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Chapter 5

Blood Pressure and flowby Ibrhim AlMohimeed

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Introduction

Circulatory system or Cardiovascular system

A body-wide network of blood, blood vessels, and lymph.

Powered by the heart.

It is the body’s distribution system to organs with oxygen,

hormones, and essential nutrients.

Helps fight diseases.

Maintains the normal body temperature.

Maintains the right chemical balance to provide the body’s

homeostasis.06/11/2013

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Cardiovascular system

• Cardiovascular system Components:

Heart.

Arteries.

Veins.

Blood.

Capillaries

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Cont. Cardiovascular system

• There Two types of cardiovascular system:

Systemic circulation:

the circulation of the blood to all parts of the body except the

lungs.

Pulmonary circulation:

the circulation of the blood to the lungs. The oxygen-depleted

blood is pumped away from the heart, via the pulmonary artery,

to the lungs and returned, oxygenated, to the heart via the

pulmonary vein.06/11/2013

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Heart

• It is a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood

throughout the network of arteries and veins.

• It has four chambers.

• Coronary arteries run along the surface of the heart and

provide oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.

• The average human heart beating rate is 72 per minute.

• Inlet and outlet valves in each ventricle ensure one-way

blood flow.

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Heart Champers

Right Atrium (RA): receives blood from the veins and

pumps it to the right ventricle.

Right Ventricle (RV): receives blood from the right atrium

and pumps it to the lungs, where it is loaded with oxygen.

Left Atrium (LA): receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

and pumps it to the left ventricle.

Left Ventricle (LV): the strongest chamber that pumps

oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body. The left ventricle’s

vigorous contractions create our blood pressure.

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Cont. Heart Champers

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Arteries

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• blood vessels that carry blood away from

the heart.

• Strong and flexible.

• Have muscular walls.

• Bear the highest blood pressures.

• Help maintain blood pressure between beats.

• Adjust their diameter to increase or decrease

blood flow to a particular area.

• Branches to smaller arteries and arterioles.

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Veins

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• blood vessels that carry blood toward from

the heart.

• Thin-walled but generally larger in diameter

than arteries.

• Carry same volume of blood, but at a lower

speed.

• Has much less blood pressure.

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Capillaries

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• smallest of a body's blood vessels.

• Tiny, extremely thin-walled.

• Act as bridges between arteries and veins.

• Allow nutrients to pass from blood to

tissues.

• Allow waste to pass from tissues into blood.

• Drain into venules, which drain into veins,

which lead back to the heart

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Capillaries

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• smallest of a body's blood vessels.

• Tiny, extremely thin-walled.

• Act as bridges between arteries and veins.

• Allow nutrients to pass from blood to

tissues.

• Allow waste to pass from tissues into blood.

• Drain into venules, which drain into veins,

which lead back to the heart

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Systole & diastole

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• Systole : the contraction of the heart

specifically the left ventricle.

• Diastole: is the period during which

the heart is relaxing specifically the

left ventricle.

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End of the Chapter

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