chapter 5 review

Chapter 5 Review

44-145

Agriculture (p. 125) Civilization (p. 140) Domesticate (p. 123) Environment (p. 122) Famine (p. 137) Irrigation (p. 136) Self-sufficient (p. 130) Shrine (p. 129) Surplus (p. 121)

Reviewing Key Terms

N., the science, art, and business

of raising animals and plants to supply food for humans; farming

Agriculture

N., a complex society with a stable

food supply, specialization of labor, a government, and a highly developed culture

Civilization

V., to train or adapt an animal or

plant to live in a human environment, making it more useful to humans

Domesticate

N., all the living and non-living

things in a person’s surroundings

Environment

N., a widespread shortage of food

that threatens death from starvation

Famine

N., the act of supplying dry lands

with water by means of canals, ditches, pipes, and streams

Irrigation

Adj., able to provide for oneself

without the help of others

Self-Sufficient

N., a place where people worship,

usually containing a sacred object or statue

Shrine

N., an extra amount; more than is

needed

Surplus

1. When hunter-gatherers learned

to control their environment, their lifestyle changed.

A. True/False Statements

1. When hunter-gatherers learned

to control their environment, their lifestyle changed.

TRUE


2. Agriculture could not have

developed without the domestication of plants.


2. Agriculture could not have

developed without the domestication of plants.

TRUE


3. Famine would make people self-

sufficient.


3. Famine would make people self-

sufficient.

FALSE.

Famine would make people have to rely on others for food.


4. Surplus food helped the growth

of trade.


4. Surplus food helped the growth

of trade.

TRUE


5. The shrines of Catal Huyuk, with

their paintings and sculptures, were much like our art museums of today.


5. The shrines of Catal Huyuk, with their

paintings and sculptures, were much like our art museums of today.

FALSE

The shrines did have paintings and sculptures but were primarily places of worship.


6. Ur is considered a civilization

because it learned to domesticate plants and animals.


6. Ur is considered a civilization

because it learned to domesticate plants and animals.

FALSE Ur is considered a civilization

because it had an organized society and labor force, trade system, and a system of government.


If you were a farmer living 5,000

years ago, why would the following be important to you? Write an explanation of how these things would influence your farm life.

B.

Domesticated plants and

animals allow me to settle in one place instead of traveling in search of food.

1. domesticated plants and animals

Irrigation increases crop yield

in areas with irregular or inadequate rainfall.

2. irrigation

A surplus allows me to store

food for times when crops are bad.

3. surplus

All the elements of my

environment contribute to the success or failure of my farm.

4. environment

Location and Date

Size Lifestyle Dwellings

Ain Mallaha11,000-8,000 B.C.

Small village Hunter-gatherers

Round pits with reed roofs, dirt walls

Catal Huyuk6,000 B.C.

Large town Farmers, crafts people, traders

Mud-brick homes with rooftop access

Umm Dabaghiyah6,000 B.C.

Small trading post

Hunters and traders

Long, mud-brick storehouses

Ur3,000-2,000 B.C.

Large city Specialized jobs

Large structures

Exploring Concepts- A.

You could draw the following

conclusions from studying the ancient Middle East. Using facts and details from the chapter, give proof that these conclusions are correct.

B. Prove With Evidence

1. Some hunter-gatherers began to settle down between 11,000 and 8,000 B.C.

Bins for surplus food at Ain Mallaha indicate that some hunter-gatherers began staying in one place.

2. Early farmers domesticated plants and animals.

A variety of wheat and barley in the same area indicated that early farmers sowed wild grains. Around 8500 B.C., the skeletal structure of domesticated sheep began changing from that of wild sheep.

3. Neolithic farmers learned to make flour.

Querns were found at Neolithic sites, indicating that the farmers learned to grind the wheat into flour.

4. The people of Catal Huyuk traded with distant communities.

Obsidian was found at Jericho; turquoise and copper from the Sinai Peninsula were found in Catal Huyuk.

5. Umm Dabaghiyah was a much different community than Catal Huyuk and Ur.

Umm Dabaghiyah had no hearths, platforms, or tools. It was a hunting and trading post, comprised mostly of storehouses. Catal Huyuk and Ur had permanent living quarters, a religious life, and a craft industry.

6. The city of Ur was organized; it also had leadership

Ur had a sophisticated irrigation system and ziggurats. Ur had a king, queen, and royal family.

7. The residents of Catal Huyuk and Ur were self-sufficient, but the residents of Umm Dabaghiyah were not.

Residents of Catal Huyuk and Ur had food, water, and shelter. Umm Dabaghiyah hunters traded animal hides for food.

8. The early communities of Ain Mallaha, Catal Huyuk, an Ur were formed because of their geography and environment.

All were close to rivers and had a variety of plants, animals, and resources.

9. Archeologists’ work is important.

Archeologists’ findings reveal the history and development of civilizations.

Re

view

ing

Skills

1. Would you expect to find

traces of ancient irrigation ditches at Eridu or Ali Kosh? Explain.

Review Skills

2. Make a table that will show that

Ur was a civilization.

Review Skills

Food Supply

Special-ization

Govern-ment

Social Levels

Cultural Develop-ment

Evidence of Ur’s Civiliza-tion

Food surplus created by irrigation and farming

Ziggurat, irrigation system, crafts, trade, and professional occupations indicated specialized labor force.

King, queen, royal family

Three levels.

Art, writing system, music, law, architecture, and religion

Proof That Ur Was a Civilization

3. The people of Ain Mallaha, Catal Huyuk,

Umm Dabaghiyah, and Ur all invented tools that helped them in their work. How could you show the tools used by these communities on a map?

Students could paste small drawings of tools near appropriate cities on a map.

Review Skills

chapter 5 review

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