chapter – 4 land use pattern, biological environment and...

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CHAPTER – 4

LAND USE PATTERN, BIOLOGICAL

ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIO‐ECONOMIC

ENVIRONMENT

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CHAPTER – 4 ___________________________________________________________________________ LAND USE PATTERN, BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIO‐ECONOMIC

ENVIRONMENT 4.1 Land Use Pattern Land use, in general, reflects the human beings activities on land, whereas the word land cover indicates the vegetation, agricultural and artificial manmade structures covering the land surfaces. Identification and periodic surveillance of land uses and vegetation covers, in the vicinity of any developmental activity is one of the most important components for an environmental impact assessment, which would help determine the impact of the project development activity on the land use pattern. 4.1.1 Method of Data Preparation The land use / land cover has been presented in the form of a map prepared by using IRS P6 LISS‐III (23‐JAN‐2008) and procured from the National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad. The satellite data has been processed using ERDAS Imagine software supported with ground checks and ground truth verification. Area and distance calculations have been carried out using GIS software after geo‐referencing the interpreted data with the help of Survey of India (SoI) topographical maps of the scale 1:50,000. A map depicting major land use/ land cover classes comprising lands under agriculture, fallow land, open/degraded vegetation; lands falling under water bodies, marshes and sand beds, open/rocky lands and lands under inhabitations is presented as Figure – 4.1. 4.1.2 Areas under Different Land use The land use classification within the study area of 10 km radius around the project site is as per the following:

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0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

Area %

Water Body

Open/Barren Land

Agriculture Land

Fallow Land

Open/Degraded Vegetation

Plantation/Orchards

River & Canal

Settlement & Habitation

Industrial Area

Miscellaneous

River Bed

Table: 4.1 Areas under Different Land use

Area Statistics of Landuse / Landcover Map

Sl.No. Class Names Area (In

Hectares)Area (In Sq.Km.) Area %

1 Water Body 102.13 1.02 0.332 Open / Barren Land 1171.69 11.72 3.733 Agriculture Land 9706.81 97.07 30.924 Fallow Land 17891.81 178.92 56.995 Open / Degraded Vegetation 1696.81 16.97 5.406 Plantation / Orchards 115.81 1.16 0.377 River & Canal 220.69 2.21 0.708 Settlement & Habitation 375.56 3.76 1.209 Industrial Area 9.31 0.09 0.03

10 Miscellaneous 105.75 1.06 0.3411 River Bed 0.94 0.01 0.00

Total 31397.31 313.97 100.00

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Figure‐4.1 Landuse Landcover Map

Source: Environmental Information Centre, New Delhi

Agriculture Land

Open / Barren Land

Grass Land

Fallow Land

Open / Degraded Vegetation

Plantation / Orchards

River & Canal


Industrial Area

Miscellaneous

River Bed

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Figure‐4.2 Landuse Landcover Map with Village Locations


Agriculture Land

Open / Barren Land

Grass Land

Fallow Land

Open / Degraded Vegetation

Plantation / Orchards

River & Canal


Industrial Area

Miscellaneous

River Bed

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4.2 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Bharuch is located approximately 70 km from Vadodara, on the banks of river Narmada, and is often referred to as Kanam Pradesh – Land of Black Soil, due to its black cotton soil. However, it is this rich quality of this soil that has made Bharuch one of the leading cultivators and exporters of cotton in the country today. This fact also adds up to the ecological diversity of the district. This very old town was mentioned in historical records nearly 2000 years ago. In the 17th century, English and Dutch factories were established here. On the riverbank, outside the city to the east, is the Temple of Bhrigu Rishi, from which probably the city took its name, Bhrigu‐ka‐chba, later shortened to Bharuch. Rodgers and Pawan (1988) have classified India based on its biogeography (distribution and affinities of flora and fauna) into 10 distinct bio‐geographic zones and further into 26 biotic provinces. According to this, Gujarat has representation of four bio‐geographic zones and five biotic provinces. Ankleshwar taluka of Bharuch district falls under Zone 5 ‐ the Western Ghats: Province 5A ‐ Malabar Coast, central alluvial plains of Gujarat mainland. The location map is shown below.

4.2.1 PHYSIOGRAPHY

The region provides a combination of most of the geo‐environmental features for the development of favorable ecosystems. The alluvial sediments and reasonable water resources have provided impetus towards developing human induced ecosystems of agricultural cropping agro‐forestry and horticulture. The elevation range of the region is about 20 m showing a very gentle flat gradient of 1:800 to 1:1000. The region shows more or less a flat topography with a series of sections cut by deeply incised channels of rivers flowing across the region. The riverbanks are generally marked by levee deposits, creating a ridge type banks with higher elevations than the general ground level. The flat topography is dotted by low height sandy mounds of stabilized dunes. Formation of ravine landscape is quite common on most of the riverbanks due to deep gully erosion. The rivers are prone to heavy floods and land erosion.

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4.2.2 FOREST

Bharuch area is characterized by tropical dry deciduous forests. The total forest area of district is 1449.68 sq.km. That accounts for 0.73 % of the total geographical area of the district. (Source: Forest Department, Government of Gujarat).

4.2.3 Flora

Some of the flora found in area is listed below: Table ‐ 4.2 List of Flora

Sr. No. Scientific Name

Common Name Family

I Trees 1 Acacia aurriculifarmis Bangali Babool Mimoceae 2 A. leucopholia Aniar Mimoceae 3 A. catechu Khair Mimoceae 4 A. ferrungula Pandhara Khair Mimoceae 5 A. nilotica Babul Leguminoceae 6 A. lebbeck Siris Leguminoceae 7 A. procera Siris Leguminoceae 8 A. polycantha Garad Mimoceae 9 Adina cordifolia Hed Rubiaceae

