CHAPTER 5 NOTES

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CHAPTER 5 LESSON 1

No Taxation Without Representation!

SUGAR ACT

1760-1769 Parliament passes tax on tea, textiles, and sugar and the goods imported from non-British sources. This act lowered the duty on colonial imports of foreign molasses .

STAMP ACTThe Stamp Act Congress was a meeting held at the Federal Hall In New York City in October 1765 primarily by members of the "Sons of Liberty", a secret organization of the American patriots, for which Benjamin Franklin drew the infamous "Join or Die" pamphlet. 

This pamphlet calls for the union of the states reasoning that like a snake, if one piece is chopped off, everybody else is going to simply suffer and it will be the end of the colonies. The delegates from certain states agreed upon signing the "Declaration of Rights and Grievances", which they sent to the King and the Parliament. 

Franklin gave pamphlet to Parliament to them that the failure to repeal the Stamp Act could cause the colonies to strike against England.

TOWNSHEND ACTS

Parliament Passed on July 2 1767, The Townshend Acts .These laws placed a tax on common products imported into the American Colonies, such as lead, paper, paint, glass, and tea, while giving revenues from these taxes to the British governors and other officials that were normally paid by town assemblies. The Townshend Acts represent the continued efforts of Parliament to place a portion of the large debt incurred by French and Indian War.

DECLARATORY ACTS- Gave Parliament

the supreme control to govern the colonies.

BOSTON MASSACRE

The Boston Massacre took place in Boston, Massachusetts on the date of March 5, 1770. The Boston Massacre was a huge fight between the Boston colonists and the Red Coats (English). On that day, 3 colonists died, 11 were injured and 2 died after the incident. While the Red Coats had plenty of arms the colonists had to get sticks, stones, snowballs and anything else they could find. 

Boston Massacre

BOSTON TEA PARTY/TEA ACT

British East India Company was vital to British economy. The colonists refused to import tea due to the newly imposed Tea Tax. Parliament passed the Tea Act to protect the British economy which gave the company almost all control of the tea market.

The colonists were angry because they did not want to pay ANY taxes. The East India Company still shipped tea to the colonists despite their warnings. The men in the Boston Sons of Liberty they dressed up as Native Americans on December 16 1771, bombarded the ships in the Boston Harbor which had tea, and dumped 342 chests of tea overboard.

Boston Tea Party

INTOLERABLE ACTS

The Intolerable Acts or the Coercive (to force someone to do something)Acts were laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774.

Many colonists viewed the acts as a violation of their rights. In 1774 they organized the First Continental Congress to protest.

COLONIST REACTIONS

Boycott is a form of public protest

Repeal is a government action to

cancel law or tax.

Colonists reacted by boycotting and repealing the acts. The following slides will show examples of how the colonists reacted to the acts.

COLONIST REACTIONS

New York and Philadelphia reacted

to the Tea Act by turning the tea ships

back out of the harbor and sent

them back to England.

Colonists smuggled sugar because of high

taxes and Parliament

lowered the tax rate which

prompted the Sugar Act

The Sons of Liberty

tarring and feathering a tax collector underneath the Liberty

Tree

COLONIST REACTIONS

FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS

September 1774:

Philadelphia political represented Americans and challenged the British control. They called for a repeal of 13 acts of Parliament since they believe the laws violated, “ laws of nature, the principles of the English constitution, and the several charters” of the Colonies. They also decided to boycott British trade. They decided that the Coercive Acts were illegal and started to prepare their men for war.

“The distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, New Yorkers, and New Englanders are no more. I am not a Virginian but an American.”- Patrick Henry at 1774 Continental Congress

GREAT BRITAIN SENDS TROOPS

King George told Parliament the Colonies were “in a state of rebellion” and that “blows must decide” who would control America. By April 1775, thousands of British troops were in or near Boston with more on the way. British General Thomas Gage was ordered to seize weapons from the Massachusetts militia and arrest the leaders.

April 18th, 1775 Colonist protest leader Dr. Warren saw British troops marching out of the city. He alerted Paul Revere and William Dawes- members of the Sons of Liberty- to alert the troops. Revere galloped on a horse through the countryside shouting, “The British are coming!” Samuel Adams was ready to fight- he said, “What a glorious morning this is” when he heard the news.

Shot Heard Round the World

2ND CONTINENTAL CONGRESSIn1775, most of the delegates from the

colonies were chosen by popular election to attend the Second Continental Congress, assembled in Philadelphia on May 10. The Second Continental Congress started soon after Lexington and Concord.

The Second Continental Congress established the militia as the Continental Army to represent the thirteen states, as well as printing of money, and a post office led by Benjamin Franklin. On June 15, 1775, they elected George Washington commander in chief of the Continental Army.

Although American and British blood had been spilled, they were not ready to vote for a break from Britain.

DECLARING INDEPENDENCE JULY 4TH, 1776

Three Main Parts for Declaration of Independence:

1)Basic Human Rights- “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness”, “ All Men are Created Equal”, and the right to revolt against government if they are determined to be unjust.

2)List of Grievances (complaints) against King George III.

3)Formal Statement of Independence.

January 1776: Thomas Paine’s Common Sense called for a complete break with

British rule.

“Every thing that is right or reasonable pleads for separation. The blood of slain, the weeping of voices of nature cries, ‘TIS

TIME TO PART”.

This influenced John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert

Livingston, and Roger Sherman to create the Declaration of Independence.

BRAIN POP: CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION