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123

Chapter-5

Analysis of Data

5.1 Profile of Anand and Kheda Districts

5.2 Analysis of Collected Data

124

Chapter-5

Analysis of Data

5.1 Profile of Anand and Kheda Districts

Gujarat state was existed from the then Bombay state with effect from 1st May 1960.

The former Kheda district was also divided on the same way in October 1997, into

Kheda and Anand districts. Nadiad remained the office of Kheda district and Anand

for Anand district.

Kheda district is consisted of total 10 talukas, whereas Anand district is consisted of

total 8 talukas. 5 talukas each from each district i.e. from Kheda and Anand districts

were selected as this area is famously called as charotar. The selected talukas were as

under :

Anand District:

1. Borsad

2. Khambhat

3. Petlad

4. Sojitra

5. Umreth

Kheda District

1. Kathlal

2. Mahudha

3. Matar

4. Mahemdabad

5. Nadiad

125

Here is given some general information of each District

I. Anand District

1. Borsad Taluka

Total Population 3,52,286

M-1,84,353 F-1,67,933

Area 42,341 Hect.

Revenue Villages 64

Towns 1

No. of Gram Panchayats 65

No. of Municipalities 01

Village with electicity 65

Village having water works 65

Facility of drinking water 65

Facility of Pakka Road 65

Village having Primary Schools 65

Facilities of S.T.Bus 65

Village of historical importance 03

Literacy rate M :52%, F: 48%

Rivers Mahisagar

Crops Tobacco, Millet, Wheat, Peddy,

Banana

Cutter: Cows, Buffaloes, Sheeps, Goats

126

2. Khambhat Taluka :


M-1,84,353 F-1,67,933

Area 86,703 Hect.

Area under Agriculture 45,732 Hect.

Grazing Land 2,182 Hect.

Irrigation Area 37,200 Hect.

Sea Product Fish

Industries: Small Scale Industries 59

Heavy Industries 15

Industrial Co-operative Societies 100

Power stations 03

Sub-stations 02

Edu. Institution :ITI 02

PTC 03

Colleges 08

Primary Schools 154

Secondary Schools 32

Literacy rate 72.5%

Male : 83.4%

Female 70%

Geographical situation latitude 20.07 N

Longitude 74.78 E

Railway Khambhhat to Anand 59 Km.

Rivers : Sabarmati, Mahisagar

Rain 560 mm(average)

Climate Pleasant

Crops : Peddy, Millet, Tobacco, Mustard,

Cotton, Wheat, Vegetable

Animals : Cows, Buffaloes, Bullocks, Goats,

Donkey, Camels, Pigs, Dogs

127

3. Petlad Taluka :


M-1,12,197 F-1,02,112

Literacy Rate : 74.7%

M-85.6%, F-62.9%

Total Villages 57

Geographical Situation :

Latitude

Longitude :

22.21' N to 22.4' N

72.4' E to 72.56' E

Railway 38 Km.

Roads : state high way 57

Rain 360 mm

Climate Pleasant

Crops : Millet, Peddy, Wheat, Tobacco,

Vegetable, Banana

Animals : Cows, Buffaloes

Educational Institutes :

Primary Schools

Secondary Schools

Post Basic Schools

College

165

40

02

04

Fertility rate 2.5%

Density 882 Per Km.

128

4. Sojitra Taluka :

Total Population 80,073

M-50,000 F-30,073

Total Villages 24

Geographical Situation :

Latitude

Longitude

22.21' N to 22.4' N

72.4' E to 72.56' E

Roads : State High Way 56

Rain 525 mm (average)

Corps : Millet, Peddy, Wheat, Tobacco,

Vegetable, Banana

Cattles : Cows, Buffaloes

Area 16,372.32.74 Hect.

Area under Agriculture : 14,289,00.38 Hect.

Grazing Land 2,163,32.38 Hect.

Irrigation Area : 8,178 Hect.

Power station : 01

Educational Institution :

Primary Schools

Secondary Schools

Post Basic Schools

Colleges

59

15

01

-

129

5. Umreth Taluka :


M-68,017 F-62,220

Total Villages 38

Area 21,57,27 Hect.

Literacy rate 73.34%

M-89.33% F-58.26%

Rivers : Shedhi

Climate : Warm(Pleasant)

Crops : Millet, Peddy, Wheat, Tobacco,

Cotton, Banana

Cattle : Cows, Buffaloes, Goats, Sheeps

Minerals : Sand

Substation : 01

Educational Institutes

Primary Schools

Higher Secondary Schools

ITI

College

110

02

01

-

Density 702

Females per 1000 Males 917

Total working people 71,404

Main working people 50,227

Petty cultivators (Agri. ways earners) 21,167

Not working people 91,001

130

II. Profile of Kheda District

1. Kathlal Taluka


Population Rural

Urban

1,62,715

18,796

No. of villages 59

No. of Gram Panchayats 51


Primary Schools

Colleges

178

01

Animal Hospital 01

Animal Nursery Centre 02

PHC 05

131

2. Mahudha Taluka :


Urban Rural Total

Male 8,192 51,832 60,024

Female 7,600 47,792 55,392

Total 15,792 99,624 11,5416

SC 199 3,487 3,686

ST 54 838 892

OBC 0 95,299 95,299

Area 28,626

Climate Pleasant

Rivers : Mahor, Luni, Shedhi

Crops : Tobacco, Peddy, Milet, Wheat


Primary Schools

Secondary Schools

Colleges

85

08

01

Literacy rate : 68.83%

M-85.35%

F-52.31%

132

3. Matar Taluka :


Population ST

OBC

1,490

85,041

M /F Ratio 27,499 / 24325

Area 38,641 Hect.

Irrigation 5,750 Hect.

Non Irrigation 5,750 Hect.

Non Agriculture 20,991 Hect.

Grazing Land 4,011 Hect.

Climate : Pleasant

Rivers : Mahor, Vatrak, Varansi

Crops : Cotton, Castor Plant, Fennel, Maize, Millet

Educational Institues :

Primary Schools

Secondary Schools

Colleges

ITI

104

20

02

01

Literacy rate: 73.70% M-87.30% F-58.28%

Cattle : Cows, Buffaloes, Bullocks

Milk Co-operation 47

Co. Banks 03

Occupation : Agriculture, Farming, Cattle, Grazing

Rain 814mm (average)

133

4. Mahemdavad Taluka :


Population SC

ST

6,835 (36.13%)

1,589 (0.84%)

Area : 3764.268 Hect.

Forest Area ; 1601.870 Hect.

Total Villages 73

Gram Panchayats 63

Nagarpalika 01

134

5. Nadiad Taluka :


Urban Rural Total

Male 1,21,143 1,33,798 2,54,941

Female 1,11,751 1,21,936 2,33,687

Total 2,32,894 2,55,734 4,88,628

SC 9,927 2,823 12,750 (4.2%)

ST 10,455 2,756 13,211 (11%)

M/F Ratio : 917 Per 1000 males

Climate : Dry

Area 9665 Sq Km

Forest Area : 827.4 SqKm (23.95%)

Rivers : Mahor, Vatrak


Primary Schools 224, Secondary Schools 15,

Colleges 10, ITI 02

GIDC 01

PHC 08

Cattles : Cows, Buffaloes,Goats, Sheeps, Bullocks

Animal Hospitals 03

Branches 02

Occupation : Agri. Farming, Cattle, rearing, Farm labourer

Police Station : Town

Rural

01

04

Electric Substation (66 KVA) 01

Communication Hall 21

Milk cooperatives 51

Co. Banks 04

Post office 01

Sub post offices 13

National highway 20 km

State Highway 90 km

Dist. Roads 60 km

Railway Station 06

Rain : 933 mm (average)

Small irrigation 1,200 km.

135

Regression technique was employed to identify the factors which influenced the level

of per capita consumption expenditure in a particular household. Regression results

indicated that per capita consumption expenditure was an important factor in

influencing the level of per-capita actual diet, per capita difference of actual diet and

balanced diet, per capita caloric content, per capita difference of calorie content and

calorie requirement of a household. The per capita consumption expenditure in turn

was affected by the loans the households had taken from indigenous money-lenders

like the Mahajans or Shahukars. Social and financial backwardness of the households,

their illiteracy and lack of awareness of facilities offered by Government and other

agencies are other factors which affected the poor. It was found that lack of sources of

irrigation, big sizes, of family, more dependence on the heads of households, absence

of other sources of economic activities, joint family system, unemployment, illiteracy

among landless and agricultural laborers were the major contributory factors for

existent of poverty to the extent it in the region.

136

5.2 Analysis of Collected Data

Q.1(2) Education

Table 5.1

Education in Anand District

Taluka Un Edu. Primary Secondary Higher

Secondary

Total

Borsad 02

5%

16

40%

21

52.5%

01

2.5%

40

100%

Khambhat 05

12.5%

10

25%

20

50%

05

12.5%

40

100%

Petlad 05

12.5%

04

10%

31

77.5%

0 40

100%

Sojitra 01

2.5%

06

15%

33

82.5%

0 40

100%

Umreth 15

37.5%

05

12.5%

15

37.5%

05

12.5%

40

100%

Total 28

14%

41

20.5%

120

60%

11

5.5%

200

100%

Education in Anand District

5%

40%

10%

77.50%82.50%

0 0

12.50%

12.50%

2.50%

37.50%25%

15%

12.50%

37.50%

52.50% 50%

12.50%12.50%

2.50%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Borsad Khambhat Petlad Sojitra Umreth

Un Edu. Primary Secondary Higher Secondary

137

In Anand district out of total 200 respondents 40 respondents belonged to Borsad

taluka. Out of those 40 respondents 2(5%) were uneducated, 16(40%) were primary

level, 21(52.5%) had taken secondary education and only one (2.5%) respondent has

taken higher education.

In Khambhat takula, out of total 40 respondents 5 (12.5%) were uneducated, 10 (25%)

had taken primary education, 20 (50%) respondents has taken secondary education

whereas 5 (12.5%) respondents had taken higher secondary education.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 5 (12.5%) were uneducated, 04 (10%)

had taken primary education and remaining 31 (77.5%) had taken secondary

education. No one had taken Higher secondary education.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents, 1 (2.5%) was uneducated, 6 (15%) had

taken primary education while remaining 33(82.5%) had taken secondary education.

No one had taken Higher secondary education.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents, 15 (37.5%) were uneducated, 05

(12.5%) respondents had taken primary education, 15 (37.5%) had taken secondary

education while only 05 (12.5%) respondents had taken Higher secondary education.

In this way, one can see illiteracy of respondents in Umreth taluka. Out of total 40

respondents 15(37.5%) respondents were uneducated. Remote talukas like Petlad and

Sojitra, level of Higher secondary was not seen in respondents. No one had taken

Higher secondary education in both these talukas.

138

Table-5.2

Education in Kheda District

Taluka Un edu. Primary Secondary Higher

Secondary

Total

Kathlal 19

47.5%

17

42.5%

04

10%

0 40

(100%)

Mahudha 18

45%

17

42.5%

04

10

01

2.5%

40

(100%)

Matar 09

22.5%

23

57.5%

08

20%

0 40

(100%)

Mehmdabad 10

25%

24

60%

06

15%

0 40

(100%)

Nadiad 16

40%

19

47.5%

05

12.5%

0 40

(100%)

Total 72

36%

100

50%

27

13.5%

01

0.5%

200

(100%)

Education in Kheda District

47.50%

57.50%

60%

47.50%

10%

15%

12.50%

2.50%

0

0

0

40%

25%

22.50%

45%

42.50%

42.50%

20%

10%

0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00%

Kathlal

Mahudha

Matar

Mehmdabad

Nadiad

Higher Secondary

Secondary

Primary

Un edu.

In Kheda district out of total 200 respondents, 40 respondents belonged to Kathlal

taluka. Out of these 40 respondents, 19 (47.5%) respondents were uneducated, 17

(42.5%) had taken primary education, while only 04 (10%) respondents had taken

secondary education, None was highly educated.

139

In Mahudha taluka, out of total 40 respondents, 18 (45 %) respondents were illeterate,

17 (42.5%) had taken primary education, 4 (10%) respondents had taken secondary

education. Only one (2.5%) respondent had taken Higher secondary education.

In Matar taluka, out of total 40 respondents, 9 (22.5%) respondents were illiterate, 23

(57.5%) had taken primary education, 8(20%) had taken secondary education. No one

had taken Higher secondary education.

In Mahemdabad taluka, out of total 40 respondents, 10(25%) were illiterate, 24 (60%)

had taken primary education, 6 (15%) had taken secondary education, while none was

highly educated.

In Nadiad taluka, out of total 40 respondents, 16 (40%) were illiterate, 19 (47.5%) had

taken primary education, 5 (12.5%) had taken secondary education, while non was

highly educated.

In this way while comparing to both districts out of total 200 respondents 28 (14%)

respondents were illiterate in Anand district while this proportion was significantly

high in Kheda district. 72 respondents (36%) were illiterate from total 200

respondents.

In Anand district, percentage of secondary educated respondents was high. 120 from

200 ( 60%), while it was only 27 from 200 (13.5%) in that of Kheda district.

Naturally, primary educated respondents were more in Kheda district (50%) than in

Anand district ( 20.5 %).

Only one respondent (0.5%) from Kheda District had taken higher secondary

education out of total 200 respondents while this figure was rather high 11 (5.5% ) in

Anand district. In this way literacy rate was high in Anand district than in Kheda

district.

140

Q.2 Name of village Anand District

Table-5.3

Name of village Anand District

Taluka Name of

Village

Rural % Urban %

Borsad Alarsa

Zarola

Davol

Napa Vanta

10

10

20

50

50

100

10

10

20

50

50

100

Khambhat Kalamsar

Shankarpur

Kansari

Undel

10

10

20

50

50

100

10

10

20

50

50

100

Petlad Bandhani

Porda

Mehlav

Sunav

10

10

20

50

50

100

10

10

20

50

50

100

Sojitra

Manghrol

Palol

Devataj

Sojitra

10

10

20

50

50

100

10

10

20

50

50

100

Umreth Sureli

Sundalpura

Bhalej

Pansora

10

10

20

50

50

100

10

10

20

50

50

100

Total 100 100

141

Table-5.4

Name of village in Kheda District

Taluka Name of Village Rural % Urban %

Kathlal Khokharvada

Porda

Bhaner

Kathlal

10

10

20

50

50

100

10

10

20

50

50

100

Mahudha Dadusar

Mangalpur

Finav

Vadthal

10

10

20

50

50

100

10

10

20

50

50

100

Matar Hejarabad

Khodiarpura

Alindra

Khandhali

10

10

20

50

50

100

10

10

20

50

50

100

Mahemdabad Areri

Kesra

Shihunj

Wanthwadi

10

10

20

50

50

100

10

10

20

50

50

100

Nadiad Manjipura

Bilodara

Davapura

Uttarsanda

10

10

10

30

33.3

33.3

33.3

100

10

100%

Total 110 90

142

Q.2 Rural-Urban Proportion

Table-5.5

Rural-Urban Proportion

Name of

District

Name of

Taluka

Rural

Respondents

Urban

Respondents

Total

Anand Borsad

Khambhat

Petlad

Sojitra

Umreth

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

40

40

40

40

40

100 100 200

Kheda Kathlal

Mahudha

Matar

Mahemdabad

Nadiad

20

20

20

20

30

20

20

20

20

10

40

40

40

40

40

110 90 200

In both the districts rural urban proportion was approximately same.