10 Aegle marmelos Bela Rutaceae 11 Ailanthus excelsa Maharukh Simaroubaceae 12 Alangium salvifolium Ankol Alangiaceas 13 Albizia odoratissimus Siris Leguminoceae 14 Annogeissus latifolia Dhavda Combritaceae 15 Annona squamosa Sitafal Annonaceae 16 Azardirachta indica Nim Moraceae 17 Bahuania purpurea Kachamar Leguminosae 18 Bombax ceiba Semal Verbenaceae 19 Bridelia retusa Asta (Kathmohli) Leguminosae 20 B. squamosa Asan Leguminoceae 21 Buchanania lanzan Charoli Anacardiaceas 22 Butea monospesma Palas Leguminoceae 23 Callistemon lancealatus Bottlebrush Mytraceas 24 Casuarina equisetifoier Sura Casuarineae 25 Careya arborea Kumbh Mytraceae 26 Casearia elliptica Manjo Symydaceae 27 Caesearia graveoiens Dedak manio Samidacea 28 Cassia fistula Sunari Leguminoceae 29 Cestrum noctusnum Ralkirani Solana ceae 30 Cochiospermum religiosun Ganeri Cochlospermaceds 31 Cocas nicifera Nariyal Palmeae 32 Cordia dichotoma Gundi Boranginacea

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33 Dalbergia paniculata Dhobin Leguminoceae 34 D. latifolia Sisso Leguminoceae 35 Murraya koenigii Karlilimb Rata ceae 36 Ixora parviflora Kara Rubiaceae 37 I. nigricans Kukeri Rubiaceae 38 Delonix elala Gulmohar Leguminoceae 39 Diosphyros melanoxylon Tendu Ebenaceae 40 Dolichandrone falcate Mallar sing Bignoniaceae 41 Elaeodendron roxburghii Alinar Ceiastracea 42 Eucalyptus globules Safeda Eucalyptaceae 43 Emblica officinalis Aonla Euphobiaceae 44 Erithina uliginosa Pungara Leguminoceae 45 Eramphis uliginosa Almi Rubiaceas 46 Ficus. Religiosa Pipal Moraceae 47 F. rumphii Pilari Moraceae 48 F. benghalensis Bara Moraceae 49 Flacourtia indica Rankdi Bixaceae 50 Garua pinnata Kakad Burseraceae 51 Griwia teliaefolia Dhaman Tiliaceae 52 Haidwickia bipinnata Aniar Caesalpiniacea 53 Holoptelia intigrifolia Valva Uticaceae 54 Kydia calycina Bhindi Malvaceae 55 Lagerstroemia lanceolata Nano Leguminoceae 56 L. parviflora Sidha Leguminoceae 57 Michellia champaca Champa Bignoneaceae 58 Lannea caromadalica Modad Anacardiaceae 59 Madhuca indica Mahua Sapotaceae 60 Mangifera indica Amm Anacardiaceae 61 Miliusa tomentosa Gulambh Annonacea 62 Milligntonia hortensis Indian Coral Tree Bignoniaceae 63 Mitragyna parvifolia Kalam Rubiaceae 64 Michelia Champaca Champa Magnoliaceae 65 Moringa oliefera Shevga Moringaceae 66 Musa paradisiacea Kela Musaceae 67 Oroxyium indicum Tetu Bignoniaceae 68 Phoenix sylvestris Shindi Palminae 69 Prosopis juliflora Babul Mimoceae 70 P. cinerarea Babul Mimoceae 71 Pithecelobium ducle Chisbalai Leguminoceae 72 Pongamia pinnata Karanja Leguminoceae 73 Pisidium guajava Guava Mutraceae 74 Pterocarpus marsupium Bija Leguminoceae 75 Punica grantalum Anar Pomegrannatae 76 Sapindus emerginatus Aritha Sapindaceae 77 Soymida febrifuga Rohan Meliaceae 78 Poleathia langifolia Ashok Apoctnaceae 79 Saraca indica Ashok Apoctnaceae 80 Thevetia neirifolia Pilakanton Apoctnaceae 81 Sterculia urens Kodaya Sterculiaceae

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82 Syzygium cuminii Jamun Myrtaceae 83 Terminalia crenulata Sadad Leguminoceae 84 T. bellirica Behada Combretaceae 85 T. arjuna Arjun Combretaceae 86 T. caltapa Jangli badam Combretaceae 87 Tamarindus indica Tentuli Leguminoceae 88 Tecoma stans Nellow bell Bisgnonia ceae 89 Tectona grandis Sag Verbanaceae 90 Trema orientalis Gol Ulmaceae 91 Wrightia tinctoria Kudo Apocynacea 92 Zizyphus xylocarpus Ghatbor Rhamnaceae 93 Z. mauritiana Bordi Rhamnaceae

Shrubs 1 ARGEMONE MEXICANA Darudi Papaveraceae 2 CARANTHUS RESUS Sudufuli Apocyanaceae 3 C. CALATROPIS Mundar Asclepiadaceae 4 CALATOPIS GIGANTEAN Rui Asclepiadaceae 5 CARRISSA CARANDAS Karvand Apocyaninnae 6 CLERODENDRUM

MULTYFOLIUM Multaiforum Verbenaeae

7 GYMNOSPORIA SPINOSA Spinosa Rekii Leguminoceae 8 LANTANA CAMERA Ghaneri Verbanaceae 9 OPUNTIA DILLENII Nivdang Cactacealea

10 EUPHORBIA NERIFOLIA Wavding Celastraceae 11 OCIUM GRATISSIUM Rantulro Labiateae 12 HELICTERIES ISORA Atai Sterculiaceae 13 FICUS HISPIDA Tet umaro Moraceae 14 DATURA FASTUASA Dhotara Solanaceae 15 VITEX NEGUNDO Nirgudi Verbaceae 16 CASSIA TORA Tarota Leguminoceae 17 ZIZYPHUS NUMMULARIA Beri Rhannaceae 18 EUPHORBIA TIRUCOLLI Thor Euphorbiaceae

Bamboos 1 DENDROCALAMUS STRICTUS Manvel Grammineae 2 ABRUS PRECATORIUS Gunj Leguminoceae 3 CAPPARIS SEPIRARIA Lamtjar Cappariaceae 4 COCCULUS HIRRUTUS Asanwel Menispermaceae 5 COMBRETUM OVALIFOLIUM Jal Combratae 6 CAYRATIA CARNOSA Khatumbo Vitaceae Grasses

