGO URALIC
SINO-TIBETAN AFRO-ASIATIC ALTAIC AUSTRONESIAN
LANGUAGEFORMATION
5.Onewaytofindandchartsimilaritiesamong_________________________istoexamineparticularwords,lookingforsoundshiftsovertimeandacrosslanguages.Asoundshiftis:
6.HowdolinguistsusesoundshiftsintermsofknowingthatItalian,Spanish&FrenchareallmembersoftheRomancelanguagesubfamilyoftheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily?
7.WhatisthesignificanceofthediscoveryofaProto-Indo-Europeanlanguage?
8.WhatistheNostraticlanguage&itsoverallsignificance?
9.Definelanguagedivergence:
10.Definelanguageconvergence:
CreatedbyManuelMendoza Page7
11.UsingtheTreeMaponpg.186,pleaseidentifyany5languagesub-familiesfromtheIndo-Europeanbranchesofthelanguagetree.
*Romance
*
*
*
*
12.WhenstudyingthediffusionofProto-Indo-European,whatare2conclusionsthatresult?
13.Inthechartbelow,distinguishbetweenthe3mostcommontheoriesofProto-IndoEuropeandiffusion.
ConquestTheory AgriculturalTheory DispersalHypothesis
14.Forthemapsbelow,usepg,188identifythehearth&pathofdiffusionofeachofthefollowingtheories.
AGRICULTURALTHEORY DISPERSALHYPOTHESIS
CreatedbyManuelMendoza Page8
THELANGUAGESOFEUROPE
15.Inthechartbelow,identifythelanguagesofeachoftheSubfamilies(Europeanlanguage)anddescribetheirorigins.
ROMANCE GERMANIC SLAVIC
LANGUAG
ES
ORIGINS/HISTO
RY
16.Inthechartbelow,listthemajorlanguageswithineachofthefollowingsubfamilies.
CELTIC URALIC ALTAIC
LANGUAG
ES
CreatedbyManuelMendoza Page9
17.Inthechartbelow,answerthefollowingregardingthemini-casestudyoftheBasquelanguage,Euskera.
LANGUAGESOFSUBSAHARANAFRICA
18.ShadeinthemapofAfrica,basedonthevariouslanguagefamiliesofAfrica.Besuretoincludeakey
19.Whichisthemostdominantlanguagefamily?
20.WhichfamilyhastheoldestlanguagesofSubsaharanAfrica?
21.HowmanylanguagesarespokeninNigeria?
22.Whicharethe3mostprominentlanguagesinNigeria?
23.Since1962,whichistheofficiallanguageofNigeria?
EUSKERA
Origins Location
PoliticalRecognition ColorLocationofBasqueCountry
CreatedbyManuelMendoza Page10
CHAPTER6---LANGUAGEKEYISSUE3Howdolanguagesdiffuse?DeBlij,192-196
1.Over2,000yearsago,which2languagesweretheeasiesttodiffusearoundtheworld?Howwasthispossible?
2.WhichinventionledtoanincreaseinliteracyandastabilizationofcertainlanguagesinEurope?
3.___________________&______________________stimulatetheformationofnew,hybridlanguagestofacilitatesuchinteraction,butother,locallanguagescollapseundertheonslaughtofchange.
4._______________________________isshrinkingtheworld’slinguisticheritage.Halfoftheworld’s_____________languagesare_________________________________.Mostlanguagesarelostbecauseonegroupdominatesanotherandthedominantlanguageisprivileged,whichis_________________________________________________________________________________________________.
5.Usingpg.195,pleasecolorinthefollowingmapofIndiabasedonthelanguagefamiliesthatexistinthecountry.Pleasecreateakey.
5a.Basedontheevidencefromthemap,whatchallengesmightbeevidentbasedonthediversityoflanguagesfamiliesinIndia?
5b.WhatdidthegovernmentofIndiadoinordertoofferrecognitionandprovidebalanceforallthelanguagesspokeninthecountry?
CreatedbyManuelMendoza Page11
6.Inthechartbelow,provideadefinitionandseveralexamplestothetermsbelow.
TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLES(ATLEAST2)
LINGUAFRANCA
PIDGINLANGUAGE
MONOLINGUALSTATES
MULTILINGUALSTATES
OFFICIALLANGUAGE
GLOBALLANGUAGE
CreatedbyManuelMendoza Page12
CHAPTER6---LANGUAGEKEYISSUE4Whatroledoeslanguageplayinmakingplaces?DeBlij,197-201
1.Definetoponym:
2.Accordingtothetextbook,whicharethe10typesoftoponyms?Provideanexampleforeach.
3.Inthechartbelow,provideseveralexamplesthataddressthechangingtoponymsthatarefoundintheworld.
CHANGINGTOPONYMREASON EXAMPLE(S)
POSTCOLONIALTOPONYMS
POSTREVOLUTIONTOPONYMS
MEMORIALTOPONYMS
COMMODIFICATIONTOPONYMS