In Anand district 100 rural and 100 urban respondents, while in Kheda district 110

rural and 90 urban respondents.

143

Q.4 Type of Family

Table 5.6

Type of Family in Anand District

Name of

Taluka

Joint

Family No.

% Nuclear

No.

% Total

No.

%

Borsad 38 95.0 2 5.0 40 100

Khambhat 33 82.5 7 17.5 40 100

Petlad 36 90.0 4 10.0 40 100

Sojitra 40 100.0 0 0.0 40 100

Umreth 15 37.5 25 62.5 40 100

Total 162 81.0 38 19.0 200 100

Type of Family in Anand District

95

82.5

90

100

37.5

5

17.5

10

0

62.5

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Borsad

Khambhat

Petlad

Sojitra

Umreth

Joint Family %

Nuclear %

In Borsad Taluka out of total 40 respondents 38 (95%) live in joint family while

2(5%) respondents live in nuclear family.

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents 33 (82.5%) respondents live in joint

family whereas 7 (17.5%) respondents live in nuclear family.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents 36 (90%) respondents live in joint family

while 4 (10%) respondents live in nuclear family.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents all the 40(100 ) live in joint family. Thus

phenomenon can be attributed as, more the culture of rural surrounding, more the

family relation in joint culture.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents 15 (37.5%) respondents live in joint

family whereas 25 (62.5%) respondents live in nuclear family. Same pattern as

Sojitra taluka. As Umreth taluka is of rather urban culture, the proportion of nuclear

family is more than that of joint family.

Overall 162(81%) respondents live in joint family where 38 (19%) respondents live

in nuclear family.

144

Table-5.7

Type of Family in Kheda District

Name of

Taluka

Joint

Family No.

% Nuclear

No.

% Total

No.

%

Kathlal 39 97.5 1 2.5 40 100

Mahudha 39 97.5 1 2.5 40 100

Matar 39 97.5 1 2.5 40 100

Mahemdabad 39 97.5 1 2.5 40 100

Nadiad 38 95 2 5 40 100

Total 194 97 06 3 200 100

Type of Family in Kheda District

97.5

97.5

97.5

97.5

95

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

5

92 94 96 98 100 102

Kathlal

Mahudha

Matar

Mahemdabad

Nadiad

Joint Family %

Nuclear %

In Kathlal, Mahudha, Matar and Mahemdabad talukas out of 40 respondents in each

taluka 39 (97.5%) respondents live in joint family. While only 1(2.5%) respondents

in each taluka live in nuclear family.

Only in Nadiad Taluka, out of total 40 respondents 38(95%) respondents live in joint

family while remaining 2(5%) respondents in nuclear family.

Overall 194 (97%) respondents live in joint family while only 6(3%) respondents live

in nuclear family.

Comparing both the district proportion of joint family is more 97% in Kheda District

then that of Anand district (81%) the picture is clear. Effect of urbanization is more in

Anand district then that of Kheda district.

145

Q.5 Total No. of Family Members

Table-5.8

Total No. of Family Members Anand District

Name of

Taluka

Less than

5 No.

% 5 to 10

No.

% More than

10 No.

% Total

Borsad 1 02.5 28 70.0 11 27.5 40

Khambhat 8 20.0 25 62.5 07 17.5 40

Petlad 4 10.0 26 65.0 10 25.0 40

Sojitra 0 00.0 31 77.5 09 22.5 40

Umreth 5 12.5 18 45.0 17 42.5 40

Total 18 09.0 128 64.0 54 27.0 200

2.5

70

27.5

20

62.5

17.5 10

65

25

0

77.5

22.5

12.5

45 42.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


Total No. of Family Members Anand District

Less than 5 %

5 to 10%

More than 10 %

Toble no 5.8 of family members Anand Dist. in Borsad taluka out of total 40

respondents 1 (2.5%) respondents had less than 5 members in his family, 28 (70%)

respondents had 5 to 10 members in their familiar remaining 11(27.5%) respondents

had more than 10 members in their family.

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents 8(20%) respondents had less than five

members in their family, 25(62.5%) respondents has 5 to 10 members in their family

while remaining 7 (17.5%) respondents had more than 10 members in their family.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents 4(10%) respondents had less than 5

members in their family, 26 (65%) respondents had 5 to 10 members in their family

while remaining 10(25%) respondents had more than 10 members in their family.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents 31(77.5%) respondents had 5 to 10

members in their family, while remaining 9 (22.5%) respondents had more than 10

members in their family.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents 5(12.5%) respondents had less than 5

members in their family, 18(45%) respondents had 5 to 10 members in their family,

while remaining 17(42.5%) respondents had more than 10 members in their family.

Over all 18(9%) respondents had less than 5 members in their family, 128(64%)

respondents had 5 to 10 members in their family, while remaining 54(27%)

respondents had more than 10 members in their family.

146

Table-5.9

Total No. of Family Members in Kheda District

Name of

Taluka

Less than

5 No

% 5 to 10

No.

% More than

10 No.

% Total

Kathlal 4 10 32 80 4 10.0 40

Mahudha 0 0.0 32 80 8 20.0 40

Matar 1 2.5 39 97.5 0 0.0 40

Mahemdabad 1 2.5 39 97.5 0 0.0 40

Nadiad 4 10.0 35 87.5 1 2.5 40

Total 10 5.0 177 88.5 13 6.5 200

10

80

10

0

80

202.5

97.5

0 2.5

97.5

010

87.5

2.50

20

40

60

80

100

Kathlal Mahudha Matar Mahemdabad Nadiad

Total No. of Family Members in Kheda District

Less than 5 % 5 to 10% More than 10 %

In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents 4(10%) respondents had less than 5

members in their family, 32 (80) respondents had 5 to 10 members in their family

while 4 (10%) respondents had more than 10 members in their family.

147

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents 32(80%) respondents had 5 to 10

members in their family whereas 8(20%) respondents had more than 10 members in

their family.

In Matar and Mahemdabad talukas out of total 40 respondents 1(2.5%) respondents

each had less than 5 members in his family, while remaining 39 (97.5%) respondents

had 5 to 10 members in their family.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents 4(10%) respondents had less than 5

members in their family, 35(87.5%) respondents had 5 to 10 members in their family

while remaining 1(2.5%) respondents had more than 10 members in his family.

Over all out of total 200 respondents 10(5%) respondents had less than 5 members in

their family, 177(88.5%) respondents had 5 to 10 members in their family, while

remaining 13(6.5%) respondents had more than 10 members in their family.

Comparing both the district, in Kheda district 49 respondents were more in middle

range (5 to 10 members) and 41 respondents were more in last range (more than 10

members) in Anand Dist.

148

Q.6 Type of Occupation

Table-5.10

Type of Occupation Anand District

Taluka

Farming & Labour Work of People Total

Kheti

Majuri Kheti &

Majuri Kheti &

Nokri Majuri

& Nokri Nokri Kala

karigari Anya Kheti

Borsad 1

2.5%

39

97.5%

0 0 0 0 0 0 40

100.0%

Khambhat 6

15%

20

50%

2

5%

8

20%

0 4

10.00%

0 0 40

100.0%

Petlad 2

5.0%

35

87.5%

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

0 1

2.5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Sojitra 0 40

100.0%

0 0 0 0 0 0 40

100.0%

Umreth 6

15%

19

47.5%

3

7.5%

3

7.5%

3

7.5%

6

15%

0 0 40

100.0%

Total 15

7.5%

153

76.5%

6

3%

12

6%

3

1.5%

11

5.5%

0 0 200

100.0

%

Type of Occupation Anand District

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%

120.00%


Kheti Majuri Kheti & Majuri Kheti & NokriMajuri & Nokri Nokri Kala karigari Anya

149

Out of total 200 respondents of Anand district 40 belonged to Borsad taluka. Out of

these 40 respondents 1(2.5%) respondent was only farming while remaining 39

(97.5%) respondents were only labour work.

In Khambhat taluka, out of total 40 respondents 6 (15%) respondents were only

farming, 20 (50%) respondents were only labour, 2 (5%) respondent was farming and

labour, 8 (20%) respondents were farming and service while remaining 4 (10%)

respondents were only service.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 2 (5%) respondents were only farming, 35

(87.5%) respondents were only labour, 1 (2.5%) respondent was farming and labour,

1 (2.5%) respondent was farming and service while remaining 1 (2.5%) respondent

was only service.

In Sojitra taluka, all the 40 (100%) respondents were relied upon farm-labour.

In Umreth taluka, out of total 40 respondents 6(15%) respondents were farming,

19(47.5%) respondents were labour work, 3(7.5%) respondent was farming and

labour, 3(7.5%) respondents were farming and service, 3(7.5%) respondents were

labour and service while remaining 6 (15%) were only service.

150

Table-5.11

Type of Occupation in Kheda District

Taluka

Farming & Labour Work of People Total

Kheti Majuri

Kheti &

Majuri

Kheti &

Nokri

Majuri

& Nokri Nokri

Kala-

karigari Anya Kheti

Kathlal 6

15.0%

22

55.0%

12

30.0% 0 0 0 0 0

40

100.0%

Mahudha 1

2.5%

20

50.0%

19

47.5% 0 0 0 0 0

40

100.0%

Matar 4

10.0%

18

45.0%

16

40.0% 0 0 0

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Mhem-

davad

9

22.5%

20

50.0%

11

27.5% 0 0 0 0 0

40

100.0%

Nadiad 17

42.5%

20

50.0%

3

7.5% 0 0 0 0 0

40

100.0%

Total 37

18.5%

100

50.0%

61

30.5%

0 0 0 1

0.5%

1

0.5%

200

100.0%

Type of Occupation in Kheda District

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

Kathalal Mahudha Matar Mhemdavad Nadiad

Kheti Majuri Kheti & Majuri Kheti & NokriMajuri & Nokri Nokri Kala karigari Anya

In Kheda district out of total 200, respondents 40 respondents belonged to Kathlal

takula. Among these 40 respondents 6 (15 %) were only farming, 22(55 %) only

labour work while 12(30 %) were farming and labour

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40, One respondents 1(2.5%) was farming, 20(50%)

only labour work and 19 (47.5%) were both farming and labour work.

In Matar taluka out of total 40 respondents, 4(10%) only farming, 18 (45%) only

labour work, 16 (40%) both farming and labour, 1(2.5%) art work, and 1(2.5%) was

in other misc. work.

In Mahemdabad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 9 (22.5%) respondents were only

farming, 20(50%) only labour work and 11(27.5%) were both farming and labour

work.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 17 (42.5%) respondents were only

farming, 20(50%) only labour work while 3(7.5%) were both farming and labour

work.

151

Q.6 Profession

Table-5.12

Profession in Anand Dist.

Taluka

Kheti

karta 0

ane

dudhala

0

Kheti

karta 0

ane

dudhala

1

Kheti

karta 1

ane

dudhala

0

Kheti

karta 2

ane

dudhala

0

Kheti

karta 1

ane

Dudhala

1

Kheti

karta 2

ane

Dudhala

1

Kheti

karta 2

ane

Dudhala

2

Kheti

karta 3

ane

Dudhala

1

Kheti

karta 0

ane

Dudhala

4

Khetikarta

0

ane

Dudhala

2

Kheti

karta 1

ane

Dudhala

2 Total

Borsad 18

45.0%

8

20.0%

3

7.5% 0 0 0 0 0 0

11

27.5% 0

40

100.0%

Khambh

at

3

7.5%

14

35%

2

5%

2

5%

3

7.5%

4

10%

2

5%

2

5% 0

6

15%

2

5%

40

100.0%

Petlad 11

27.5%

15

37.5% 0 0 0

4

10.0%

1

2.5% 0 0

8

20.0%

1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Sojitra 12

30%

15

35%

1

2.5%

0 0 0 0 0 1

2.5%

11

27.5% 0

40

100.0%

Umreth 20

50%

8

20% 0

1

2.5%

1

2.5% 0

1

2.5% 0

4

10%

5

12.5% 0

40

100.0%

Total 64

32%

60

30%

6

3%

3

1.5%

4

2%

8

4%

4

2%

2

1%

5

2.5%

41

20.5%

3

1.5%

200

100%

Profession in Anand Dist

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

Borsad Khmbhat Petlad Sojitra Umreth

Kheti karta 0 ane dudhala 0




Kheti karta 1 ane Dudhala 1





Khetikarta 0 ane Dudhala 2


In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 18 (45%) respondents had no farming

members nor any cattle, 8 (20%) respondents had no farming members but had one

milking cattle, 3 (7.5%) respondents had one farming member but no cattle, and

remaining 11(27.5) respondents had no farming member but had two milking cattle.

152

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents, 3 (7.5%) respondents had no farming

members nor any cattle, 14 (35%) respondents said that thay had no farming members

but had one milking cattle, 2(5%) respondent had one farming member but no cattle, 2

(5%)respondent had two farming members but no cattle, 3(7.5%) respondents had one

farming member and one milking cattle, 4(10%) respondents had two farming

members and one milking cattle, 2(5%) respondent had two farming members and

two milking cattle, 2(5%) respondent had three farming members and 1 milking

cattle, 6 (15%) respondents had no farming member but had two milking cattle, while

remaining 2 (5%) respondents had one farming member and two milking cattle. In

this way, this taluka had largest varieties of groups of different criteria.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 11 (27.5%) respondents had no farming

members nor any milking cattle, 15 (37.5%) respondents had no farming members but

had one milking cattle, 4 (10%) respondents had two farming members and one

milking cattle, 1(2.5%) respondent had two farming members and two milking cattle,

8 (20%) respondents had no farming member but had two milking cattle, while

remaining 1(2.5%) respondent had one farming member and two milking cattle.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents, 12 (30%) respondents had no farming

members nor any milking cattle, 15 (35%) respondents had no farming members but

had one milking cattle, 1(2.5%) respondent had one farming member but no milking

cattle, one (2.5%) respondent had no farming member but had four milking cattle and

remaining 11 (27.5%) respondents had no farming member but two milking cattle.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents, 20 (50%) respondents had no farming


had one milking cattle, 1 (2.5%) respondent had two farming members but no milking

cattle, 1 (2.5%) respondents had one farming member and one milking cattle, 1

(2.5%) respondents had two farming members and two milking cattle, 4 (10%)

respondents had no farming member but had four milking cattle, while remaining 5

(12.5%) respondents had no farming member but had two milking cattle.