1 ANDROPOGON PUMILUS Kusal Gramineae 2 CENCHRUS SETGERUS Dhramnu Gramineae 3 CYNODON DACTYLON Durva Gramineae 4 CYMBOPOGEN MARINIL Rosha Gramineae 5 HETEROPOGON CONTORTUS Gawat Gramineae 6 SORGHUM HALEPENSE Baru Gramineae 7 THEMEDA TRIANDRA Bhathdu Gramineae Crops

1 RICINUS COMMUNIS Arand Euphorbiaceae

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2 SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM Ganna Gramineae 3 SORGHUM VULGAE Jowar Gramineae 4 ZEA MAYS Makea Gramineae 5 ARACHIS HYPOGAEA Ground nut Logumin 6 ORYZA SATIVA Chawar Gramineae Macrophytes

1 EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES Jalkumbhi Pontederiace 2 IPOMEA AQUALICA Kalmisay Volvulaceae 3 TRAPA LATIFOLIA Water chestnual Volvulaceae 4 NELUMBO NUCIFERA Lotus Nymphaceae 5 AZOLLA PINNATA Common duckweed Lemnaceae 6 MUNTIACUS MUNTJAK Barking deer Bovidae 7 FALIS CHAUS Jungle cat Falidae8 MYAENA HYAENA The striped hyana Canidae 9 PRESBYTIS ENTELLUS Hanuman langur Colobinae

Source: Vegetation survey and data from State Forest Dept. Bharuch Gujarat 4.2.4 Fauna

TABLE ‐ 4.3 LIST OF FAUNA Sr.

No. Scientific Name

Common Name Family

1 Acridothers tristis Common myna Sturnidae 2 A. ginginianus Bank myna Sturnidae 3 Athene brama Spotted owlet Striginae 4 Aegithina tiphia Common lora Lrenidae 5 Ardeola grayee Pond Heron Ardeidae 6 Amaurornis phoenicurus Whitebrested Waterhen Phasinidae 7 Babulcus ibis Cattle Egret Ardeidae 8 Centropus cinensis Crow‐phesant Cuculidae 9 Columba livia Blue Rock Pigeon Columidae

10 Corvus splendens House Crow Carvidae 11 Coracious benghalensis Indian Roller Coracidae 12 Dicrurus adsimilis Black Drongo Dieruridae 13 Dinophum benghalense Goldenbacked Woodpecker Picidae 14 Eudynamys scolopacea Koel Cuculidae 15 Fracolinus francollinus Black partiridge Pharianidae 16 Halcyon rustica Whitebrested Kingfisher Aicenidae 17 Hirundo rustica Common swallow Hirundinidae 18 Lanius exubitor Grey Shrike Daniidae 19 Launchura malabarica Whitethroated munia Estrildinae 20 Megalaima rubricapilla Smallgreen barbet Capilonidae 21 M. malabarica Crimsonbrestwd Barbet Capilonidae 22 Merops orientalis Littlegreen Bea‐eater Miropidae 23 Milvus migrans Patih Kite Accipitridae 24 Motacilla maderatensis Large pied wagtail Motacillidae 25 Nactarinia asiatica Purplerumpled sunbird Nectarinidae

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26 Nectarinia minima Small sunbird Nectarinidae 27 Oriolus oriolus Golden Oriole Oriolidae 28 Orthotomus sutorius Tailor Bird Pachycephaline 29 Passer domesticus House Sparrow Passerinae 30 Psittacula cyanocephala Blossamheaded parakeet Psittacidae 31 Pycnonotus caffer Redvented bulbul Pycnonotidae 32 Ploceus philipinensis Weaver bird Plocidae 33 Sexicoloides fulicate Indian Robin Corvidae 34 Sopsychus saularis Magpie Robin Corvidae 35 Streptopelia chinensis Spotted dove Columbidae 36 S. senegalensis Little brown dove Columbidae 37 Sternus pagodramus Brahiminy myna Sternidae 38 Turdoides caudatus Common Babbler Muscicapidae 39 Upupa epops Hoopoe Upupidae 40 Vanellus indicus Redwattled Lapwing Jacanidae 41 Metopidius indicus Brongewinged jacana Jacanidae 42 Ardea alba Large egrd Ardeidae 43 A. cinerea Grey Heron Ardeidae 44 Falica atra Coot Rallidae 45 Phalacrocorax niger Little cormorant Phalacrocoracidae

Source: Survey of Avifauna under the study area. 4.3 SOCIO ‐ ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

An assessment of socio‐economic environment forms an integral part of an EIA study. Therefore, baseline information for the same was collected during the study period. The baseline socio‐economic data collected for the study region, before the proposed expansion is operational, has been identified for the four major indicators viz. demography, civic amenities, economy and social culture. The baseline status of the above indicators is compiled in forthcoming sections. 4.3.1 Settlements and Demographic Pattern

The demographic data for villages in area of interest has been provided as Table 4.4. The data is provided for population, literacy, SC/ST and occupation pattern for villages. Also data for Bharuch District &Vagra Taluka has been provided. 4.3.1.1 Demographic Data within the Region of Interest

The population details (i.e. population distribution and population density) of the Taluka Vagra and District Bharuch are given in Table 4.5. And their Population density & sex ratio is shown in Figure – 4.2.

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Table 4.4 Demographic Data

Population Data VILLAGE_NAME NO_HH TOT_P TOT_M TOT_F P_06 M_06 F_06

Amdada 141 663 344 319 101 54 47 Amleshwar 394 1972 1051 921 272 148 124

Bhuva 129 709 377 332 109 67 42 Cholad 101 552 280 272 78 41 37

Dayadra 700 4257 2182 2075 650 296 354 Derol 553 2904 1460 1444 447 225 222 Detral 115 547 274 273 98 44 54 Hinglot 361 2004 975 1029 291 146 145 Karmad 482 2647 1323 1324 357 181 176 Kelod 393 1864 961 903 273 143 130 Kurala 169 804 414 390 126 56 70

Mahudhala 264 1370 711 659 186 96 90 Manubar 719 5561 1968 3593 540 270 270 Navetha 175 853 414 439 129 58 71

Sankhvad 120 596 311 285 88 41 47 Sarnar 192 1124 580 544 166 79 87 Tham 304 2221 1016 1205 296 173 123 Tralsa 572 2710 1394 1316 403 210 193 Tralsi 147 712 365 347 103 51 52 Vadva 106 611 295 316 101 55 46 Vahalu 393 2105 1088 1017 297 163 134 Vansi 227 1269 657 612 217 126 91

