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age1 CHAPTER 6- - - LANGUAGE KEY ISSUE 1 What are languages, and what role do languages play in cultures? De Blij, 172-182 ● What Should I Say? (Field Note – Belgium) 1. According to the Field Note, what were some of the things that perplexed the author while traveling in Brussels, Belgium? 2. Why is language such a major and divisive issue in Belgium, particularly in Brussels? 3. What is “Frenchification?” a. What was the reaction of the Flemish speaking Belgians? b. What resulted in 1960? 4. Identify at least 2 issues that developed in Belgium as a result of the division of Belgium based on linguistic lines. a. b. 5. Use the map on the right, to show the Flemish, French & German language regions of Belgium. Be sure to include a key and identify the area of Flanders, Wallonia & Brussels (with your colors). Include a key.

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Page 1: CHAPTER 6- - - LANGUAGE KEY ISSUE 1 What are · PDF fileCreated by Manuel Mendoza e 5 20. Use the map below to reflect Bert Vaux’s research on how dialects impact soft drink names

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CHAPTER6---LANGUAGEKEYISSUE1Whatarelanguages,andwhatroledolanguagesplayincultures?DeBlij,172-182●WhatShouldISay?(FieldNote–Belgium)1.AccordingtotheFieldNote,whatweresomeofthethingsthatperplexedtheauthorwhiletravelinginBrussels,Belgium?

2.WhyislanguagesuchamajoranddivisiveissueinBelgium,particularlyinBrussels?

3.Whatis“Frenchification?”

a. WhatwasthereactionoftheFlemishspeakingBelgians?

b. Whatresultedin1960?

4.Identifyatleast2issuesthatdevelopedinBelgiumasaresultofthedivisionofBelgiumbasedonlinguisticlines.

a.

b.

5.Usethemapontheright,toshowtheFlemish,French&GermanlanguageregionsofBelgium.BesuretoincludeakeyandidentifytheareaofFlanders,Wallonia&Brussels(withyourcolors).Includeakey.

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6.Alanguageisasetof_________________and__________________thatisusedfor_______________________.Butlanguageisalsoanintegralpartof______________________,______________________,andshapingit.

LANGUAGE&CULTURE

7.Accordingtothetext,languageissocloselytiedtoculturethatitisusedasaweaponinculturalconflictandpoliticalstrife.UsingthechartbelowidentifyhowtheUnitedStates&Canada(Quebec)havedealtwithforeignlanguages.

UNITEDSTATES QUEBEC,CANADA

ControversialLanguage

PrimaryIssue(s)

Effects

8.Usingtable6.1(Top10Non-EnglishLanguagesSpokenatHomeintheUSA),whichofthetop-10languagessurprisesyou,andwhy?

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WHATISALANGUAGE?

9.Definemutualintelligibility:

10.Whatare2issueswithmutualintelligibility?(pleaseprovideanexampleforeach)

ISSUESWITHMUTUALINTELLIGIBILITY

EXAMPLE(S)

11.Giventhecomplexitiesofdistinguishinglanguagesfromdialects.Theactualnumberoflanguagesinuseintheworldremainsamatterofconsiderabledebate.Themostconservativecalculationisabout________________.However,mostlinguistsandlinguisticgeographerstodayrecognizebetween_______________&_______________languages,includingmorethan600in______________&over___________________inAfrica.

STANDARDIZEDLANGUAGE

12.Technologicallyadvancedsocietiesarelikelytohavea___________________________________,onethatispublished,widelydistributed,andpurposefullytaught.

13.HowdoesIrelandpromotetheuseoftheIrish(Celtic)language?

14.Thedecisionbetweenwhodecideswhatthestandardlanguageswillbeisbasedon________________________&_________________________.

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15.Inthechartbelow,describehowthefollowingcountrieshavedealtwiththeissueofdecidingastandardlanguage.

FRANCE CHINA

DIALECTS

16.Definedialects:

17.Definedialectchains:

18.Languageisactuallyan__________________foracollectionof_____________________,andwetendtoseeoneofthesedialectsasthe“true”_____________________________onlybecauseitisonewespeakorbecauseitistheonea_______________________________claimsasthestandard.

19.Frequently,____________________aremarkedbyactualdifferencesin__________________________.A___________________________orgroupofwordscanrevealthesourceareaofthe__________________________.

19.Defineisogloss:

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20.UsethemapbelowtoreflectBertVaux’sresearchonhowdialectsimpactsoftdrinknamesintheUnitedStates.Usepg.181&besuretoincludeakeyforyourmap.

CHAPTER6---LANGUAGEKEYISSUE2Whyarelanguagesdistributedthewaytheyare?DeBlij,182-192

1.Definelanguagefamilies:

2.Definesub-families:

3.Accordingtothetext,whyisdefiningalanguagefamilyachallenge?