153

Table-5.13

Profession in Kheda District

Q2_2

Taluka

Kheti

karta 0

ane

dudhala 0

Kheti

karta 0

ane

dudhala 1

Kheti

karta 1

ane

dudhala 0

Kheti

karta 2

ane

dudhala 0

Kheti karta

1 ane

Dudhala 1

Kheti karta

2 ane

Dudhala 1

Kheti karta

2 ane

Dudhala 2

Kheti karta

3 ane

Dudhala 1

Kheti karta

0 ane

Dudhala 4

Khetikarta 0

ane

Dudhala 2

Kheti karta

1 ane

Dudhala 2 Total

Kathlal 35

87.5%

1

2.5%

2

5.0%

2

5.0% 0 0 0 0 0 0

40

100.0%

Mahudha 26

65%

5

12.5%

7

17.5%

1

2.5%

1

2.5% 0 0 0 0 0 0

40

100.0%

Matar 35

87.5%

4

10.0% 0 0 0

1

2.5% 0 0 0 0 0

40

100.0%

Mhemdavad 28

70.0%

7

17.5% 0

2

5.0%

2

5.0% 0 0 0 0

1

2.5% 0

40

100.0%

Nadiad 31

77.5%

7

17.5% 0

1

2.5%

1

2.5% 0 0 0 0 0 0

40

100.0%

Total 155

77.5%

24

12%

9

4.5%

4

2%

6

3%

1

0.5% 0 0 0

1

0.5% 0

200

100.0%

154

Profession in Kheda District

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

Kathalal Mahudha Matar Mhemdavad Nadiad










Khetikarta 0 ane Dudhala 2


In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents, 35 (87.5%) respondents had no farming

members nor any milking cattle, 1 (2.5%) respondents had no farming members but had

one milking cattle, 2 (5%) respondents had one farming member but no milking cattle,

while remaining 2 (5%) respondents had one farming member and one milking cattle.

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents, 26 (65%) respondents had no farming


had one milking cattle, 7 (17.5%) respondents had only one farming member but no

milking cattle, 1 (2.5%) respondent had two farming members but no milking cattle

while remaining 1(2.5%) respondent had no farming member and one milking cattle.

In Matar taluka out of total 40 respondents, 35 (37.5%) respondents had no farming


had one milking cattle, while remaining one (2.5%) respondent had two farming

members and one milking cattle.

In Mahemdabad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 28 (70%) respondents had no

farming members nor any milking cattle, 7 (17.5%) respondents had no farming

members but had one milking cattle, 2 (5%) respondent had two farming members but

no milking cattle, 2(5%) respondents had one farming member and one milking cattle,

while remaining 1(2.5%) respondent had no farming member but had two milking

cattle.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 31 (77.5%) respondents had no farming


had one milking cattle, 1 (2.5%) respondent had two farming members but had no

milking cattle, while remaining 1 (2.5%) respondent had one farming member and

one milking cattle.

In researcher's view, this question and its answer reveal the real picture of sample. In

Anand District out of total 200 respondents 64 (32%) respondents and in Kheda

District 155 out of total 200 (77.5%) respondents had no farming member nor any

milking cattle. They lived on sky (God) without any firm (sure) income. 60 (30%)

respondents from Anand district and 24 (12%) respondents from Kheda district lived

one miling cattle. Comparing both the districts, picture of Kheda district was worst.

Where 77.5% respondents had no source of income and 12% respondents lived on one

cattle, In Anand district also Khambhat 14(35%), Petlad 15 (35%) and Sojitra 15

(37.5%) household lived on one milking cattle.

155

Q.9 Involvement of women with main (principal) work.

Table-5.14

Involvement of women with main (principal) work. Anand Dist.

Taluka Hours Percentage

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Borsad 16

40.0% 0 1

2.5% 3

7.5% 13

32.5% 1

2.5% 1

2.5% 4

10.0% 1

2.5% 40

100.0%

Khambh

at 9

22.5% 0 0 6

15.0% 1

2.5% 15

37.5% 5

12.5% 4

10.0% 0 40

100.0%

Petlad 11

27.5% 1

2.5% 16

40.0% 6

15.0% 3

7.5% 3

7.5% 0 0 0 40

100.0%

Sojitra 14

35.0% 0 1

2.5% 0 12

30.0% 8

20.0% 2

5.0% 3

7.5% 0 40

100.0%

Umreth 22

55.0% 0 6

15.0% 6

15.0% 2

5.0% 2

5.0% 1

2.5% 1

2.5% 0 40

100.0%

Total 72

36.0% 1

0.5% 24

12.0% 21

10.5% 31

15.5% 29

14.5% 9

4.5% 12

6% 1

0.5% 200

100.0%

Involvement of women with main (principal) work.

Anand Dist.

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

Borsad Khmbhat Petlad Sojitra Umreth

1 hr. 2 hr. 3 hr. 4 hr. 5 hr. 6 hr. 7 hr. 8 hr. 9 hr.

In Anand District out of total 200 respondents, 40 respondents belonged to Borsad

taluka. Involvement of women with main (principal) work was as under: 1 hr. 16

(40%), 3 hr. 1 (2.5%), 4 hrs. 3 (7.5%), 5 hrs. 13 (32.5%) 6 hrs. 1 (2.5%), 7 hrs. 1

(2.5%) 8 hrs. 4 (10%) and 9 hrs. 1 (2.5%).

In Khambhat taluka, women's involvement was found as under: 1 hr. 9 (22.5%), 4 hrs.

6 (15.0%), 5 hrs. 1 (2.5%), 6 hrs. 15 (37.5%), 7 hrs 5 (12.5%) and 8 hr. 4 (10.0%).

In Petlad taluka involvement of 40 respondent women with main (principal) work was

as follow: 1 hr. 11 (27.5%), 2 hrs. 1 (2.5%), 3 hrs. 16 (40%), 4 hrs. 6 (15%), 5 hrs, 3

(7.5%) and remaining 3(7.5%) 6 hrs.

In Sojitra taluka involvement of 40 respondent women with their main work was as

under: 1hr. 14 (35.0%), 3 hrs. 1 (2.5%), 5 hrs. 12 (30.0%), 6 hrs. 8 (20.0%), 7 hrs 2

(5.0%) and 8 hrs. 3 (7.5%)

In Umreth taluka involvement of 40 women respondents was as under: 1 hr. 22

(55%), 3 hrs. 6 (15%), 4 hrs. 6 (15%), 5 hrs. 2 (5%), 6 hrs. 2 (5%) 7 hrs. 1 (2.5%) and

8 hrs. 1 (2.5%)

156

Table-5.15

Involvement of Women with main (principal) Work Kheda District

Taluka Hours Percentage

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Kathlal 29

72.5% 0 0

9

22.5% 0

1

2.5%

1

2.5% 0 0

40

100.0%

Mahudha 6

15.0%

1

2.5% 0

11

27.5%

8

20.0%

13

32.5% 0

1

2.5% 0

40

100.0%

Matar 28

70.0% 0 0

10

25.0% 0

2

5.0% 0 0 0

40

100.0%

Mahemdava

d

25

62.5% 0 0

11

27.5%

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

2

5.0% 0 0

40

100.0%

Nadiad 21

52.5% 0 0

7

17.5%

11

27.5% 0

1

2.5% 0 0

40

100.0%

Total 109

54.5%

1

0.5% 0

48

24.0%

20

10.0%

17

8.5%

4

2.0%

1

0.5% 0

40

100.0%

Involvement of Women with main (principal) Work

Kheda District

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

Kathlal Mahudha Matar Mahemdavad Nadiad

1 hr. 2 hr. 3 hr. 4 hr. 5 hr. 6 hr. 7 hr. 8 hr. 9 hr.

In Kheda district out of total 200 respondents, 40 respondents belonged to Kathlal taluka. Out

of these 40 respondents involvement of woman with main work was as under, 1 hour: 29

(72.5%), 4 hrs : 9(22.5), 6 hrs 1 (2.5%), 7 hrs : 1 (2.5%).

In Mahudha taluka, out of total 40 respondents 6(15.0%) women were involved for 1 hr., 1

(2.5%) was for 2 hrs., 11 (27.5%) for 4hrs., 8 (20%) for 5 hrs., 13(32.5%) women for 6 hrs

and 1(2.5%) woman for 8 hrs.

In Matar taluka out of total 40 respondents, 28 (70%) women were involved for 1 hr., 10

(25%) for 4 hrs and 2(5%) for 6 hrs.

In Mahemdabad taluka out of total 40 respondents 25 (62.5%) women were involved for 1 hr.,

11(27.5%) for 4 hrs., 1(2.5%) for 5 hrs., 1(2.5%) for 6 hrs. and 2(5%) women were involved

for 7 hrs.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 21 (52.5%) women were involved for 1 hr.,

7(17.5%) for 4 hrs., 11(27.5%) for 5 hrs. while 1 (2.5%) woman was involved for 7hrs. with

main work.

157

Table 5.16

Q.10 (1) Distance of occupation place

Distance of occupation place Anand District (distance in km.)

Taluka 1<10 11<20 20> Total

Borsad 15

57.7%

11

42.3%

0 26

100.0%

Khambhat 7

35.0%

7

35.0%

6

30.0%

20

100.0%

Petlad 17

51.5%

16

48.5%

0 33

100.0%

Sojitra 29

85.3%

5

14.7%

0 34

100.0%

Umreth 6

27.3%

14

63.6%

2

9.1%

22

100.0%

Total 74

54.81%

53

39.25%

8

6.94%

135

100%

Distance of occupation place Anand District (distance in km.)

57.70%

85.30%

27.30%

42.30%35.00%

48.50%

63.60%

0 0 0

9.10%

51.50%

35.00%

14.70%

30.00%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%


1<10 11<20 20>

In Borsad taluka out of 26 respondents, 15 (57.5%) respondents had to travel 1 to 15

km distance while 11 (42.3%) respondents had to go 11 to 20 kms. distance.

In Khambhat taluka out 20 respondents, 7(35%) had to travel 1 to 10 kms. distance, 7

had to go 11 to 20 kms distance whiel 6 (30%) had to go more than 20 kms distance.

In Petlad taluka out of total 33 respondents, 17 (51.5%) respondents had to travel 1 to

10 kms. While remaining 16 (48.5%) had to go 11 to 20 kms. distance.

In Sojitra taluka out of 34 respondents, 29 (85.3%) respondents had to go 1 to 10 mks.

distance while remaining 5 (14.7%) had to go 11 to 20 kms distance.

In Umreth taluka out of 22 respondents, 6 (27.3%) travelled 1 to 10 kms, 14 (63.6%)

travelled 10 to 20 kms and remaining 2 (9.1%) travelled more than 20 kms. distance.

158

Table 5.17

Distance of occupation place Kheda District (distance in km.)

Taluka 1<10 11<20 20> Total

Kathlal 17

65.4%

9

34.6%

0 26

100.0%

Mahudha 17

70.8%

7

29.2%

0 24

100.0%

Matar 20

76.9%

6

23.1%

0 26

100.0%

Mahemdavad 18

60.0%

12

40.0%

0 30

100.0%

Nadiad 20

87.0%

3

13.0%

0 23

100.0%

Total 92

71.32%

37

28.68%

0 129

100.0%

Distance of occupation place Kheda District (distance in km.)

65.40%60.00%

87.00%

34.60%29.20%

13.00%

0 0 0 0

70.80%76.90%

23.10%

40.00%

0

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%


1<10 11<20 20>

In Kathlal taluka out of 26 respondents, 17 (65.4%) respondents travelled 1 to 10

kms for their occupation, while remaining 9 (34.6%) respondents travelled 11 to 20

kms. distance.

In Mahudha taluka out of 24 respondents 17 (70.8%) respondents travelled 1 to 10

kms. distance while remaining 7 (29.2%) respondents travelled 11 to 20 kms distance.

In Matar taluka out of 26 respondents 20 (76.9%) travelled 1 to 10 kms. distance

while remaining 6 (23.1%) respondents travelled 11 to 20 kms. distance for their

occupation.

In Mahemdabad taluka out of 30 respondents 18 (60%) respondents travelled 1 to 10

kms. distance while remaining 12 (40%) travelled 11 to 20 kms. distance.

In Nadiad taluka out of 23 respondents 20 (87%) had to travel 1 to 10 kms. distance

while remaining 3 (13%) travelled 11 to 20 kms. distance to reach their occupational

destination.

159

Q.10 (2) Annual Income of Members who has gone outside

Table-5.18

Annual Income of Members who has gone outside in Anand District

Taluka NA 1000 <

5000

5001 <

10000

10001

<15000

15001

<25000 25001> Total

Borsad 14

35.0%

17

42.5%

1

2.5%

7

17.5%

1

2.5%

0 40

100.0%

Khambha

t

14

35.0%

24

60.0%

0

2

5.0%

0 0 40

100.0%

Petlad 7

17.5%

26

65.0%

3

7.5%

3

7.5%

1

2.5%

0 40

100.0%

Sojitra 5

12.5%

11

27.5%

2

5.0%

21

52.5%

1

2.5%

0 40

100.0%

Umreth 22

55.0%

14

35.0%

2

5.0%

1

2.5%

0 1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Total 62

31.0%

92

46.0%

8

4.0%

34

17.0%

3

1.5%

1

0.5%

200

100.0%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%


Annual Income of Members who has gone

outside in Anand District

NA

1000 < 5000

5001 < 10000

10001 <15000

15001 <25000

25001>

In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 14(35%) did not answer (N.A.), 17

(42.5%) respondents' income was Rs.1000 to 5000, 1 (2.5%) respondent's income was

Rs.5001 to 10000, 7(17.5%) respondents' income was Rs.10001 to 15000, while

1(2.5%) respondent's income was Rs.15001 to 25000.