Vesdada 106 573 299 274 89 42 47 Ankot 155 704 380 324 86 51 35

Aragama 201 1021 506 515 146 75 71 Bhersam 315 1361 692 669 230 119 111

Juned 90 424 221 203 51 23 28 Kothia 103 497 249 248 83 36 47 Pisad 133 646 320 326 98 51 47 Rahad 190 911 454 457 142 71 71 Sachan 147 688 349 339 74 39 35

Saladara 197 971 468 503 129 53 76 Saran 216 1127 573 554 186 92 94

Sayakha 189 835 430 405 123 72 51 Sutrel 179 904 449 455 108 60 48

Vachhnad 137 714 374 340 100 56 44 Vagra 1368 6745 3518 3227 945 477 468

Vahiyal 247 1143 601 542 141 69 72 Vastikhandali 346 1793 905 888 290 152 138

Vilayat 409 2077 1048 1029 330 167 163 Vorasamni 426 2628 1310 1318 395 196 199

Note: NO_HH= Number of Household, TOT_P= Total Population, TOT_M= Total Male, TOT_F= Total Female, P_06= Population (0‐6 Year), M_06= Male (0‐6 Year), F_06= Female (0‐6 Year)

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Table 4.4 (Continued) Demographic Data

SC/ST Population Data VILLAGE_NAME P_SC M_SC F_SC P_ST M_ST F_ST

Amdada 27 15 12 407 212 195 Amleshwar 109 53 56 818 443 375

Bhuva 20 11 9 87 43 44Cholad 37 17 20 271 132 139

Dayadra 57 30 27 1246 623 623 Derol 205 93 112 760 400 360 Detral 35 16 19 274 142 132Hinglot 268 133 135 174 82 92 Karmad 63 32 31 690 359 331 Kelod 91 49 42 937 486 451 Kurala 0 0 0 409 205 204

Mahudhala 146 80 66 306 159 147 Manubar 209 109 100 728 373 355 Navetha 92 41 51 290 140 150

Sankhvad 1 0 1 229 116 113Sarnar 44 18 26 148 86 62 Tham 103 53 50 470 241 229 Tralsa 134 63 71 1053 554 499Tralsi 55 30 25 354 181 173Vadva 21 8 13 260 126 134 Vahalu 62 31 31 489 251 238 Vansi 35 17 18 339 189 150

Vesdada 94 44 50 145 84 61 Ankot 58 29 29 114 62 52

Aragama 21 10 11 295 153 142 Bhersam 27 13 14 770 395 375

Juned 199 103 96 0 0 0 Kothia 56 30 26 215 104 111 Pisad 47 22 25 187 92 95 Rahad 37 16 21 561 279 282Sachan 11 7 4 0 0 0

Saladara 49 18 31 331 174 157 Saran 53 28 25 287 158 129

Sayakha 49 25 24 354 179 175Sutrel 41 22 19 325 162 163

Vachhnad 21 9 12 249 130 119 Vagra 472 246 226 1678 852 826

Vahiyal 87 43 44 497 256 241 Vastikhandali 20 6 14 367 190 177

Vilayat 95 44 51 717 382 335 Vorasamni 139 72 67 598 302 296

Note: P_SC= Population Schedule caste, M_SC= Male Schedule caste, F_SC= Female Schedule caste, P_ST= Population Schedule tribe, M_ST= Male Schedule tribe, F_ST= Female Schedule tribe

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Literacy Data VILLAGE NAME P_LIT M_LIT F_LIT P_ILL M_ILL F_ILL


Bhuva 469 280 189 240 97 143 Cholad 339 204 135 213 76 137

Dayadra 2437 1408 1029 1820 774 1046Derol 2058 1134 924 846 326 520 Detral 316 192 124 231 82 149 Hinglot 1371 744 627 633 231 402 Karmad 2038 1079 959 609 244 365Kelod 1063 627 436 801 334 467 Kurala 407 253 154 397 161 236

Mahudhala 949 553 396 421 158 263 Manubar 4309 1449 2860 1252 519 733Navetha 492 274 218 361 140 221

Sankhvad 328 223 105 268 88 180 Sarnar 772 434 338 352 146 206 Tham 1504 703 801 717 313 404Tralsa 1508 907 601 1202 487 715 Tralsi 397 232 165 315 133 182 Vadva 277 141 136 334 154 180Vahalu 1474 821 653 631 267 364Vansi 800 456 344 469 201 268

Vesdada 306 194 112 267 105 162 Ankot 453 286 167 251 94 157

Aragama 595 336 259 426 170 256 Bhersam 715 409 306 646 283 363

Juned 263 147 116 161 74 87 Kothia 317 189 128 180 60 120Pisad 398 235 163 248 85 163 Rahad 524 308 216 387 146 241 Sachan 460 261 199 228 88 140

Saladara 774 403 371 197 65 132Saran 643 364 279 484 209 275

Sayakha 382 228 154 453 202 251 Sutrel 623 353 270 281 96 185

Vachhnad 461 270 191 253 104 149Vagra 4672 2724 1948 2073 794 1279

Vahiyal 748 464 284 395 137 258 Vastikhandali 1248 692 556 545 213 332


Note: P_LIT= Literate Population, M_LIT= Male Literate, F_LIT= Female Literate, P_ILL= Illiterates Population, M_ILL= Male Illiterate, F_ILL= Female Illiterate

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Occupation Data

VILLAGE NAME TOT_WORK_F

MAIN_WORK_P

MAIN_CL_P

MAIN_HH_P

MAIN_OT_P

MARG_WORK_P


Bhuva 36 227 81 2 94 21 Cholad 76 237 62 0 23 0

Dayadra 477 1400 160 41 412 131 Derol 168 779 82 12 416 157 Detral 82 234 19 0 52 1Hinglot 68 511 81 8 293 30Karmad 192 778 58 36 331 33 Kelod 363 836 104 24 159 123 Kurala 143 380 86 1 117 42

Mahudhala 182 555 91 3 198 9 Manubar 230 1189 184 4 560 27 Navetha 65 264 52 0 91 21