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4.Accordingtothe“LanguageFamiliesoftheWorld”maponpgs.182-183,basedonthelanguagefamiliesbelow,identify/listthevariousareas/regionsoftheworldwherethelanguagefamilyismostdominant.

INDO-EUROPEAN AMERINDIAN NIGER-CONGO URALIC

SINO-TIBETAN AFRO-ASIATIC ALTAIC AUSTRONESIAN

LANGUAGEFORMATION

5.Onewaytofindandchartsimilaritiesamong_________________________istoexamineparticularwords,lookingforsoundshiftsovertimeandacrosslanguages.Asoundshiftis:

6.HowdolinguistsusesoundshiftsintermsofknowingthatItalian,Spanish&FrenchareallmembersoftheRomancelanguagesubfamilyoftheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily?

7.WhatisthesignificanceofthediscoveryofaProto-Indo-Europeanlanguage?

8.WhatistheNostraticlanguage&itsoverallsignificance?

9.Definelanguagedivergence:

10.Definelanguageconvergence:

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11.UsingtheTreeMaponpg.186,pleaseidentifyany5languagesub-familiesfromtheIndo-Europeanbranchesofthelanguagetree.

*Romance

*

*

*

*

12.WhenstudyingthediffusionofProto-Indo-European,whatare2conclusionsthatresult?

13.Inthechartbelow,distinguishbetweenthe3mostcommontheoriesofProto-IndoEuropeandiffusion.

ConquestTheory AgriculturalTheory DispersalHypothesis

14.Forthemapsbelow,usepg,188identifythehearth&pathofdiffusionofeachofthefollowingtheories.

AGRICULTURALTHEORY DISPERSALHYPOTHESIS

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THELANGUAGESOFEUROPE

15.Inthechartbelow,identifythelanguagesofeachoftheSubfamilies(Europeanlanguage)anddescribetheirorigins.

ROMANCE GERMANIC SLAVIC

LANGUAG

ES

ORIGINS/HISTO

RY

16.Inthechartbelow,listthemajorlanguageswithineachofthefollowingsubfamilies.

CELTIC URALIC ALTAIC

LANGUAG

ES

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17.Inthechartbelow,answerthefollowingregardingthemini-casestudyoftheBasquelanguage,Euskera.

LANGUAGESOFSUBSAHARANAFRICA

18.ShadeinthemapofAfrica,basedonthevariouslanguagefamiliesofAfrica.Besuretoincludeakey

19.Whichisthemostdominantlanguagefamily?

20.WhichfamilyhastheoldestlanguagesofSubsaharanAfrica?

21.HowmanylanguagesarespokeninNigeria?

22.Whicharethe3mostprominentlanguagesinNigeria?

23.Since1962,whichistheofficiallanguageofNigeria?

EUSKERA

Origins Location

PoliticalRecognition ColorLocationofBasqueCountry

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CHAPTER6---LANGUAGEKEYISSUE3Howdolanguagesdiffuse?DeBlij,192-196

1.Over2,000yearsago,which2languagesweretheeasiesttodiffusearoundtheworld?Howwasthispossible?

2.WhichinventionledtoanincreaseinliteracyandastabilizationofcertainlanguagesinEurope?

3.___________________&______________________stimulatetheformationofnew,hybridlanguagestofacilitatesuchinteraction,butother,locallanguagescollapseundertheonslaughtofchange.

4._______________________________isshrinkingtheworld’slinguisticheritage.Halfoftheworld’s_____________languagesare_________________________________.Mostlanguagesarelostbecauseonegroupdominatesanotherandthedominantlanguageisprivileged,whichis_________________________________________________________________________________________________.

5.Usingpg.195,pleasecolorinthefollowingmapofIndiabasedonthelanguagefamiliesthatexistinthecountry.Pleasecreateakey.

5a.Basedontheevidencefromthemap,whatchallengesmightbeevidentbasedonthediversityoflanguagesfamiliesinIndia?

5b.WhatdidthegovernmentofIndiadoinordertoofferrecognitionandprovidebalanceforallthelanguagesspokeninthecountry?

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6.Inthechartbelow,provideadefinitionandseveralexamplestothetermsbelow.

TERM DEFINITION EXAMPLES(ATLEAST2)

LINGUAFRANCA

PIDGINLANGUAGE

MONOLINGUALSTATES

MULTILINGUALSTATES

OFFICIALLANGUAGE

GLOBALLANGUAGE

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CHAPTER6---LANGUAGEKEYISSUE4Whatroledoeslanguageplayinmakingplaces?DeBlij,197-201

1.Definetoponym:

2.Accordingtothetextbook,whicharethe10typesoftoponyms?Provideanexampleforeach.

3.Inthechartbelow,provideseveralexamplesthataddressthechangingtoponymsthatarefoundintheworld.

CHANGINGTOPONYMREASON EXAMPLE(S)

POSTCOLONIALTOPONYMS

POSTREVOLUTIONTOPONYMS

MEMORIALTOPONYMS

COMMODIFICATIONTOPONYMS


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