160

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents, 14(35%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 24 (60%) respondents income Rs.1000 to 5000, while 2 (5%) respondent's

income was Rs.10001 to 15000.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 7 (17.5%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 26(65%) respondents' income was Rs.1000 to 5000, 3(7.5%) respondent's

income was Rs.5001 to 10000, 3(7.5%) respondents' annual income was Rs.10000 to

Rs.15000, while one (2.5%) respondent's annual income was Rs.15001 to 25000 .

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents, 5 (12.5%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 11(27.5%) respondents' annual income was Rs.1000 to 5000, 2 (5.0%)

respondents' income was Rs.5001 to 10000, 21 (52.5%) respondents' annual income

was Rs.10001 to Rs.15000, while one (2.5%) respondents' annual income was

Rs.15001 to 25000 .

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents, 22 (55.0%) respondents did not answer,

14(35%) respondents' annual income was Rs.1000 to 5000, 2(5%) respondents' annual

income was Rs.5001 to 10000, 1 (2.5%) respondent's annual income was Rs.10001 to

Rs.15000, while remaining one (2.5%) respondent's annual income was more than Rs.

25000 .

Seeing the table one can conclude that approximately 31% (average) respondents did

not answer (N.A.), while most of the respondents' annual income was in the group of

Rs.1000 to Rs.15000.

161

Table-5.19

Annual Income of members who has gone outside in Kheda District.

Taluka NA 1000 <

5000

5001 <

10000

10001

<15000

15001

<25000

25001> Total

Kathlal 14

35.0%

10

25.0%

11

27.5%

4

10.0%

0 1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Mahudha 15

37.5%

8

20.0%

15

37.5%

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

0 40

100.0%

Matar 14

35.0%

16

40.0%

10

25.0%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Mahemdavad 10

25.0%

12

30.0%

17

42.5%

1

2.5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Nadiad 17

42.5%

6

15.0%

16

40.0%

1

2.5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Total 70

35%

52

26%

69

34.5%

7

3.5%

1

0.5%

1

0.5%

200

100%

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

45.00%


Annual Income of members who has gone

outside in Kheda District.

NA

1000 < 5000

5001 < 10000

10001 <15000

15001 <25000

25001>

In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents 14 (35%) did not answer (N.A.) 10(25%)

respondents annual income was Rs. 1000 to 5000, 11(27.5%) respondents annual

income was Rs. 5001 to 10000, 4(40%) respondents annual income was 10001 to

15000 while remaining 1(2.5%) respondent's annual income was more than Rs.

25000.

162

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents 15(37.5%) did not answer (N.A.)

8(20%) respondents annual income was Rs. 1000 to 5000, 15(37.5%) respondents

annual income was Rs. 5001 to 10000, 1(2.5%) respondent's annual income was

10001 to 15000 while remaining 1(2.5%) respondent's annual income fell in the group

Rs. 15001 to 25000.

In Matar taluka out of total 40 respondents 14(35%) did not answer (N.A.), 16(40%)

respondents annual income was Rs. 1000 to 5000, while remaining 10(25%)

respondents annual income was Rs. 5001 to 10000.

In Mahemdabad taluka out of total 40 respondents 10 (25%) did not answer (N.A.),


annual income was Rs. 5001 to 10000, while remaining 1(2.5%) respondents annual

income was 10001 to 15000.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents 17(42.5%) did not answer (N.A.), 6(15%)

respondents annual income was Rs. 1000 to 5000, 16(40%) respondents annual

income was Rs. 5001 to 10000, while remaining 1(2.5%) respondents annual income

was 10001 to 15000.

Overall from 200 total respondents 70(35%) respondents did not answer (N.A.),


annual income was Rs. 5001 to 10000, 7(3.5%) respondents annual income was Rs.

10001 to 15000, 1(0.5) respondent's was Rs. 15001 to 25000, while remaining

1(0.5%) respondents annual income was above Rs. 25000. Hence it can be concluded

that most of the respondents annual income 69(34.5%) was Rs. 5001 to 10000 only

one respondent's income fell in the last group (i.e. more than Rs. 25000). So family

member's effort to go out side for earning could not be solved.

163

Q.11(1) Days having total (full) employment

Table-5.20

Days having (Full) Employment in Anand District

Taluka NA 30<80 81<150 151<225 226> Total

Borsad 0 36

90.0%

3

7.5%

1

2.5%

0

40

100.0%

Khambhat 0 4

10.0%

34

85.0%

2

5.0%

0 40

100.0%

Petlad 0 32

80.0%

8

20.0%

0 0 40

100.0%

Sojitra 0 39

97.5%

1

2.5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Umreth 16

40.0%

8

20.0%

12

30.%

3

7.5%

1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Total 16

8.0%

119

59.5%

58

29.0%

6

3%

1

0.5%

200

100%

Days having (Full) Employment in Anand District

0

0.5

1

1.5

NA 0 0 0 0 40.00%

30<80 90.00% 10.00% 80.00% 97.50% 20.00%

81<150 7.50% 85.00% 20.00% 2.50% 30.00%

151<225 2.50% 5.00% 0 0 7.50%

226> 0 0 0 0 2.50%


164

In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 36 (90%) respondents had 30 to 80 days

of full employment 3 (7.5%) respondents had 81 to 150 days of full employment

while only one (2.5%) respondent had 151 to 225 days of full employment.

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents, 4 (10%) respondents got 30 to 80

days employment 34(85%) respondents met 81 to 150 days full employment, while

2(5%) respondent got 151 to 225 days of full employment.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 32(80%) respondents got 30 to 80 days

full employment, while remaining 8 (20%) respondents got 81 to 125 days of full

employment.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents, 39(97.5%) respondents got 30 to 80 days

full employment while remaining 1(2.5%) respondent got 81 to 125 days of full

employment.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents, 16(40%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 8(20%) respondents got 30 to 80 days full employment, 12(30%) respondents

got 81 to 125 days of full employment, 3 (7.5%) respondents got 151 to 225 days full

employment while remaining one (2.5%) respondent met more than 226 days full

employment.

165

Table-5.21

Days having Full Employment in Kheda District

Taluka NA 30<80 81<150 151<225 226> Total

Kathlal 1

2.5%

39

97.5%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Mahudha 0 36

90%

2

5%

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Matar 0 40

100.0%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Mahemdavad 0 40

100.0%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Nadiad 1

2.5%

39

97.5%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Total 2

(1%)

194

(97%)

2

(1%)

1

(0.5%)

1

(0.5%)

200

(100%)

Days having Full Employment in Kheda District

2.50% 0 0 0 2.50%

97.50%90%

100.00% 100.00% 97.50%

0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0

5%

2.50%2.50%

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%

120.00%


NA 30<80 81<150 151<225 226>

166

In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents 1(2.5%) respondent did not answer

(N.A.), remaining 39(97.5%) respondents had 30 to 80 days full employment.

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents 36(90%) respondents had 30 to 80

days full employment, 2(5%) respondents had 81 to 150 days full employment

1(2.5%) respondent had 151 to 225 day full employment while remaining 1(2.5%)

respondent full employment for more than 225.

In Matar and Mahemdabad talukas all the 40 respondents in each taluka had 30 to 80

days full employment.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents 1(2.5%) respondent did not answer

(N.A.), remaining 39(97.5%) respondents had full employment of 30 to 80 days.

Over all 2(1%) respondents did not answer (N.A.), 194 (97%) respondents had full

employment 30 to 80 days, 2(1%) respondents had full employment for 81 to 150

days, 1(0.5%) respondent had full employment for 151 to 225 days while remaining

1(0.5%) respondent had full employment for more than 225 days. In this way majority

194 from 200(97%) respondents had only 30 to 80 days of full employment.

Comparing both the districts, the picture seems rather better in Anand district where

119 (59.5%) respondents had full employment for 30 to 80 days, 53(26.5%)

respondents had full employment for 81 to 150 days, 6(3%) respondents had full

employment 151 to 225 days while 1(0.5%) respondent full employment for more

than 225 days. Hence it can be said that employment opportunity is better in Anand

district than that of Kheda district.

167

Q.11(2) Days of Half employment

Table-5.22

Days of Half employment in Anand District

Taluka NA 30<80 81<150 151<225 226> Total

Borsad 0 36

90.0%

3

7.5%

1

2.5%

0

40

100.0%

Khambhat 5

12.5%

3

7.5%

27

67.5%

1

2.5%

4

10.0%

40

100.0%

Petlad 0 32

80.0%

8

20.0%

0 0 40

100.0%

Sojitra 0 38

95.0%

2

5.0%

0 0 40

100.0%

Umreth 17

42.5%

7

17.5%

12

30.0%

3

7.5%

1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Total 22

11.0%

116

58.0%

52

26.0%

5

2.5%

5

2.5%

200

100.0%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Borsad

Khambhat

Petlad

Sojitra

Umreth

Days of Half employment in

Anand District

226>

151<225

81<150

30<80

NA

168

In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 36(90%) respondents got 30 to 80 days

half employment, 3 (7.5%) respondents got 81 to 150 days half employment while

remaining one (2.5%) respondent got 151 to 225 days half employment.

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents, 5 (12.5%) respondents did not answer

(N.A) 3(7.5%) respondents got 30 to 80 days half employment, 27(67.5%)

respondents got 81 to 150 days half employment, one (3.2%) respondent got 151 to

225 days half employment, while remaining 4(10%) respondent got more then 220

days of half employment.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 32(80%) respondents got 30 to 80 days

half employment while remaining 8(20%) respondents got 81 to 150 days of half

employment.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents, 38 (95%) respondents got 30 to 80 days

half employment while remaining 2(5%) respondent got 81 to 150 days of half

employment.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents, 17(42.5%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 7(17.5%) respondents got 30 to 80 days half employment, 12(30%)

respondents got 81 to 150 days of half employment, 3 (7.5%) respondents got 151 to

225 days of half employment while remaining 1 (2.5%) respondent got more than

226 days of half employment.

169

Table-5.23

Days of Half employment Kheda District

Taluka NA 30<80 81<150 151<225 226> Total

Kathlal 1

2.5%

39

97.5%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Mahudha 0 35

87.5%

3

7.5%

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Matar 0 40

100.0%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Mahemdavad 0 40

100.0%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Nadiad 1

2.5%

39

97.5%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Total 2

1.0%

193

96.5%

3

1.5%

1

0.5%

1

0.5%

200

100.0%

Days of Half employment Kheda

District

0

0

0

97.50%

87.50%

100.00%

100.00%

97.50%

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2.50%

2.50%

7.50%2.50%2.50%

0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00% 80.00% 100.00% 120.00%

Kathlal

Mahudha

Matar

Mahemdavad

Nadiad

226>

151<225

81<150

30<80

NA

In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents, 1(2.5%) respondent did not answer (N.A.),

while remaining 39(97.5%) respondents got 30 to 80 days of half employment.

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents, 35(87.5%) got 30 to 80 days half

employment, 3 (7.5%) respondents got 81 to 150 days of half employment, 1(2.5%)

respondent got 151 to 225 days of half employment, while remaining one (2.5%)

respondent got more than 226 days of half employment.

In Matar taluka all the 40 (100%) respondents got 30 to 80 days half employment.

In Mahemdabad taluka also all the 40 (100%) respondent got 30 to 80 days half employment.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 1(2.5%) respondents did not answer (N.A.),

while remaining 39 (97.5%) respondents got 30 to 80 days of half employment.

170

Q.12 Total Annual Income

Table-5.24

Total Annual Income in Anand District

Taluka

NA

1500

<5000

5001

<20000

20001

<60000

60001

<90000 90001> Total

Borsad 0 0 40

100.0%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Khambha

t

4

10.0%

6

15.0%

30

75.0%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Petlad 0 2

5.0%

37

92.5%

1

2.5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Sojitra 0 1

2.5%

37

92.5%

0 0 2

5.0%

40

100.0%

Umreth 19

47.5%

1

2.5%

20

50.0%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Total 23

11.5%

10

5.0%

164

82.0%

1

0.5%

0 2

1.0%

200

100.0%

Total Annual Income in Anand District

0% 00

15.00%

100.00%92.50% 92.50%

0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0%0 0 0 0

47.50%

10.00%0

2.50%5.00% 2.50%

50.00%

75.00%

2.50%5.00%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%


NA 1500 <5000 5001 <2000020001 <60000 60001 <90000 90001>

171

In Borsad taluka all the 40 (100%) respondents had total income of Rs.5001 to

20000.

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents 4 (10%) respondent did not answer

(N.A.), 6(15%) respondents had annual income of Rs.1500 to 5000, and remaining

30(75%) respondents had annual income of Rs.5001 to 20000.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 2 (5%) respondents had total annual

income of Rs.1500 to 5000, 37 (92.5%) respondents' annual income was Rs.5001 to

20000 while remaining one (2.5%) respondent's annual income was Rs.20001 to

60000.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents, annual income of one (2.5%) respondent

was Rs.1500 to 5000, 37 (92.5%) respondents' annual income fell in the range of

Rs.5001 to 20000 while remaining two (5%) respondent's annual income fell in the

maximum income range i.e. more than Rs.90000.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents 19 (47.5%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 1(2.5%) respondents had total annual income of Rs.1500 to 5000, while

remaining 20(50%) respondents annual income was Rs.5001 to 20000.

172

Table-5.25

Total Income in Kheda District

Taluka 1500<5000 5001<20000 20001<60000 60001<90000 90001> Total

Kathlal 8

20.0%

31

77.5%

0 1

2.5%

0

40

100.0%

Mahudha 1

2.5%

38

95.0%

1

2.5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Matar 11

27.5%

29

72.5%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Mahemdavad 10

25.0%

30

75.0%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Nadiad 6

15.0%

34

85.0%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Total 36

18.0%

162

81.0%

1

0.5%

1

0.5

0

200

100.0%

Total Income in Kheda District

20.00%25.00%

77.50%

95.00%

0 0 00 0 00 0 0 0 0

15.00%2.50%

27.50%

85.00%

72.50%75.00%

0

2.50%2.50%

0

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%


1500<5000 5001<20000 20001<6000060001<90000 90001>

173

In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents 8 (20%) respondents' annual income fell

in the range of Rs.1500 to 5000, 31(77.5%) respondents were in Rs.5001 to 20000

range while annual income of remaining one (2.5%) respondent's annual income was

Rs.60001 to 90000.

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents, 1 (2.5%) respondent's annual income

was Rs.1500 to 5000, 38 (95%) respondents' annual income was Rs.5001 to 20000

while annual income of remaining 1(2.5%) respondent was among Rs.20001 to 60000

range.

In Matar taluka out of total 40 respondents, 11(27.5%) respondent's annual income

was Rs.1500 to 5000, while annual income of remaining 29 (72.5%) respondent was

Rs.5001 to Rs.20000.