Sankhvad 70 217 59 0 74 4Sarnar 56 341 96 3 157 29 Tham 178 644 25 56 333 6 Tralsa 506 1269 223 6 237 92 Tralsi 105 322 36 0 62 0Vadva 51 212 42 0 64 0 Vahalu 204 725 143 0 215 8 Vansi 76 413 79 7 146 12

Vesdada 60 216 18 0 130 14Ankot 55 285 79 1 69 0

Aragama 77 344 42 0 139 6 Bhersam 344 614 115 0 56 179

Juned 42 174 54 1 39 1 Kothia 48 207 55 1 20 0 Pisad 74 125 77 0 38 150 Rahad 137 196 49 1 66 198Sachan 21 246 90 0 31 0

Saladara 109 388 54 4 110 3 Saran 24 358 198 0 10 24

Sayakha 130 392 114 0 35 5Sutrel 110 229 49 2 80 154

Vachhnad 20 143 55 0 82 68 Vagra 523 2003 208 77 1138 419

Vahiyal 181 494 119 0 127 38Vastikhandali 137 622 136 0 216 17


Note: TOT_WORK_F= TOTAL WORK POPULATION, MAIN_WORK_P= MAIN WORKER POPULATION, MAIN_CL_P= MAIN CULTIVATOR POPULATION, MAIN_HH_P= MAIN HOUSEHOLD POPULATION, MAIN_OT_P= MAIN OTHER POPULATION, MARG_WORK_P= MARGINAL WORKER POPULATION

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Table ‐ 4.5 Population Density

(Courtesy: Census Dept., GOI)

Name Population (Persons)

Population Density(Person / Sq. Km.)

Sex Ratio (No. Of Females Per 1000 Males)

Taluka Vagra (1991) 68874 80 927 Taluka Vagra (2001) 82647 93.55 913

District Bharuch (1991) 1546145 171 931 District Bharuch (2001) 1370656 210 920

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Figure‐4.3 Population Density & Sex Ratio

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Literacy Rate

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Within 5 kmRadius

Within 10 kmRadius

Taluka Vagra(1991)

Taluka Vagra(2001)

DistrictBharuch(1991)

DistrictBharuch(2001)

Location

Lite

racy

Rat

e (%

)

Male Literacy(%)

FemaleLiteracy(%)

TotalLiteracy (%)

Literacy Rate The literacy rate is a major factor, which influences the socio‐cultural condition of a particular place. Details of literacy rate in District Bharuch, Taluka Vagra are given in Table 4.6 while their graphical representation is shown in Figure 4.4. It is observed that the literacy rate in Bharuch District as per 1991 Census data is 61.92 as percentage of literate population to the total population, with 73.21 % among male and 49.71% among female. Literacy rate in Bharuch District, as per 2001 Census data is 74.79%, with 83.43% among male and 65.42% among female. Literacy rate in Taluka Vagra as per 1991 Census data is 64.02% with 76.78% among males and 50.07% among females. Literacy rate in Taluka Vagra as per 2001 Census data is 73.41% with 84.24% among males and 61.48% among females. Table 4.6 Literacy Rate

Name Male Literacy (%)

Female Literacy (%)

Total Literacy (%)

Taluka Vagra (1991) 76.78 50.07 64.02

Taluka Vagra (2001) 84.24 61.48 73.41

District Bharuch (1991) 73.21 49.71 61.92

District Bharuch (2001) 83.43 65.42 74.79

(Source: Census Dept., GOI) Figure‐4.4 Literacy Data

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4.4 DRAINAGE PATTERN

• The land is flat. The topography of the land is flat, so that there is no change in Drainage pattern at project site.

• The drainage pattern has been captured from the satellite images and updated with the help of various secondary data sources available. The drainage pattern has been over‐layed on the administrative boundary map and has been presented as Figure – 4.5.

• The area is well drained by River Bhukhi, flowing in the south direction and River Bhadra, flowing in west direction of the study area. The River Narmada is flowing in the southern part of the area. The Gulf of Khambhat is in the west. The site concerned is a flood prone area, covered with mud.

The drainage pattern of fourth order has been identified within the area of interest.

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Figure – 4.5 Drainage Pattern Map of the 10 Km Radius


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4.5 GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY 4.5.1 Introduction The district is mainly grounded with alluvial rock formation. The tube well has been constructed significantly in the depth of 65 to 230 m. The state ground water Level ranges from 2 to 35 m bgl. The tube well discharge ranges from 325 to 3400 litters per minute for duration ranges of 3 to 14 meters.

District: Bharuch GROUND WATER MAP

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4.5.2 Geology Geologically the major part of the state is covered by hard rock comprising of gneisses, schists, phyllites, sand stone and basalts remaining area in the north and central is accupied by the soft rock including coastal alluvium. District Bharuch is mainly occupied by the soft rocks like alluvium, tertiary in the north but as we will move to the south the district is covered with hard rocks and few hilly areas. 4.5.3 Hydrology Hydrologically the areas have soft rock aquifers dug wells at the depth of 10 to 25 m, and tube wells at the depth of 50 to 100 m. The levels of ground water productivity of this type of rocks are mapped by violet colour, the difference in the discharge is shown through the difference in the intensity of the colour (light colour=discharge (lpm) 200 to 300 in dug wells and 400 to 600 lpm in the tube well, and dark shade shows the discharge to 200 to 300 lpm in dug wells and 600 to 1200 lpm in tube wells. The hard rock aquifers dug well are found at the depth of 10 to 25 m and bore well at the depth of 100 to 200 m. The areas with extensive hard rock aquifers where pores space of rocks have secondary permeability called ‘fractured permibiallity’,.The intensity can be measured through the darkness in the colour, that is green which is used to map the hard rock aquifers, the discharges varies from 60 to 150 lpm in dug wells areas, 100 to 300 lpm in bore wells. 4.5.4 Groundwater Utilization (Critical Blocks) Based on state of groundwater development, the various blocks/talukas in a district are categorized as over‐exploited, critical, semi critical & safe categories. In case, where annual groundwater withdrawals are more than 100% of the annual recharge availability, it is categorized as over‐exploited, meaning that all the annually replenish able groundwater is already being used up. In cases of talukas, where the annual withdrawals are in the ranges of 90% to 100%, in relative to the annual available groundwater recharge, they are categorized as critical blocks. The talukas/blocks, in which the range is between 70% to 90%, are categorized as semi critical. The safe category of talukas/blocks has stage of groundwater development between 70% in relative to annual recharge availability. Accordingly the various talukas in the district, coming under the project area are categorized as follows:

