chapter 4 sections 3-5 the middle and new kingdoms
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 4 Sections 3-5
The Middle and New Kingdoms
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Vocabulary 4.3
• Middle Kingdom – Period of peace brought on by pharaohs after government officials became jealous and took power away from the pharaohs, started around 2100 BC and ended in 1786 BC
• Hyksos – people from western Asia that invaded Egypt ending the Middle Kingdom
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• Ahmose – Egyptian prince who drove the Hyksos out of Egypt
Vocabulary 4.4 • New Kingdom – Began around 1550 BC when Ahmose
drove the Hyksos out of Egypt; time of great riches and expansion for Egypt
• Thutmose III – Pharaoh who extended the Egyptian empire into Syria and Palestine
• Hatshepsut – Pharaoh who set up extensive trade system and built elaborate temples through out Egypt
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• Ebony – Trees found in Egypt that produce a black lumber
• Incense – materials that are burnt to produce scented smoke
• Thebes – Capital of Egypt during the New Kingdom
• Hieroglyphic – a type of writing that uses pictures to stand for words or sounds
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• Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton) – Pharaoh that came to power in 1370 BC, Shut down the traditional temples and Egypt and replaced them with his own
• Tutankhamen (King Tut) – took power at age 9, closed down the temples of Akhenaton and restored Egypt to following Amon-Re, became the most famous of the Pharaohs after his tomb and treasures were discovered in 1922
• Assyrians – group of people that took over Egypt in 671 BC
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4.5 Vocabulary
• Papyrus – Egyptian paper made of reeds
• Survey – To measure land
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1. Where were the Pharaohs buried during the Middle Kingdom? What does this show?
• In the sides of cliffs instead of the Pyramids
• This shows a loss of power
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2. How did the Hyksos defeat the Egyptians?
• The Hyksos had horse drawn carriages and weapons that were made of bronze and iron
• The Egyptians traveled on foot and used weapons made of copper and stone
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3. What happened to Egypt during the New Kingdom?
• The Pharaohs of this time period expanded Egypt’s boarders and the Egyptian Empire became very wealthy and powerful
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4. Where did Hatshepsut send traders? What did they trade and what did they bring back?
• She sent traders out along the African Coast into the land called, Punt
• They took beads and metal tools and traded them for ebony, incense, monkeys, furs, and hunting dogs
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5. What was the new god the Egyptians began to worship during the New Kingdom?
• A combination between the God of Thebes (Amon) and the Sun God (Re)
• Amon-Re
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6. Other than worship what did the Egyptians use temples for during the New Kingdom?
• They were used and industrial centers for sculptors and artisans
• This is also where the schools for young men who were training to be scribes were located
• The temples also served as a treasury, a place were the counties valuables were stored
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7. How could a boy become a scribe?
• Only if his father was a scribe could a boy go to school to become a scribe
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8. What did scribes do?
• Wrote religious works• Kept records for the Pharaoh• Copied fairytales and stories• Wrote down medical prescriptions
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9. How did scribes make hieroglyphics usable?
• They developed a style of writing where the pictures were rounded off and connected making it easier to read and understand
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10. What was the name of the god Amenhotep IV replaced Amon-Re with? What did he change his name to?
• Aton
• He changed his name to Akhenaton, which meant Spirit of Aton
• Only certain members of his family and close advisors ever accepted his religion
• When his son-in-law, Tutankhamen took power he returned Egypt’s religion to that of worshiping
Amon-Re
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Amenhotep IV
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11. Why did Egypt lose its power?
• There was a struggle between the priests and the Pharaohs which weakened their leadership
• The money that was needed to keep fighting wars to keep neighboring countries under Egyptian control was making Egypt broke
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12. Who took over Egypt in 671 BC, ending the great Egyptian Empires?
• Assyrians
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13. What were some uses of papyrus, other than paper?
• Baskets• Sandals• Rafts• Columns for houses
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14. What was the Egyptian number system based on?
• 10
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15. How did the Egyptians make their calendar? Describe their calendar.
• They based it on the flooding cycles of the Nile
• They had 3 seasons with 120 says in each
• They also had 5 main feast days to honor their gods
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16. In medicine what materials were the Egyptians the first to use?
• They were the first to use splints, bandages, and compresses
• They were very good at stitching wounds and setting broken bones
• The Egyptians were the first culture to explore medicine and to try and make improvements and repairs to the human body
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17. What were the Egyptians using to treat indigestion and hair loss?
• Indigestion = Castor Oil
• Hair Loss = Dog Toes, Dates, Donkey Hoof
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Egypt: Engineering an Empire CD-Rom Lesson Plan Set with DVD
• History Channel