In Mahemdabad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 10 (25%) respondent's annual

income fell in Rs.1500 to 5000 range, while annual income of remaining 30 (75%)

respondent was Rs.5001 to Rs.20000.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 6 (15%) respondent's annual income fell

in Rs.1500 to 5000 range, while annual income of remaining 34 (85%) respondents

was Rs.5001 to Rs.20000.

174

Q.13 No. of Literate family members

Table-5.26

No. of Literate family members in Anand District

Taluka 0 1 2 3 4 6 9 Total

Borsad 2

5.0%

7

17.5%

25

62.5%

5

12.5%

0 1

2.5%

0 40

100.0%

Khambha

t

6

15.0%

14

35.0%

13

32.5%

4

10.0%

3

7.5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Petlad 2

5.0%

8

20.0%

19

47.5%

9

22.5%

2

5.0%

0 0 40

100.0%

Sojitra 0 9

22.5%

21

52.5%

10

25.0%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Umreth 20

50.0%

2

5.0%

10

25.0%

3

7.5%

4

10.0%

0 1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Total 30

15.0

40

20.0%

88

44.0%

31

15.5%

9

4.5%

1

0.5%

1

0.5%

200

100.0%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%


No. of Literate family members in Anand

District

0 mem

1 mem

2 mem

3 mem

4 mem

6 mem

9 mem

mem = No. of Literate family members

175

In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 2 (5%) respondents had no literated

family members, 7 (17.5%) respondents had 1 literated family member, 25 (62.5%)

respondents had two literated family members, 5 (12.5%) respondents had three

literated family members while remaining 1 (2.5%) respondents had six literated

family members.

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents, 6 (15%) respondents had no literated

family members, 14 (35%) respondents had one literated family member, 13(32.5%)

respondents had two literated family members, 4 (10 %) respondents had three

literated family members while remaining 3 (7.5%) respondents had four literated

family members

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 2 (5%) respondents had no literated

family members, 8 (20%) respondents had one literated family member, 19(47.5%)

respondents had two literated family members, 9 (22.5 %) respondents had three

literated family members while remaining 2 (5%) respondents had four literated

family members.

In Sojitra taluka none respondent of sample was found, whose at least family member

literated, 9(22.5%) respondents had one family member was literated, 21 (52.5%)

respondents' two family members were literated, while 10(25%) respondents' three

family members were literated.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents, 20 (50%) respondents' families were

illiterated, 2(5%) respondents' one family member was literated,, 10(25%)

respondents' two family members were literated, 3(7.5%) respondents' three family

members were literated, 4(10%) respondents' four family members literated while

remaining 1(2.5%) respondent's nine family members were literated.

176

Table-5.27

No. of Literate family members in Kheda District

Taluka 0 1 2 3 4 6 9 Total

Kathlal 7

17.5%

14

35.0%

16

40.0%

3

7.5%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Mahudha 3

7.5%

12

30.0%

25

62.5%

0 0 0 0 40

100.0%

Matar 1

2.5%

7

17.5%

29

72.5%

3

7.5%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Mahemdavad 0 6

15.0%

28

70.0%

6

15.0%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Nadiad 6

15.0%

8

20.0%

24

60.0%

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Total 17

8.5%

47

23.5%

122

61.0%

13

6.5%

1

0.5%

0 0 200

100.0%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%


No. of Literate family members in Kheda

District

0 mem

1 mem

2 mem

3 mem

4 mem

6 mem

9 mem

mem = No. of Literate family members

177

In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents, 7 (17.5%) respondents were such that

their no family member was literated, 14(35%) respondent one family member was

literated, 16(40%) respondents' two family members literated, while remaining

3(7.5%) respondents' three family members literated.

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents, 3(7.5%) respondents had none

literated family members, 12 (30%) respondents' one family member was literated,

while remaining 25(62.5%) respondent's two family members were literated.

In Matar taluka out of total 40 respondents, 1(2.5%) respondent had no family

member literated, 7(17.5%) respondents' one family member literated, 29 (72.5%)

respondents, two family members literated, while remaining three (7.5%) respondents'

three family members literated.

In Mahemdabad taluka out of total 40 respondents, no respondent was found whose

atleast one family member was not illiterated, 6(15%) respondents' one family

member was literated, 28(70%) respondents' two family members literated, while

remaining 6(15%) respondents' three family members were literated.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 6 (15%) respondents' none family

members were literated, 8 (20%) respondents' one family member was literated,

24(60%) respondents' two family members were literated, one (2.5 %) respondent's

three family members were literated while remaining one (2.5%) respondent's four

family members were found literated.

Observing the total picture, is Umreth taluka, literacy rate of respondents was very

low. Only 20 (50%) respondents' family members were literated while 20 (50%) were

illiteraled. Total 30 out of total 200 (15%) in Anand district was illiterated, While

such figure for Kheda district was 17(8.5%)

In Anand district out of total 200 respondents, 40 (20%) respondents' one family

member literated, 88 (44%) respondents' two family members literated, 31 (15.5%)

respondent three family members literated, 9 (4.5%) respondents' four family

members were literated, 1(0.5%) respondents' six and 1 (0.5%) respondents' none

family member was literated.

In Kheda District out of total 200 respondents, 47(23.5%) respondents' one family

member literated, 122 (61%) respondents' two family members literated, 13(6.5%)

respondents' three family members literated. Only one (0.5%) respondent from

Nadiad whose four family members were literated.

178

Q.13(2) Annual Educational Expense For Sons

Table-5.28

Annual Educational Expense for Sons in Anand District

Taluka NA 50<500 501<2000 2001<3500 Total

Borsad 1

2.5%

24

60.0%

13

32.5%

2

5.0%

40

100.0%

Khambha

t

11

27.5

26

65.0%

3

7.5%

0 40

100.0%

Petlad 5

12.5%

25

62.5%

8

20.0%

2

5.0%

40

100.0%

Sojitra 2

5.0%

28

70.0%

2

5.0%

8

20.0%

40

100.0%

Umreth 25

62.5%

10

25.0%

5

12.5%

0 40

100.0%

Total 44

22.0%

113

56.5%

31

15.5%

12

6.0%

200

100.0%

Annual Educational Expense for Sons in Anand District

0.00%

500.00%

1000.00%

1500.00%

2000.00%

2500.00%

3000.00%


NA 50<500 501<2000 2001<3500

179

In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents 1 (2.5%) respondent did not answer

(N.A.), 24(60%) respondents spent Rs.50 to 500 for their sons' educational expense,

13 (32.5%) respondents' educational expense for their sons was Rs.501 to 2000

annually while remaining 2 (5%) respondents spent Rs.2001 to 3500 for their sons'

education.

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents 11 (27.5%) respondents did not

answer (N.A.), 26 (65%) respondents spent Rs.50 to 500 to meet the expense of their

sons' education, while remaining 3 (7.5%) respondents spent Rs.501 to 2000 annually

for their sons' education.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 5(12.5%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 25(62.5%) respondents spent Rs.50 to 500 annually for their son's educational

expense, 8 (20%) respondents' spent Rs.501 to 2000 for their son's educational

expense, while remaining 2 (5%) respondents' annual expense for their sons'

education was Rs.2001 to 3500.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents, 2 (5%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 28 (70%) respondents' education expense for their sons was Rs.50 to 500, 2

(5%) respondents' annual educational expense for their sons' was Rs.500 to 2000,

while remaining 8 (20%) respondents spent Rs.2001 to 3500 for their sons' education.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents, 25(62.5%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 10(25%) respondents' annual education expense for their sons was Rs.50 to

500, while remaining 5 (12.5%) respondents spent Rs.501 to 2000 for their sons'

education.

180

Table-5.29

Annual Educational Expense for Sons Kheda District

Taluka Na 50<500 501<2000 2001<3500 Total

Kathlal 1

(2.5%)

25

(62.5%)

13

(32.5%)

1

(2.5%)

40

(100%)

Mahudha 1

(2.5%)

28

(70.0%)

10

(25.0%)

1

(2.5%)

40

(100%)

Matar 1

(2.5%)

23

(57.5%)

15

(37.5%)

1

(2.5%)

40

(100%)

Mahemdabad 1

(2.5%)

24

(60%)

14

(35%)

1

(2.5%)

40

(100%)

Nadiad 1

(2.5%)

27

(67.5%)

11

(27.5%)

1

(2.5%)

40

(100%)

Total 5

(2.5%)

127

(63.5%)

63

(31.5%)

5

(2.5%)

200

(100.0%)

Annual Educational Expense for Sons Kheda District

2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50%

62.50%70%

57.50% 60%67.50%

25% 27.50%35%37.50%

32.50%

2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50% 2.50%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

Kathlal Mahudha Matar Mahemdabad Nadiad

Na 50<500 501<2000 2001<3500

181

In Kathlal tluka out of total 40 respondents, 1 (2.5%) respondent did not answer

(N.A.), 25 (62.5%) respondents spent Rs. 50 to 500 for their sons' education, 13

(32.5%) respondents spent Rs. 501 to 2000 while remaining 1 (2.5%) respondent

spent more that Rs. 2000 for their sons education.

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents 1 (2.5%) respondent did not answer

(N.A.), 28 (70%) spent Rs. 50 to 500, 10 (25%) respondents spent Rs. 501 to 2000

while remaining 1 (2.5%) respondents spent more than Rs. 2000 for his sons

educational expense.

In Matar taluka out of total 40 respondents 1 (2.5%) respondent did not anser, 23

(57.5%) respondents spent Rs. 50 to 500, 15 (37.5%) respondents spent Rs. 501 to

2000 while remaining 1 (2.5%) respondent more than Rs. 2000 for his sons'


In Mahemdabad taluka out of total 40 respondents 1 (2.5%) respondent did not anser

(N.A.) 24 (60%) respondents spent Rs. 50 to 500 for their sons's educational expense,

14 (35%) respondents spent Rs. 501 to 2000 while remaining one (2.5%) respondet

spent more than Rs. 2000 for his sons' educational expense.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 1 (2.5%) respondent did not answer

(N.A.) 27 (67.5%) respondents spent Rs. 50 to 500 for their sons' educational expense,

11 (27.5%) respondents spent Rs. 501 to 2000 while remaining one (2.5%)

respondent spent more than Rs. 2000 for his sons' educational expense.

In this way, we can easily conclude that majority (average 63%) spent Rs. 50 to 500

for their sons educational expense.

As a whole we can say that respondent's educational expense is very low and thus

their educational standard is also comparatively low.

182

Q.13(2) Annual Educational Expense for Daughter

Table-5.30

Annual Educational Expense for Daughter in Anand District

Taluka NA 10<150 151<300 301<600 601<1000 1001<1500 1500> Total

Borsad 10

25.0%

17

42.5%

11

27.5%

1

2.5%

0 1

2.5%

0 40

100.0%

Khambha

t

21

52.5%

17

42.5%

0 0 2

5.0%

0 0 40

100.0%

Petlad 11

27.5%

17

42.5%

9

22.5%

0 3

7.5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Sojitra 7

17.5%

21

52.5%

5

12.5%

1

2.5%

2

5.0%

4

10.0%

0 40

100.0%

Umreth 24

60.0%

7

17.5%

2

5.0%

0 1

2.5%

5

12.5%

1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Total 73

36.5

79

39.5%

27

13.5%

2

1.0%

8

4.0%

10

5.0

1

0.5%

200

100.0%

Annual Educational Expense for Daughter in Anand District

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

NA 10<150 151<300 301<600 601<1000 1001<1500 1500>

Borsad

Khambhat

Petlad

Sojitra

Umreth

In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents 10 (25%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 17(42.5%) respondents said that they spent Rs.10 to 150 for their daughter

educational expense, 11 (27.5%) respondent spent Rs.151 to 300 on their daughter

educational expense, 1 (2.5%) respondent spent Rs.301 to 600 while remaining one

(2.5%) respondent's educational expense was Rs.1001 to 1500.

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents 21 (52.5%) respondents did not

answer (N.A.), 17(42.5%) respondents' annual expense for their daughters' was Rs.10

to 150, while remaining 2(5%) respondents spent Rs.601 to 1000 annually for their

daughter education.

183

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 11(27.5%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 17(42.5%) respondents spent Rs.10 to 150 for their daughters' educational

expense, 9 (22.5%) respondents' educational expense for their daughters' was Rs.151

to 300, while remaining 3(7.5%) respondents' educational expense for their daughter

was Rs.601 to 1000.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents, 7(17.5%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 21 (52.5%) respondents spent Rs.10 to 150 for their daughters education

annually, 5(12.5%) respondents' educational expense for their daughters' was Rs.151

to 300, 1 (2.5%) respondents spent Rs.301 to 600 for their daughters' education, 2

(5%) respondents' education expense was Rs. 601 to 1000, while remaining 4 (10%)

respondents said that they spent Rs.1000 to 1500 for their daughters' education.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents, 24 (60%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 7 (17.5%) respondents' education expense for their daughters was Rs.10 to

150, 2(5%) respondents spent Rs.151 to 300 for their daughters' education, 1(2.5%)

respondents spent Rs.601 to 1000, 5(12.5%) respondents' spent Rs.1001 to 1500,

while remaining 1 (2.5%) respondents spent more than Rs.1500 for their daughters'

education.

This is the main root of our female illiteracy. Their daughters do domestic work or

they help their parents in farming work or they had to care their younger brothers or

sisters while their parents were at farm.

in Anand District 73 (36.5%) out of total 200 respondents did not answer, while

79(39.5%) respondents fell in Rs.10 to 150 expense range, 27(13.5%) spent Rs.151 to

300, only 2(1%) respondents spent 301 to 600, 8(4%) spent 601 to 1000, 10(5%)

spent Rs.1001 to 1500 and only one (0.5%) spent more than Rs.1500 for his

daughters' education. In this way one can say that respondents spent very little for

their daughters' educational expense.

184

Table-5.31

Annual Educational Expense for Daughter Kheda District

Taluka Na 10<150 151<

300

301<

600

601<

1000

1001<

1500

1500> Total

Kathlal 1

2.5%

36

90%

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Mahudha 1

2.5%

36

90%

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

0 0 40

100.0

Matar 1

2.5%

34

85%

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

3

7.5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Mahemdabad 1

2.5%

35

87.5%

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

2

5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Nadiad 1

2.5%

35

87.5%

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

1

2.5%

0 40

100.0%

Total 5

2.5%

176

88.0%

5

2.5%

5

2.5%

8

4.0%

1

0.5%

0 200

100.0%

Annual Educational Expense for Daughter Kheda District

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

Na 10<150 151< 300 301< 600 601< 1000 1001< 1500 1500>

Kathlal

Mahudha

Matar

Mahemdabad

Nadiad

185

In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents 1 (2.5%) respondent did not answer, 36

(90%) respondents spent Rs. 10 to 150 for their daughters educational expense, 1

(2.5%) spent Rs. 151 to 300, 1 (2.5%) spent Rs. 301 to 600, 1 (2.5%) Spent Rs. 601 to

1000 for his daughters educational expense.