District Semi‐ critical Critical Over‐ exploited

Bharuch Amod ‐ ‐

Jhagadia ‐ ‐

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Groundwater Resource Availability, Utilization in Bharuch:

1. Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resource: • Monsoon Season:

Recharge from rainfall: 20380 mm Recharge from other sources: 1994 mm

• Non‐monsoon Season: Recharge from rainfall: 0 Recharge from other sources: 5504 mm

• Total: 27878 mm 2. Natural discharge during non‐monsoon Season: 1394 mm 3. Net Annual Ground Water Availability: 26484 mm 4. Annual Ground Water Draft:

• Irrigation: 13349 mm • Domestic and Industrial use: 1835 mm • Total: 15184 mm

5. Projected Demand for Domestic and Industrial uses upto 2025: 2729 mm 6. Ground Water Availability for future irrigation: 10406 mm 7. Stage of Ground Water Development (%): 57

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CHAPTER – 5

IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF

IMPACTS

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CHAPTER – 5 IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS 5.1 IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS The basic idea is to account for the project activity and identify the type of impact that could initially occur followed by the identification of no impact, marginal and major impacts. The identification and assessment of impacts are in terms of major impact, marginal impactand no impact during construction and operational phase of proposed SEZ. Various sources of pollution with respect to wastewater, the flue gas / process emission, hazardous waste and noise generation along with their qualitative and quantitative analysis are identified potential impact, which involves understanding of cause‐condition‐effect relationship between an activity and environmental parameters. All potentially significant impacts from the proposed project are grouped and analyzed in this chapter. Generally the impacts of the proposed project on environmental status is studied on different components namely air environment, water environment, land environment and socio‐economic environment. The broad sub components of each environmental attribute are as follows: 5.2 PREDICTIONS AND EVALUATION OF IMPACTS An impact can be defined as any change in physical, chemical, biological, cultural and/or socioeconomic environment that can be attributed to activities related to alternatives under study for meeting the project needs. Impact methodology provides an organized approach for prediction and assessing these impacts. Scientific techniques and methodologies based on mathematical modeling are available for studying impacts of various project activities on environmental parameters. 5.2.1 Water Environment M/s. Gujarat Hydrocarbons and Power SEZ Ltd. will use water mainly for Domestic, Cooling, Washing Process and Boiler purposes. 5.2.1.1 Impact during Construction Phase The peak water requirement during construction will be available from the GIDC water supply system. Further, the wastewater generation during the construction period will be basically from construction activities and the sanitary units provided for the workers. Hence, there will not be any impact on the water environment. 5.2.1.2 Impact during Operation Phase The effluent will generate from proposed project during operational phase, which will be segregated in three categories:

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1. Process Effluent – 1.2 MLD (Effluent collection and disposal system of 1.2 Million liters per day (MLD), Primary, secondary treatments to be done by individual units. The effluent after secondary treatment at individual units will be transferred to the common effluent treatment plant through tankers) 2. The non‐biodegradable process effluent (high COD & TDS) – 0.060 MLD (Send to common incinerator) 3. Domestic waste water – 0.75 MLD (Domestic waste water will be treated in common STP and will be reused as gardening, firefighting, flushing, floor washing, etc.) Hence, there will be marginal impact on the water environment. 5.2.2 Air Environment

5.2.2.1 Impact during Construction Phase During construction phase, dust emissions will be the main pollutant, which would be generated from the site development activities and vehicular movement on the road. Further, concentration of NOx and CO may also slightly increase due to increased vehicular traffic movement. However, the increase in ambient concentrations of air quality will be negligible. As most of the construction equipment will be mobile, the emissions are likely to be fugitive.

There will some likelihood that during the construction phase local air quality may be temporarily affected by these emissions.

5.2.2.2 Impact during Operation Phase

• For developer of SEZ ‐ major emission is Incinerator except that from activity after development of the Project.

• During operational phase, Process and fugitive emission from individual member Industries but emitting units will be required to setup their own units for control of emission/ dust, if required, as per MoEF/ GPCB guidelines.

• Odor and VOC will generate from individual member Industries. Hence, there will be marginal impact on the air environment.

With respect to operation phase impact, Air emission from M/s. Gujarat Hydrocarbons & Power SEZ Ltd. includes both process and utility emissions. The different air emissions at M/s. Gujarat Hydrocarbons & Power SEZ Ltd. are PM, SO2, NOx from incinerator. The site specific and monitored details considered for input data for the software “ISC‐AERMOD View” by Lakes Environmental, Canada for prediction of impact on air environment are given in Table‐5.1.

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TABLE – 5.1 DETAILS OF EMISSION FROM STACK

Note: * Permissible Limit

Sr.No. Parameter Source of Emission

1. Name of source Incinerator

2. Source Height (m) 30

3. Emission rate

PM (mg/Nm3) 150*

SO2 (mg/Nm3) 262*

NOx (mg/Nm3) 94*

4. Gas Temperature (0K ) 418

5. Gas Velocity (m/s) 4.5

6. Source Diameter (m) 1.0

7. Wind speed (m/s) 1.81

8. Ambient temperature (0K) 303

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FIGURE ‐ 5.1 EQUAL CONCENTRATION CONTOUR PLOT FOR PM

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FIGURE ‐ 5.2 EQUAL CONCENTRATION CONTOUR PLOT FOR SO2

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FIGURE ‐ 5.3 EQUAL CONCENTRATION CONTOUR PLOT FOR NOx

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TABLE – 5.2 SUMMARY OF ISCST3 MODEL OUTPUT FOR PM, SO2 & NOx

SR.

NO.

