chapter 5 using is to improve processes copyright © 2013 pearson education, inc. publishing as...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 5
Using IS to Improve Processes
Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5-1
Learning Objectives
Q1. What are the fundamental types of processes in organizations?Q2. What are examples of common business processes?Q3. How can organizations improve processes?
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Learning Objectives
Q4. How can organizations use IS to improve processes?Q5. How can IS hinder a process?Q6. How can SOA improve processes?
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What are the Fundamental Types of Processes in Organizations?
• Business Process– Sequence of activities for accomplishing a function
• Activities– Tasks within a business process
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What are the Fundamental Types of Processes in Organizations?
• Resources– Items necessary to accomplish an activity
• Actors– Resources who are either human or computers
• Role [Automated or Manual Process]– Subset of activities in a business process
performed by a particular actor
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What are the Fundamental Types of Processes in Organizations?
• Examples of Processes:
Figure 5-1 Five SequentialProcesses, Resources, Actors, and Roles at the Pizza Shop
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What are the Fundamental Types of Processes in Organizations?
• Scope of Processes:
Figure 5-2 Scope andCharacteristics ofBusiness Processes
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What are the Fundamental Types of Processes in Organizations?
• Objectives of Processes:
Figure 5-3 ProcessObjectives andMeasures
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What are the Fundamental Types of Processes in Organizations?
• Business Process– Activities; resources; actors; roles
• Scope of Processes
• Objectives of Processes
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What are Examples of Common Business Processes?
• Inbound Logistics Processes
• Operations Processes
• Outbound Logistics Processes
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What are Examples of Common Business Processes?
• Sales and Marketing Processes
• Service Processes
• Human Resource Processes
• Technology Development Processes
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What are Examples of Common Business Processes?
Figure 5-5 Value ChainActivities and ProcessExamples
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How Can Organizations Improve Processes?
• OMIS Model– Objectives; Measures; and Information Systems
Figure 5-6 Steps in the OMIS Model
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How Can Organizations Improve Processes?
• Process Objectives– Specify and Improve
• Process Measures– Metrics
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How Can Organizations Improve Processes?
• OMIS Figure 5-7 Options
for Improving the
Objectives of a Process
Figure 5-8 Options forImproving the Measures Of a Process
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How Can Organizations Use IS to Improve Processes?
• Three Ways IS Improve Processes– Improve efficiency or effectiveness of activities– Provide linkages across activities– Improve control of the process
Figure 5-9 Options for Improving the use of IS in a Process
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How Can Organizations Use IS to Improve Processes?
• Non-IS Process Improvements– Add more resources– Change the process structure• Overlaps with IS
Figure 5-10 Non-ISProcess Improvements
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How Can Organizations Use IS to Improve Processes?
• Six-Sigma– Removing causes of defects– Minimizing variability in the process• 99.99966% of output free from defects
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How Can Organizations Use IS to Improve Processes?
• Participants and Diagrams in Process Improvement
• As-is diagrams• Ought-to-be diagrams
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How Can an IS Hinder a Process?
• Information Silos– Data exists in isolated functional IS
• Why Information Silos Exist– Data stored in separate databases
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How Can SOA Improve Processes?
• SOA: Services-Oriented Architecture– Middleware facilitates communication and data
sharing– Design approach for activities bases on:• Service• Encapsulation• Standards
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How Can SOA Improve Processes?
• Service– Repeatable task that a business needs to perform
• Encapsulation [Modules – Objects]– Hides data within containers so that services can
communicate• Standards – Standardized formats for data exchange
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How Can SOA Improve Processes?Figure 5-16 Example Independent Encapsulated Services
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Ethics Guide
• Vehicle Tracking System– Process Improvement or Privacy Problem?
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Conclusion
Q1. What are the fundamental types of processes in organizations?Q2. What are examples of common business processes?Q3. How can organizations improve processes?
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Conclusion
Q4. How can organizations use IS to improve processes?Q5. How can IS hinder a process?Q6. How can SOA improve processes?
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