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents 1 (2.5%) respondent did not answer

(N.A.) 36 (90%) respondents spent Rs. 10 to 150 for their daughters educational

expense,1(2.5%) respondent spent Rs.151 to 300, 1 (2.5%)respondent spent Rs.301 to

600 while remaining 1 (2.5%) respondent spent Rs. 601 to 1000 for his daughters


In Matar taluka out of total 40 respondents, 1 (2.5%) respondent did not answer

(N.A.), 36 (90%) respondents spends Rs. 10 to 150 for their daughters educational

expense, 1 (2.5%) spent Rs. 151 to 300, 1 (2.5%) spent Rs. 301 to 600 while

remaining 3 (7.5%) respondents spent Rs. 601 to 1000 for their daughters educational

expense.

In Mahamedabad taluka out of total 40 respondents 1 (2.5%) respondent did not

answer (N.A.), 35 (87.5%) respondents spent Rs. 10 to 150 for their daughters

educational expense, 1 (2.5%) respondent spent Rs. 151 to 300, 1 (2.5%) respondent

spent Rs. 301 to 600 while remaining 2 (5%) respondents spent Rs. 601 to 1000 for

their daughters educational expense.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 1 (2.5%) respondent did not answer

(N.A.) 35 (87.5%) respondents spent Rs. 10 to 150 for their daughters educational

expense, 1 (2.5%) respondent spent Rs. 151 to 300, 1 (2.5%) respondent spent Rs. 301

to 600, 1 (2.5%) respondent spent Rs. 601 to 1000 while remaining 1 (2.5%)

respondent spent Rs. 10001 to educational expense.

In this way we can conclude that majority of respondents were among Rs. 10 to 150

(88%)group.

Though education is free for girl students in Gujarat, this expense is very low and it

shows that parents did not take much care for their daughters' education.

186

Q.19 Whether respondents receive fertilizers/pesticides on subsidiary rate

Table-5.32

Receive fertilizers/pesticides on subsidiary rate in Anand District

Taluka No Yes Total

Borsad 25

62.5%

15

37.5%

40

100.0%

Khambhat 11

27.5%

29

72.5%

40

100.0%

Petlad 27

67.5%

13

32.5%

40

100.0%

Sojitra 10

25.0%

30

75.0%

40

100.0%

Umreth 25

62.5%

15

37.5%

40

100.0%

Total 98

49.0%

102

51.0%

200

100.0%

62.50%

37.50%

27.50%

72.50% 67.50%

32.50%25.00%

75.00%

62.50%

37.50%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%


Receive fertilizers/pesticides on subsidiary rate in Anand District

No

Yes

In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents 15 (37.5%) respondents said that they received

fertilizers/pesticides on subsidiary rates, while 25 (62.5%) respondents denied.

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents 29 (72.5%) respondents answers in

positive, while 11 (27.5%) in negative.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents only 13 (32.5%) respondents said

affirmatively that they received fertilizers/pesticides on subsidiary rates, while

27(67.5%) did not get fertilizers/ pesticides on subsidiary rates.

In Sojitra taluka out of 40 respondents 30 (75%) respondents received

fertilizers/pesticides on subsidiary rates, while 10 (25%)did not receive the same.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents 25(62.5%) did not receive any such

help while remaining 15(37.5%) respondents received such help.

187

Table-5.33

Receive fertilizer/ pesticides on subsidy rate in Kheda District

Taluka No Yes Total

Kathlal 40

100.0%

0 40

100.0%

Mahudha 39

97.5%

1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Matar 40

100.0%

0 40

100.0%

Mhemdavad 40

100.0%

0 40

100.0%

Nadiad 40

100.0%

0 40

100.0%

Total 199

99.5%

1

0.5%

200

100.0%

100.00%

0

97.50%

2.50%

100.00%

0

100.00%

0

100.00%

0

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%

Kathlal Mahudha Matar Mhemdavad Nadiad

Receive fertilizer/ pesticides on subsidy

rate in Kheda District

No

Yes

In Kathlal taluka 40, Matar 40 and Mahemdabad 40, Nadiad 40 and Mahudha 40

from 40 (Total 199 out of 200) respondents denied that did not receive any kind of

help while only one (0.5%) respondent received such kind of help. Hence as a whole

one can say that in Anand District 102 from 200 (approxi. 51%) met subsidiary help

while in Kheda district such kind arrangement was not made fruitfully. In Anand

District also only Khambhat and Sojitra taluka were rather satisfied while Borsad,

Petlad and Umreth were rather dissatisfied.

188

Q.20 whether any other help is received

Table-5.34

Other help is received in Anand District

Taluka No Yes Total

Borsad 21

52.5%

19

47.5%

40

100.0%

Khambhat 10

25.0%

30

75.0%

40

100.0%

Petlad 27

67.5%

13

32.5%

40

100.0%

Sojitra 10

25.0%

30

75.0%

40

100.0%

Umreth 20

50.0%

20

50.0%

40

100.0%

Total 88

44.0%

112

56.0%

200

100.0%

Other help is received in Anand District

52.50%47.50%

25.00%

75.00%

67.50%

32.50%

25.00%

75.00%

50.00% 50.00%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

No Yes

Borsad

Khambhat

Petlad

Sojitra

Umreth

In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents 21(52.5%) respondents said that they did

not get any kind of other help while 19(47.5%) said affirmatively.

In Kahmbhat taluka out of total 40 respondents, 30(75%) respondents got other help

from government machinery. While 10(25%) answered in negative.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents only 13(32.5%) received such help while

majority 27(67.5%) respondents shook their head despondently.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents 30(75%) respondents received other help

while 10(25.0%) respondents didn't.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents 20(50%) were positive, while 20(50%) negative.

189

Table-5.35

Other help is received in Kheda District

Taluka No Yes Total

Kathlal 30

75.0%

10

25.0%

40

100.0%

Mahuda 32

80.0%

8

20.0%

40

100.0%

Matar 34

85.0%

6

15.0%

40

100.0%

Mhemdavad 35

87.5%

5

12.5%

40

100.0%

Nadiad 39

97.5%

1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Total 170

85.0%

30

15.0%

200

100.0%

Other help is received in Kheda District

15.00%

2.50%

75.00%

25.00%

80.00%

20.00%

85.00%

87.50%

12.50%

97.50%

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%

120.00%

No Yes

Kathlal

Mahuda

Matar

Mhemdavad

Nadiad

In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents 10(25.0%) respondents said that they did

not get any kind of other help while 30(75.0%) said affirmatively.

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents, 8(20%) respondents got other help

from government machinery. While 32(80%) answered in negative.

In Matar taluka out of total 40 respondents only 6(15.0%) received such help while

majority 34(85.0%) respondents shook their head despondently.

In Mahemdavad taluka out of total 40 respondents 5(12.5%) respondents received

other help while 35(87.5%) respondents didn't.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondent 1(2.5%) were positive, while 39(97.5%)

respondents didn't.

190

Q.21 Whether any kind of bribe has to be given to get help

Table-5.36

Whether any kind of bribe has to be given to get help Anand District

Taluka No Yes Total

Borsad 39

97.5%

1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Khambhat 40

100.0%

0 40

100.0%

Petlad 40

100.0%

0 40

100.0%

Sojitra 39

97.5%

1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Umreth

40

100.0%

0 40

100.0%

Total 198

99.0%

2

1.0%

200

100.0%

Table-5.37

Whether any kind of bribe has to be given to get help Kheda District

Taluka NO YES Total

Kathlal 40

100.0%

0 40

100.0%

Mahudha 40

100.0%

0 40

100.0%

Matar 40

100.0%

0 40

100.0%

Mhemdavad 40

100.0%

0 40

100.0%

Nadiad 40

100.0%

0 40

100.0%

Total 200

100.0%

0 200

100.0%

Out of total 40 respondents from Borsad taluka and 40 respondents of Sojitra Taluka 1

respondent each had to give something in place of getting help from Government

machinery. In this way only two respondents from total 200 respondents of Anand

district had to give bribe to get help. 200 respondents of Kheda district denied that

there was no such kind of incidence or demand for bribe. In this way it is the positive

sign for our administration that poorer rural farmers are saved from giving bribe.

Only the red-tapism and laziness are the main causes of poor administration.

191

Q.22 Whether the resident-house is of own or rental

Table-5.38

Whether the resident-house is of own or rental in Anand District

Taluka NA Maliki Bhadu Total

Borsad 1

2.5%

24

60.0%

15

37.5%

40

100.0%

Khambhat 4

10.0%

18

45.0%

18

45.0%

40

100.0%

Petlad 1

2.5%

26

65.0%

13

32.5%

40

100.0%

Sojitra 0 20

50.0%

20

50.0%

40

100.0%

Umreth 18

45.0%

18

45.0%

4

10.0%

40

100.0%

Total 24

12.0%

106

53.0%

70

35.0%

200

100.0%

Whether any kind of bribe has to be given to get help

Anand District

2.50%

60.00%

37.50%

45.00% 45.00%

65.00%

32.50%

50.00%

10.00%2.50%

50.00%

0

10.00%

45.00%45.00%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

NA Maliki Bhadu

Borsad

Khambhat

Petlad

Sojitra

Umreth

In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents 1(2.5%) respondent did not answer

(N.A.), 24(60%) respondents had their own premises while 15(37.5%) lived in rental

houses.

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents 4(10%) respondent did not answer

(N.A.), 18 (45%) respondents had their own house while 18(45%) respondents lived

in rental houses.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents 1 (2.5%) respondent did not answer

(N.A.), 26(65%) respondents lived in their own house, while remaining 13(32.5%)

respondents lived in rental houses.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents 20 (50%) respondents lived in their own

house, while remaining 20 (50%) respondents lived in rental houses.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents, 18(45%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 18(45%) respondents lived in their own house, while remaining 4 (10%)


In this way 53% respondents of Anand district had their own house.

192

Table-5.39

Whether the resident-house is of own or rental in Kheda District

Taluka NA Maliki Bhadu Total

Kathlal 1

2.5%

33

82.5%

6

15.0%

40

100.0%

Mahudha 0 39

97.5%

1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Matar 0 40

100.0%

0 40

100.0%

Mhemdavad 0 39

97.5%

1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Nadiad 0 37

92.5%

3

7.5%

40

100.0%

Total 1

0.5%

188

94.0%

11

5.5%

200

100.0%

Whether the resident-house is of own or rental in

Kheda District

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%

120.00%

NA Maliki Bhadu

Kathlal

Mahudha

Matar

Mhemdavad

Nadiad

In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents, 1 (2.5%) respondent did not answer

(N.A.), 33(82.5%) respondents lived in their own house, while remaining 6 (15%)


In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents, 39(97.5%) respondents lived in their

own house, while remaining one (2.5%) respondents lived in rental houses.

In Matar taluka all the 40 (100%) respondents had their own houses.

In Mahemdabad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 39(97.5%) respondents lived in

their own house, while remaining one (2.5%) respondent lived in rental house.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 37 (92.5%) respondents lived in their

own houses, while remaining 3 (7.5%) respondents lived in rental houses.

In this way majority respondents (94% of Kheda district) had their own houses.

193

Q.22(4) Market value of House

Table-5.40

Market value of House in Anand District

Taluka <

5000

> 5000 and <

10000

> 10000 and

< 20000

> 20000 and <

50000 > 50000 Total

Borsad 13

32.5%

9

22.5%

1

2.5%

9

22.5%

8

20.0%

40

100.0%

Khambha

t

26

65.0%

4

10.0%

6

15.0%

4

10.0%

0 40

100.0%

Petlad 8

20.0%

24

60.0%

4

10.0%

3

7.5%

1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Sojitra 4

10.0%

9

22.5%

1

2.5%

10

25.0%

16

40.0%

40

100.0%

Umreth 16

40.0%

8

20.0%

2

5.0%

4

10.0%

10

25.0%

40

100.0%

Total 67

33.5%

54

27.0%

14

7.0%

30

15.0%

35

17.5%

200

100.0%

Market value of House in Anand District

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

< 5000 > 5000 and <

10000

> 10000 and <

20000

> 20000 and <

50000

> 50000

Borsad

Khambhat

Petlad

Sojitra

Umreth

194

In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents market value of 13 (32.5%) respondents'

houses was less than Rs.5000, 9 (22.5%) respondents' houses' market value was Rs.

5000 to 10000, market value of house of one (2.5%) respondent was Rs.10000 to

20000, market value of houses of 9 (22.5%) respondents was Rs.20000 to 50000

while market value of houses of remaining 8 (20%) respondents was more than Rs.

50000.

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents market value of houses of 26 (65%)

respondents was less than Rs.5000, 4 (10%) respondents houses’ market value was

Rs. 5000 to 10000, 6(15%) respondents houses’ market value was10000 to 20000,

4(10%.) respondents houses’ market value was 20000 to 50000.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents market value of houses of 8 (20%)

respondents was less than Rs.5000, market value of houses of 24 (60%) respondents

was Rs.5000 to 10000, market value of houses of 4(10%) respondents was 10000 to

20000, market value of houses of 3 (7.5%) respondents was Rs.20000 to 50000, while

1(2.5%) respondent lived in house valued more than Rs.50000.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents, market value of houses of 4 (10.0%)

respondents was less than Rs.5000, market value of houses of 9(22.5%) respondents

was Rs.5000 to 10000, market value of houses of one (2.5%) respondents was 10000

to 20000, market value of houses of 10 (25%) respondents was Rs.20000 to 50000,

while market value of houses of 16 (40%) respondents was more than Rs.50000.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents, market value of houses of 16 (40%)

respondents was less than Rs.5000, market value of houses of 8(20%) respondents

was Rs.5000 to 10000, market value of houses of 2(5%) respondents was Rs.10000 to

20000, market value of houses of remaining 4 (10%) respondent was Rs.20000 to

50000, while market value of remaining 10(25%) respondents was more than

Rs.50000.