LOCATIONS X, Y

CO‐ORDINATES

MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION

PM

(µg/m3)

NOx

(µg/m3)

SO2

(µg/m3)

1. Project Site (A1) (0, 0) 0.000 0.000 0.000

2. Vilayat (A2) (953, ‐1587) 0.000 0.000 0.000

3. Amdada (A3) (‐3175, ‐7143) 0.150 0.094 0.263

4. Saran (A4) (‐4127,4286) 0.055 0.034 0.097

5. Vorasamni (A5) (1111, 2222) 0.088 0.055 0.154

6. Argama (A6) (3492, 2222) 0.005 0.003 0.008

7. Vansi (A7) (0, ‐5555) 0.000 0.000 0.000

8. Cholad (A8) (‐2698, ‐3175) 0.292 0.183 0.510

SR.NO. X, Y

CO‐ORDINATES

MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION

PM

(µg/m3)

SO2

(µg/m3)

NOx

(µg/m3)

1. (‐1000, ‐1000) 0.6195 ‐‐ ‐‐

2. (‐1000, ‐1000) ‐‐ 1.0820 ‐‐

3. (‐1000, ‐1000) ‐‐ ‐‐ 0.3882

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TABLE – 5.3 PREDICTED AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

SR. NO.

SAMPLING LOCATION

SPM NOX SO2 AVERAGE

(MIN‐MAX) 1. Project Site (A1) 94.00

(91.00‐96.00) 21.00

(17.00‐25.00) 14.00

(11.00‐16.00)

2. Vilayat (A2) 93.00 (87.00‐98.00)

25.00 (18.00‐30.00)

12.00 (08.00‐16.00)

3. Amdada (A3) 90.15 (82.15‐95.15)

30.09 (27.09‐35.09)

21.26 (17.26‐25.26)

4. Saran (A4) 91.05 (84.05‐98.05)

26.03 (22.03‐32.03)

18.09 (12.09‐26.09)

5. Vorasamni (A5) 86.09 (81.09‐94.09)

28.05 (20.05‐35.05)

20.15 (16.15‐25.15)

6. Argama (A6) 93.00 (91.00‐95.00)

22.00 (16.00‐26.00)

13.00 (11.00‐16.00)

7. Vansi (A7) 74.00 (69.00‐80.00)

18.00 (14.00‐24.00)

10.00 (6.00‐14.00)

8. Cholad (A8) 94.29 (87.29‐98.29)

29.18 (22.18‐34.18)

17.51 (12.51‐24.51)

NAAQS 100 80 80

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5.2.3 Noise Environment 5.2.3.1 Impact during Construction Phase The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicular traffic, construction equipment like dozers, scrapers, concrete mixers, cranes, pumps, compressors, pneumatic tools, saws, vibrators, etc. There will be temporary impact on ambient noise levels during the construction activities.

5.2.3.2 Impact during Operation Phase The main sources of noise pollution in the plant are boiler, diesel generator and other noise generating units. Vehicular movements during operation phase for loading/unloading of raw & finished materials and other transportation activity may also increase noise level. Hence, there will be marginal impact on the noise environment. 5.2.4 Land Environment 5.2.4.1 Impact during Construction Phase The construction activities will result in loss of topsoil to some extent in the proposed SEZ area and at infrastructural development areas such as CETP. The topsoil requires proper handling like separate stacking so that it can be used for green belt development. Apart from localized construction impacts at the plant site, permanent impact on soil in the surrounding area is anticipated. 5.2.5 Impact on Land Use (R & R Policy) The proposed SEZ site is within a declared GIDC estate for chemical industries. Hence, there is no additional land acquisition process, no Rehabilitation & Resettlement issues involved in the proposed development, neither will decrease the area available for cultivation as land is within GIDC estate. Since the Landuse of the proposed project is already earmarked as industrial for the purpose of development of chemical units, no additional Land use change will take place; hence no impact on the environment is likely to occur. 5.2.6 Impact on Ecology The proposed SEZ site is within a declared GIDC estate, so there will not be any impact on fauna & flora. The layout of the proposed facilities will be designed such that most of the new facilities are located within the existing boundary near operational convenience and to minimize disturbance to the community. No felling of trees is envisaged, as the proposed land area is more or less plain and devoid of trees or plantation. Hence, the impact on ecology is predicted to be' minimal during construction phase of the project.

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5.2.7 Impact of Proposed Project on Infrastructural facilities existing in neighboring town and need for up gradation 5.2.7.1 Positive Impacts Impact on Economy All industries including chemicals manufacturing units are responsible for the economical growth of state of Gujarat and nation as a whole. Over the years, chemical Industries of Gujarat have earned a reputation in this country and have also been the main stay of economical growth. Impact on Income The proposed SEZ being for export units, and due to increase in the jobs for local persons, their revenues will also increase and the employment potential of the local areas will increase. Impacts on Infrastructure Due to establishment of SEZ the infrastructure in this area will be improved. The important areas where we can observe the growths are public transport, water supply, telecommunications, public wealth, Power, etc. Imapact on Employment Due to coming up of SEZ with many chemical industries will improve the employment opportunities of local population as well as of the country. The industrial growth will have positive impact on socio economic conditions of surrounding population. Impact on Human Settlement There shall be no displacement of any population in project area and it is barren land which is purchased by Gujarat Hydrocarbons and Power SEZ Ltd for development of SEZ from GIDC. Impacts on cultural resources There will an increase in the local population as labors and employees from other parts of the country will be coming, the cultural resources of the nearby areas will improve to cater, the increased population of the area.

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5.3 Matrix Representation The impact matrix relating the parameters to the activities during construction and operation phase are presented in Table 5.4. Table ‐ 5.4 Construction & Operation Stage Potential Impacts & Mitigative Measures (Cumulative Impacts)

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS

POSSIBLE IMPACTS

SOURCES OF IMPACT MITIGATIVE MEASURE

REMARKS

Water Quality Water Contamination

Construction activity & sanitation in housing for

workers.

Discharge of process effluents, sewage and

utility wastewater

Temporary in Septic Tank

Common Effluent treatment plant

(ETP) & STP

Discharge of treated effluent to GIDC drain.

Marginal impact

Air Quality Dust Emission

Slight Increase in SO2, NOX, SPM & HC

concentration in ambient air

Due to Vehicle movement and excavation

Process emissions,

Fugitive emissions & Utility stack emissions

Control equipment for fugitive emissions

Adequate stack heights & APCE

It is temporary

No remarkable increase in GLCs.