195

Table-5.41

Market value of House Kheda District

Taluka

< 5000

> 5000 and

< 10000

> 10000

and <

20000

> 20000

and <

50000 > 50000 Total

Kathlal 1

2.5%

1

2.5%

14

35.0%

24

60.0%

0 40

100.0%

Mahudha 2

5.0%

2

5.0%

10

25.0%

26

65.0%

0 40

100.0%

Matar 0 1

2.5%

12

30.0%

27

67.5%

0 40

100.0%

Mahemdavad 2

5.0%

2

5.0%

16

40.0%

20

50.0%

0 40

100.0%

Nadiad 2

5.0%

1

2.5%

20

50.0%

16

40.0%

1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Total 7

3.5%

7

3.5%

72

36.0%

113

56.5%

1

0.5%

200

100.0%

Market value of House Kheda District

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

< 5000 > 5000 and <

10000

> 10000 and <

20000

> 20000 and <

50000

> 50000

Kathlal

Mahudha

Matar

Mahemdavad

Nadiad

In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents market value of 1 (2.5%) respondents’

house was less than Rs.5000, market value of one(2.5%) respondents houses was Rs.

5000 to 10000, market value of houses of 14 (35%) respondents' houses' market value

196

was Rs.10000 to 20000, while market value of house of remaining 24(60%)

respondents was Rs.20000 to 50000.

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents market value of 2(5%) respondent

house was less than Rs. 5000, market value of house of 2(5%) respondents was

Rs.5000 to 10000, market value of houses of 10 (25%) respondents was Rs.10000 to

20000, while market value of house of remaining 26 (65%) respondents was Rs.

20000 to 50000.

In Matar taluka out of total 40 respondents market value of one (2.5%) respondent

house was Rs. 5000 to 10000, market value of houses of 12 (30%) respondents was

Rs.10000 to 20000, while market value of houses of remaining 27 (67.5%)

respondents was Rs. 20000 to 50000.

In Mahemdabad taluka out of total 40 respondents market value of 2 (5%)

respondents houses was less than Rs.5000, market value of houses of 2(5%)

respondent house was Rs. 5000 to 10000, market value of houses of 16 (40%)

respondents was Rs.10000 to 20000, while market value of houses of remaining 20

(50%) respondents was Rs. 20000 to 50000.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents market value of 2 (5%) respondent house

was less than Rs. 5000, market value of houses of one (2.5%) respondent was Rs.5000

to 10000, market value of houses of 20 (50%) respondent was Rs. 10000 to 20000,

market value of houses of 16 (40%) respondent was Rs. 20000 to 50000 while market

value of house of remaining 1(2.5%) respondent was more than Rs. 50000.

Comparing to market value of respondents of both the districts it looks that

respondents of Khambhat and Umreth taluka are comparatively poorer than other

residents as average 73% respondetns lived in house valued less than Rs.5000, while

respondents of Borsad and Sojitra taluka are comparatively wealthier as average

30.5% respondents lived in house value more than Rs. 50000.

In Kheda district all the respondents (193 from 198) fell in middle range i.e. Rs.10000

to Rs.50000.

197

Q.22(5) Monthly Rent

Table-5.42

Monthly Rent in Anand District

Taluka NA 100<800 801<1600 1601> Total

Borsad 24

60.0%

15

37.5%

1

2.5%

0 40

100.0%

Khambhat 18

45.0%

22

55.0%

0 0 40

100.0%

Petlad 25

62.5%

14

35.0%

0 1

2.5%

40

100.0%

Sojitra 18

45.0%

21

52.5%

1

2.5%

0 40

100.0%

Umreth 35

87.5%

5

12.5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Total 120

60.0%

77

38.5%

2

1.0%

1

0.5%

200

100.0%

Monthly Rent in Anand District

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

NA 100<800 801<1600 1601>

Borsad

Khambhat

Petlad

Sojitra

Umreth

In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents 24 (60%) respondents did not answer (N.A.) as

they lived in their own house, 15 (37.5%) respondents were paying monthly rent of Rs.100

to 800, while remaining one (2.5%) respondent was paying Rs.801 to 1600 per month.

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents 18 (45%) respondents lived in their own

houses, while remaining 22 (55%) respondents were paying monthly rent of Rs.801 to 1600.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents 25 (62.5%) respondents did not answer (N.A.),

14(35%) respondents were paying monthly rent of Rs.100 to 800, while remaining

one(2.5%) respondent was paying monthly rent more than Rs.1600 per month.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents 18 (45%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 21 (52.5%) respondent were payining Rs.100 to 800 as monthly rent, while

remaining one(2.5%) respondents was paying Rs.801 to 1600 as monthly rent.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents 35 (87.5%) respondents did not answer (N.A.),

while remaining 5 (12.5%) respondents were paying Rs.100 to 800 as monthly rent.

198

Table-5.43

Monthly Rent in Kheda District

Taluka NA 100<800 801<1600 1601> Total

Kathlal 39

97.5%

1

2.5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Mahudha 40

100.0%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Matar 40

100.0%

0 0 0 40

100.0%

Mahemdavad 36

90.0%

4

10.0%

0 0 40

100.0%

Nadiad 35

87.5%

5

12.5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Total 190

95.0%

10

5.0%

0 0 200

100.0%


0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%

120.00%

NA 100<800 801<1600 1601>

Kathlal

Mahudha

Matar

Mahemdavad

Nadiad

In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents 39 (97.5%) respondents did not answer (N.A.),

while remaining one (2.5%) respondents was paying Rs.100 to 800 p.m. as montly rent.

In Mahudha taluka all 40 (100%) and in Matar taluka all 40(100%) respondents did

not answer (N.A.)

In Mahemdabad taluka out of total 40 respondents 36 (90%) respondents did not

answer (N.A.), while remaining 4(10%) respondents were paying Rs.100 to 800 p.m.

as monthly rent.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents 35 (87.5%) respondents did not answer (N.A.),

while remaining 5 (12.5%) respondents were paying Rs.100 to 800 p.m. as monthly rent.

Comparing both the districts, in Anand district one respondent from Borsad taluka and one

respondent from Sojitra taluka were giving Rs.801 to 1600 (1%) , while only one

respondent from Petlad taluka was paying monthly rent more than Rs.1600.(0.5%)

While in Kheda district 95% respondents did not answer (N.A.), while remaining

(5%) respondents were paying Rs.100 to 800 as monthly rent.

199

Table-5.44

Q.23 Whether any damage to house due to rain ? Whether any help is received.

Any damage to house due to rain ? Any help is received in Anand District

Taluka No Yes Total

Borsad 18

45.0%

22

55.0%

40

100.0%

Khambhat 5

12.5%

35

87.5%

40

100.0%

Petlad 11

27.5%

29

72.5%

40

100.0%

Sojitra 10

25.0%

30

75.0%

40

100.0%

Umreth 18

45.0%

22

55.0%

40

100.0%

Total 62

31.0%

138

69.0%

200

100.0%

In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 22 (55%) respondents said affirmatively,

while remaining 18(45%) respondents answered in negative.

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents, 35(87.5%) respondents said "yes",

while remaining 5 (12.5%) respondents said "no".

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 29 (72.5%) respondents answered

positive, while remaining 11(27.5%) respondents answered in negative.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents, 30 (75%) respondents answered

affirmatively that they received help for house damage, while remaining 10 (25%)

respondents denied.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents, 22(55%) respondents answered positive,

while remaining 18 (45%) respondents answered negative.

200

Table-5.45

Any damage to house due to rain ? Any help is received District Kheda District

Taluka No Yes Total

Kathlal 24

60.0%

16

40.0%

40

100.0%

Mahudha 30

75.0%

10

25.0%

40

100.0%

Matar 28

70.0%

12

30.0%

40

100.0%

Mhemdavad 30

75.0%

10

25.0%

40

100.0%

Nadiad 22

55.0%

18

45.0%

40

100.0%

Total 134

64.0%

66

33.0%

200

100.0%

In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents, 16 (40%) respondents said that they

received help for house damage during rainy season, while 24 (60%) respondents

answered in negative.

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents, only 10(25%) respondents answered

affirmatively, while remaining 30 (75%) respondents answered in negative.

In Matar taluka out of total 40 respondents, only 12 (30%) respondents answered

positively, while remaining 28 (70%) respondents aswered in "No".

In Mahemdabad taluka out of total 40 respondents, only 10 (25%) respondents

answered in "yes", while remaining 30 (75%) respondents answered in negative.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 18(45%) respondents answered

positively, while 22 (55%) respondents denied.

201

Table-5.46

Q.23(2) Under which programme do you get help for rainy damaged house

Which programme do you get help for rainy damaged house Anand District

Taluka No.

Indira

Awas

Yojana

Gramin

Garo Nu

Vistran

Total

Borsad 19

47.5%

21

52.5% 0

40

100.0%

Khambhat 5

12.5%

35

87.5% 0

40

100.0%

Petlad 12

30.0%

28

70.0% 0

40

100.0%

Sojitra 10

25.0%

30

75.0% 0

40

100.0%

Umreth 22

55.0%

18

45.0% 0

40

100.0%

Total 68

34.0%

132

66.0% 0

200

100.0%

In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 19 (47.5%) respondents said "no" while

remaining 21(52.5%) respondents answered that they received help under Indira

Awas Yojna.

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents, 5 (12.5%) respondents said "no"

while remaining 35 (87.5%) respondents answered that they received help under

Indira Awas Yojna.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 12 (30%) respondents said "no" while

remaining 28(70%) respondents answered that they received help under Indira Awas

Yojna.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents, 10 (25.0%) respondents answered "no"

while remaining 30 (75%) respondents answered that they received help under Indira

Awas Yojna.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents, 22 (55%) respondents answered "no"

while remaining 18(45%) respondents answered that they received help under Indira

Awas Yojna.

202

Table-5.47

Under which programme do you get help for rainy damaged house

Kheda District

Taluka No.

Indira

Awas

Yojana

Gramin

Garo Nu

Vistran

Total

Kathlal 24

60.0%

9

22.5%

7

17.5%

40

100.0%

Mahudha 33

82.5%

0 7

17.5%

40

100.0%

Matar 28

70.0%

5

12.5%

7

17.5%

40

100.0%

Mhemdavad 30

75.0%

8

20.0%

2

5.0%

40

100.0%

Nadiad 23

57.5%

5

12.5%

12

30.0%

40

100.0%

Total 138

69.0%

27

13.5%

35

17.5%

200

100.0%

In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents, 24(60%) respondents answered "no", 9

(22.5%) respondents received help under Indira Awas Yojna, while remaining

7(17.5%) respondents received help under "Gramin Gharo nu Vistaran" programme.

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents, 33 (82.5%) respondents answered

"no", while remaining 7(17.5%) respondents answered received help under "Gramin

Gharo nu Vistaran" programme.

In Matar taluka out of total 40 respondents, 28(70%) respondents answered "no", 5

(12.5%) respondents received help under Indira Awas Yojna, while remaining 7

(17.5%) respondents received help under "Gramin Gharo nu Vistaran" programme.

In Mahemdabad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 30 (75%) respondents answered

"no", 8 (20%) respondents received help under Indira Awas Yojna, while remaining

2(5%) respondents received help under "Gramin Gharo nu Vistaran" programme.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 23 (57.5%) respondents answered "no",

5 (12.5%) respondents received help under Indira Awas Yojna, while remaining 12

(30%) respondents said that they received help under "Gramin Gharo nu Vistaran"

programme.

203

Q. 24(1) Amount of Debt

Table-5.48

Amount of Debt in Anand District

Taluka NA 500<2000 2001<10000 10001<30000 30001<70000 70001> Total

Borsad 2

5.0%

2

5.0%

2

5.0%

23

57.5%

9

22.5%

2

5.0%

40

100.0%

Khambha

t

2

5.0%

2

5.0%

0 12

30.0%

15

37.5%

9

22.5%

40

100.0%

Petlad 0 0 1

2.5%

3

7.5%

23

57.5%

13

32.5%

40

100.0%

Sojitra 0 0 1

2.5%

5

12.5%

31

77.5%

3

7.5%

40

100.0%

Umreth 24

60.0%

0 4

10.0%

10

25.0%

2

5.0%

0 40

100.0%

Total 28

14.0%

4

2.0%

8

4.0%

53

26.5%

80

40.0%

27

13.5%

200

100.0%


0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%

120.00%

NA 100<800 801<1600 1601>

Kathlal

Mahudha

Matar

Mahemdavad

Nadiad

204

In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 2(5%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 2(5%) respondents had debt of Rs.500 to 2000, 2 (5%) respondents had debt

of Rs.2001 to 10000, 23 (57.5%) respondents had debt of Rs.10001 to 30000, 9

(22.5%) respondents had debt of Rs.30001 to 70000 while remaining 2(5%)

respondents had high debt of more than Rs.70001.

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents, 2(5%) respondents did not answer,

2(5%) respondents had debt of Rs.500 to 2000, 12 (30%) respondents had debt of

Rs.10001 to 30000, 15(37.5%) respondents had debt of Rs.30001 to 70000 while

remaining 9(22.5%) respondents had debt of more than Rs.70001.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 1 (2.5%) respondent had debt of Rs.2001

to 10000, 3 (7.5%) respondents had debt of Rs.10001 to 30000, 23 (57.5%)

respondents had debt of Rs.30001 to 70000 while remaining 13 (32.5%) respondents

had debt of more than Rs.70001.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents, 1 (2.5%) respondent had debt of Rs. 2001

to 10000, 5 (12.5%) respondents had debt of Rs.10001 to 30000, 31 (77.5%)

respondents had debt of Rs.30001 to 70000 while remaining 3 (7.5%) respondents had

high debt of more than Rs.70001.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents, 24(60%) respondents did not answer, 4

(10%) respondents had debt of Rs. 2001 to 10000, 10 (25%) respondents had debt of

Rs.10001 to 30000 while remaining 2 (5%) respondents had debt of Rs.30001 to

70000.

205

Table-5.49

Amount of Debt in Kheda District

Taluka NA 500<2000 2001<10000 10001<30000 30001<70000 70001> Total

Kathlal 22

55.0%

5

12.5%

7

17.5%

6

15.0%

0 0 40

100.0%

Mahudha 22

55.0%

1

2.5%

12

30.0%

5

12.5%

0 0 40

100.0%

Matar 22

55.0%

0 14

35.0%

4

10.0%

0 0 40

100.0%

Mahemdavad 26

65.0%

2

5.0%

6

15.0%

6

15.0%

0 0 40

100.0%

Nadiad 21

52.5%

3

7.5%

12

30.0%

4

10.0%

0 0 40

100.0%

Total 113

56.5%

11

5.5%

51

25.5%

25

12.5%

0 0 200

100.0%

Amount of Debt in Kheda District

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

NA 500<2000 2001<10000 10001<30000 30001<70000 70001>

Kathlal

Mahudha

Matar

Mahemdavad

Nadiad

206

In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents, 22 (55%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 5 (12.5%) respondents had debt of Rs. 500 to 2000, 7(17.5%) respondents had

debt of Rs. 2001 to 10000, while remaining 6 (15%) respondents had debt of

Rs.10001 to 30000.

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents, 22 (55%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 1(2.5%) respondent had debt of Rs. 500 to 2000, 12 (30%) respondents had

debt of Rs.2001 to 10000, while remaining 5 (12.5%) respondents had debt of

Rs.10001 to 30000.

In Matar taluka out of total 40 respondents, 22 (55%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 14(35%) respondents had debt of Rs. 2001 to 10000, while remaining 4 (10%)

respondents had debt of Rs.10001 to 30000.

In Mahemdabad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 26 (65%) respondents did not

answer (N.A.), 2(5%) respondents had debt of Rs. 500 to 2000, 6(15%) respondents

had debt of Rs. 2001 to 10000, while remaining 6 (15%) respondents had high debt of

Rs.10001 to 30000.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 21 (52.5%) respondents did not answer

(N.A.), 3 (7.5%) respondents had debt of Rs. 500 to 2000, 12 (30%) respondents had

debt of Rs. 2001 to 10000, while remaining 4 (10%) said that they had debt of

Rs.10001 to 30000.

Comparing the whole figure 141 respondents out of total 400 respondents (35.25%)

did not answer (N.A.), as they might not had any debt. while major group of

respondents 78(19.5%) fell in Rs.10001 to 30000, 23(57.5%) respondents in Petlad

taluka and 31 (77.5%) in Sojitra taluka were under debt of Rs.30001 to 70000. In

Petlad taluka 13 (32.5%) respondents had debt of more than Rs.70001. This figures

were significantly high i.e. respondents of Petlad and Sojitra taluka of Anand district

were under major debt.

207

Q.24(2) Rate of Interest

Table-5.50

Rate of Interest in Anand District

Taluka 0%

(No Debt) 1-15% 15-18% 18-24%

more than

24% Total

Borsad 2

5.0%

1

2.5%

25

62.5%

12

30.0% 0

40

100.0%

Khambhat 1

2.5% 0

14

35.0%

25

62.5% 0

40

100.0%

Petlad 0 0

21

52.5%

19

47.5% 0

40

100.0%

Sojitra 0 0

31

77.5%

9

22.5% 0

40

100.0%

Umerath 17

42.5%

1

2.5%

10

25.0%

12

30.0% 0

40

100.0%

Total 20

10.0%

2

1.0%

101

50.5%

77

38.5% 0

200

100.0%

Rate of Interest in Anand District

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

0% (No Debt) 1-15% 15-18% 18-24% more than 24%

Borsad

Khambhat

Petlad

Sojitra

Umerath

In Borsad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 2 (5%) respondents had 0% interest (or

no debt), 1(2.5%) respondent was paying 1 to 15% interest, 25 (62.5%) respondents

were paying 15 to 18% interest, while remaining 12 (30%) respondents were paying

18 to 24% interest.

208

In Khambhat taluka out of total 40 respondents, 1 (2.5%) respondent had 0% interest

(or no debt), 14 (35%) respondents were paying 15 to 18% interest, while remaining

25 (62.5%) respondents were paying 18 to 24% interest.

In Petlad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 21(52.5%) were paying 15 to 18%

interest, while remaining 19 (47.5%) respondents were paying 18 to 24% interest.

In Sojitra taluka out of total 40 respondents, 31 (77.5%) respondents were paying 15

to 18% interest, while remaining 9 (22.5%) respondents were paying 18 to 24%

interest.

In Umreth taluka out of total 40 respondents, 17(42.5%) respondents were paying 0%

interest, 1 (2.5%) respondent was paying 1 to 15% interest, 10 (25%) respondents

were paying 15 to 18% interest, while remaining 12 (30%) respondents were paying

18 to 24% interest.

209

Table-5.51

Rate of Interest in Kheda District

Taluka 0%

(No Debt) 1-15% 15-18% 18-24%

More then

24% Total

Kathlal 21

52.5%

0 0 0 19

47.5%

40

100.0%

Mahudha 23

57.5%

0 0 0 17

42.5%

40

100.0%

Matar 22

55.0%

0 0 0 18

45.0%

40

100.0%

Mhemdavad 26

65.0%

0 0 0 14

35.0%

40

100.0%

Nadiad 24

60.0%

0 0 0 16

40.0%

40

100.0%

Total 116

58.0%

0 0 0 84

42.0%

200

100.0%

Rate of Interest in Kheda District

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

0% (No Debt) 1-15% 15-18% 18-24% More than 24%

Kathlal Mahudha Matar Mhemdavad Nadiad

In Kathlal taluka out of total 40 respondents, 21 (52.5%) respondents had 0% interest

(or no debt), while remaining 19 (47.5%) respondents were paying more than 24%

interest.

In Mahudha taluka out of total 40 respondents, 23 (57.5%) respondents were paying

0% interest (or no debt), remaining 17 (42.5%) respondents were paying more than

24% interest.

210

In Matar taluka out of total 40 respondents, 22 (55%) respondents were paying 0%

interest (or no debt), remaining 18 (45%) respondents were paying more than 24%

interest.

In Mahemdabad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 26 (65%) respondents were

paying 0% interest (or no debt), remaining 14 (35%) respondents were paying more

than 24% interest.

In Nadiad taluka out of total 40 respondents, 24(60%) respondents were paying 0%

interest (or no debt), remaining 16 (40%) respondents were paying more than 24%

interest.

Comparing both the districts, overall 136 respondents from both the districts (from

400) (34%) respondents were not paying interest (or no debt).

It is very much significant that all the debtors of Kheda districts (84 from 200)

(average 42%) respondents were paying more than 24% interest. While not a single

respondents from Anand District was paying such a high rate of interest, Respondents

from Anand district fell in middle range interest i.e. 15 to 18% or 18 to 24%.

211

Findings from Survey

1. Education:

Level of education in respondents was very low. 14% respondents were illiterate,

20.5% had taken primary education, 60% secondary education and only 5.5% had

taken higher education.

In Kheda district 36% were illiterate, 50% had taken primary education, 13.5% had

taken secondary education and only 0.5% had taken higher education in this way

educational level was very low in sample respondent of both the districts.

2. Type of Family:

81% of respondents lived in joint families in Anand district while 97% families in

Kheda district. In this way it is a good thing that no urbanaziation effect is seen in

surveyed respondents.

3. Total no. of families:-

64% of the respondents families in Anand district and 88.5% families in Kheda

district had 5 to 10 members in their families.

4. Type of occupation:-

76.5% respondents in Anand district and 50% respondents in Kheda district lived on

farm labour.

5. Profession:-

32% respondents in Anand district and 77.5% respondents in Kheda districts had no

land nor any milking animals. They had no source of income. 12% respondents in

Kheda district lived on one milking cattle. In this way really rural people live on sky

(god). The picture was worst.

212

6. Involvement of women in main (principal) work:

It was seen that all respondents women worked with their husbands in farms form 1 to

8 hrs. (e.g. 36.96% women in Anand district and 54.5% women in Kheda worked

daily for 1 hr. in farm with their husbands).

7. Distance of occupation place

51.3% respondents in Anand and 72.0 % respondents in Kheda district had to travel 1

to 10 km. for their occupational destination.

8. Annual income of numbers who has gone outside

56.2% respondents of Anand district and 31.2% respondents in Kheda district had

annual income from Rs. 100 to 5000.

9. Days of full employment

71.4% respondents of Anand district and 97% respondents in Kheda district had 30 to

80 days of employment. In this way this is a very poor picture. People in rural area

could not get full employment even for 100 days.

10. Days of half employment

59.5% respondents in Anand district and 96.5% respondents in Kheda district had 30

to 80 days of half employment. In this way it can be seen that respondents could not

get even half employment for 30 to 80 days. They had problem from hand to mouth

for such days.

11. Total Annual Income:-

81.96% respondents in Anand district and 81% respondents in Kheda district had total

annual income form 5000 to 20000.

12. No f literature members in family members:-

15% respondents in Anand district and 8.5% respondents in Kheda district had no literate

family members. In this way, illiteracy is the main cause in rural areas for poverty.

213

13. Annual educational expense for sons.

56.5% respondents in Anand district and 63.18% respondents in Kheda district spent

Rs. 50 to 500 annually for their sons education.

14. Annual educational expense for their daughters.

39% respondents in Anand district and 87.89% respondents spent Rs. 10 to 150

annually for their daughters’ education. Female education is free in Gujarat even

though this picture shows that respondents spent very little for their daughters

education.

15. Whether respondents received fertilizers/pesticides on subsidiary rate.

41% respondents in Anand district and 99.5% respondents in Kheda district did not

receive fertilizers/ pesticides on subsidiary rate.

16. Whether any other help is received.

44.9% respondents in Anand district and 100% respondents in Kheda district did not

receive any help.

17. Whether any kind of bribe has to be given for getting help.

99% respondents in Anand district and 100% respondents of Kheda district said that

they had not given a single paisa as bribe to get help. This is a good sign.

18. Whether the resident house is own or rental

53.26% respondents in Anand district and 94% respondents in Kheda district had their

own house.

19. Market value of House

42.2% respondents in Anand district and 2.62% respondents in Kheda district had

market value of less than Rs. 5000.

20. Monthly rent

37.76% respondents in Anand district and 5% respondents in Kheda district had

monthly rent of Rs. 100 to 800 for their house.

214

21. Whether any damage to house due to rain?

69% respondents in Anand district and 46.5% respondents in Kheda District told that

their house was damaged due to rain.

22. Under which programme do you get help for rainy damaged house ?

66% respondents in Anand District said that they received help under Indira Awas

Yojna. While respondents in Kheda district 13.5% respondents received help from

Indira Awas Yojana while 17.5% respondents in Kheda district received help under

“Gramin Gharonu Vistaran."

23. Amount of debt

26.52% respondents had Rs. 10000 to 30000 while 40.5% respondents had Rs. 3000

to 70000 debt in Anand district. In Kheda district 12.5% respondents had debt of Rs.

10000 to 30000.

24. Rate of Interest:-

39% respondents in Anand district paid 18 to 24% interest. While in Kheda district

41.92% respondents paid more than 24% interest. In this way respondents in both the

districts were under major debt.

Suggestions from survey

1. Educational level of respondents in both the district should be increased.

Government machinery and N.G.O.s should see that this is the main cause of

poverty. And for poverty alleviation this is a foremost step.

2. Government machinery, banks, and other institutions should give them

subsidies and loan on very little rate so that they can purchase milking cattle,

land and get out form debt.

3. Rural employment should be increased. Even after many propaganda and ads.

the real picture is that they did not receive full or half employment even for

100 days. In remote and scarce area the picture is worst. Traveling and

215

transportation from their home to workplace should be cheaper and easier. So

that they can save their time, money and energy.

4. For literacy in their family members a multi dimensional programme should

be arranged so that rate of literacy in quality and dimension may increase.

5. Rural people should aware of for various educational programmes for their

sons and daughters.

6. Fertilizers and pesticides should be given at subsidiary rate and without any

kind of hazard.

7. Easy loan and subsidy should be given in case of damage of their house.

Beurocracy and redtapism are the main causes of not getting help to people.

Findings based on Hypotheses

Hypothesis - 1:-

Rural and urban poverty differ from each other in relation to different components

that form the vector of poverty.

y

100

90

80

70

60

50

40 Anand Districts Line

30

20 Kheda District Line

10

0 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 x

Lorenz curve showing poverty difference of Anand and Kheda district (Pl. refer Table

5.24 and 5.25)

216

Hypothesis – 2 :-

The rural poor have inadequate income and asset in comparison to urban poor.

Average 82% of respondents had annual average income (82%) was in the range

between 5000 to 20000 while that comparative percentage was 81%. In this was the

hypothesis is right but not significant. The difference is only of 1%.

Hypothesis-3 :-

Rural poor have also less occupational opportunities as compare to urban poor.

In Anand district (urban) average 27% respondents had full employment for 81 to 100

days while this percentage is very low (2%) in Kheda district. The difference (27-

2=25%) is significant.

Hypothesis – 4 :-

In Anand district (urban) average annual income was 5000 to 20000 of 82% respondents

while this figure was 81% in Kheda district Naturally, having less income decreases the

purchase of nutritional food. But, the difference is not significant (82-81=1%)

Hypotheses – 5 :-

The problem of shelter is very inadequate and is likely to be more acute in poor rural

society.

Market Value of House

Value Anand District Kheda District

< 50000 033.5% 003.5%

5000 to 10000 027.0% 003.5%

10000 to 20000 007.0% 036.0%

20000 to 50000 015.0% 056.5%

> 50000 017.5% 000.5%

Total 100.0% 100.0%

217

Comparing the picture of value of house of respondents, it seems that they live in

Kachcha house. In Kheda district only average 0.52 respondents had house of value of

more than Rs. 50,000

Hence the hypothesis is valid at 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance.

Hypothesis-6:-

The rural poor tend to be less educated than those of urban poor.

Urban Poor

(Anand District)

Rural Poor

(Kheda District)

Illiterate 14.0% 36.0%

Primary 20.5% 50.0%

Secondary 60.0% 13.5%

Higher secondary 05.5% 00.5%

The picture clearly shows the difference of the level of education between the

urban and rural poor.

Hence the hypothesis is valid at 01 and 05 level of significance.

Hypothesis-7

The nuclear family is likely to be prevalent norm of the urban poor while joint

families of the rural poor.

Urban Poor

Anand District

Rural Poor

Kheda District

No. of joint families 81% 97%

The hypothesis is valid but not so significant.

218

Hypothesis – 8 :-

Urban poor are more likely to be oriented towards modern values than the rural poor.

Social component was not considered and tested but even though it can be said the

income and educational level of urban poor (Anand district) is high than that of rural

poor (Kheda district). So naturally, urban poor may be likely oriented towards modern

values than that of rural poor.

Hypothesis – 9 :-

The urban poor are more benefited from poverty alleviation programme than that of

rural poor.

Help received

Urban poor

(Anand District)

Rural Poor

(Kheda District)

56% 15%

Fertilizers/ Pesticides

51% 0.5%

From the above picture it is clearly seen that urban poor are more benefited

both in cash and kind than that of rural poor.

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