Marginal impacts on ambient air

quality Noise Slight Increase

noise level Construction and Project operation due to vehicle

movement and Constuction & operation

activity

Noise abatement at generation point

& green belt before receptor

Marginal impact

Soil Soil Contaminaion

Construction activities will result in loss of

topsoil Solid & Hazardous Waste

during Operation

‐‐

Disposed at TSDF site

Permanent Impact

Marginal Impact

Socio‐Economic Overall growth &

development of area,

increased employment, improvement

in infrastructure and growth of downstream

industries

Project activities General area planning in

advance by GIDC and classified as

notified industrial estate by GIDC

Beneficial Impact

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Terrestrial Ecology Minor loss of habitat‐flora & fauna, loss of agricultural

land

Project activities Green belt Proper management of

solid waste

No impact

Infrastructure & Services

Improved communication, transport,

housing, educational &

medical facilities

Project Development has been gradual

Beneficial impact

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CHAPTER – 6

TRAFFIC SURVEY STUDIES

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Chapter ‐6

Traffic Survey Studies 6.1 Traffic Survey Trip Generation 6.1.1 Commercial Trips Basic Assumption:

The commercial traffic is estimated on the expected flow of raw materials into and flow of finished products out of the individual member Industries of the Gujarat Hydrocarbons and Power SEZ Limited. The Goods movement to the industries by roads is assumed to take place 60% by DLA ‐45m Row road and rest by the external road network via main entrance. Assessment of the commercial traffic was carried out based on the following assumptions.

• The modal split for the inflow and outflow of goods are assumed based on commodity type of each industry.

• Appropriate vehicle carrying capacities are assumed, and the total vehicular trips generated per day corresponding to inflow and outflow of materials are estimated. Empty trucks going out after unloading and empty trucks coming in for loading are also considered for the total commercial trips.

• The flow of goods traffic is assumed to be for 20 hours. 5% of total commercial trips are assumed during the peak hour and then these are converted to passenger car unit (PCU) per hour using PCU factors.

• The commercial traffic from the individual member industries is estimated on the basis of the expected flow of raw materials into and flow of finished products out of the individual member Industries of the Gujarat Hydrocarbons and Power SEZ Limited.

• The raw materials tonnage per hour to the Gujarat Hydrocarbons and Power SEZ Limited which is proposed in as area 140 hectares is taken as 400 tones per hour.

Modal Split: Dedicated logistics access is assumed to be commissioned in 2014, the options of finished products and raw materials can be accessed by rail and roads. The assumptions for modal split between two modes. By road (Input – 50% and output – 50%) and By rail (Input – 50% and output – 50%). The movement of goods by road is assumed to be primarily by 2 Axle Trucks (Capacities ‐16 tones) (Raw Materials ‐30% and Products ‐25%), 3 Axle Trucks (Capacities ‐25 tones) (Raw Materials ‐45% and Products ‐40%) and Multi Axle Trucks (Capacities ‐31 tones) (Raw Materials ‐25% and Products ‐35%).

6.1.2 Basic Assumption for Employees of Member Industries:

• The estimated total employees working in Gujarat Hydrocarbons and power SEZ Limited will approx. 11,000.

• The employees of industries are assumed to work in a 3 shift regime 8 hrs each.

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• The employees working in the utility area are assumed to be working in general shift (9:00 to 5:00).

• 100% of the employees of industries and 80% of employees in the utility area are assumed to come in the respective peak hours. Then with suitable PCU factors and occupancies, passenger trips in PCU per hour are estimated.

6.1.3 Basic Assumption for Residential Area:

• 50% of the total residential population is assumed to be occupying low rise residential area and 50% of high rise residential area.

• The total residential population is assumed ‐7500. • The per capita trip rate is assumed as 1.1. • The split of trips – (work trips – 40%, School Trips – 30% and others – 30%).

6.1.4 Basic Assumption for Commercial Area:

• The effective carpet area is taken as 80% of the total retail area (Mall). • The population of the retails area on a typical weekend day and week day is taken as

20 and 50 sq.ft. as per person per day. • 70% of the trips to the retail area are assumed coming from the residential area in the

non processing zone. • 40% of the shopping trips on a weekend day are assumed to come in the evening peak

and 40 % in the absolute peak hour. • 70% of the shopping trips on a weekend day are assumed to come in the evening peak

and 40 % in the absolute peak hour.

6.1.4 Basic Assumption for Institutional Area:

• Total no. of Student – 1500 (approx.) • 50% of the school trips are assumed to come from the residential area and the rest

from outside.

6.1.5 Recommendations

• The total generated peak hour traffic from the SEZ is 4000 PCU per hour. • The truck parking area provided outside fence area are found to be adequate to cater

to trucks coming to SEZ. • By 2015, SH‐64 needs to be upgraded after the development of the Gujarat

Hydrocarbons and Power SEZ limited. • The traffic analysis is carried out under the assumption.

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6.2 Traffic management

Traffic management technologies have been developed primarily to counter traffic related problems which are broadly travel delays, parking problems and safety problems. The causes of these problems have been tackled through technology intervention of various levels. The technology solutions that have been developed around the world include the following. For proper travel demand management, the techniques being used are car pooling, park & ride systems, staggering of office hours & congestion pricing.

On the supply management side the techniques involve either provision of more roads in infrastructure or introduction of better mass transport systems. Efficient bus systems with priority lanes/signals and innovative mass transit systems etc. will be planned. Depending upon the requirement of the proposed SEZ some general solutions planned are as follows:

• Encourage car pooling

• Implementation of common transport buses, mini buses, etc.

• Parking control standardization

• Bus lane implementation

• Better signs, route maps & signals

• Better passenger information systems in the form of variable message signs

• Efficient licensing systems 6.2.1 Transportation Facility The site is situated near national highway no. 8 runs at 17 Km in East Direction. The frequency of transport is quite high on the route as it connects the Bharuch district. The nearest railway station (Bharuch) is 17 km away from the site. Apart from the general transport facility the company will provide dedicated transportation facility like buses and cars. The company has also decided to provide internal transportation facility i.e. Auto, Taxi, etc. for the people working in the SEZ.

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Car Parking:

Roads:

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Truck Parking

chapter – 4 land use pattern, biological environment and...

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