chapter 34: the great war unit 7 ap world history written by: kimberly zerbst
TRANSCRIPT
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Sources of conflict
Colonial Troops/Conscription
Technological advancements in war
New warfare tactics
Treaty of Paris/League of Nations
Epidemic Disease
SC standard GS 5.1
Total War
►Mass civilian population involved in war.
►News censored.►Propaganda used►Socialists supported war.►Capitalism replaced by gov’t
controlled economy.
Sources of Global Conflict: competition for resources
Raw materials
Mineral resources
What is the greatest resource of all?
Sources of Global Conflict: Ethnic Conflict
Worldwide
In what ways do you think ethnic conflict was exacerbated by imperialism?
Sources of Global Conflict: Power rivalry between G.B. & Germany
Started with the Industrial Revolution
Naval race
Ethnic rivalry
The position of Prussia in Germany will not be determined by its liberalism but by its power ... Prussia must concentrate its strength and hold it for the favourable moment, which has already come and gone several times. Since the treaties of Vienna, our frontiers have been ill-designed for a healthy body politic. Not through speeches and majority decisions will the great questions of the day be decided - that was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849 - but by iron and blood. [Otto Von Bismark Sept. 1862]
Sources of Global Conflict: Nationalist Ideologies
Language
Customs
Traditions
Values
Experiences
Religion (sometimes)
“Nationalism is an infantile thing. It is the measles of mankind.” ― Albert Einstein
Checking for Understanding:Using your whiteboard, answer the following Questions
What is total war?
I will give you the incident you classify it in it’s proper category as a source of conflict prior to and during WWI: Imperialism Competition for resources Ethnic conflict Power rivalries between Great Britain & Germany Nationalist ideology Economic crisis caused by the Great Depression
SC standard GS 5.1
Militarism & Arms Race
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
Militarism- A National policy of military aggressiveness.
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions of £s.
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%
Nationalism
Nationalism-Demand for national groups for independence.
Pan-Slavism-Nationalist movement to unite all Slavic peoples.
*Slavs protected by Russia
* 1908, Austria annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina
• Slavs living in Bosnia-Herzegovina want to united into Yugoslavia.
ANZAC troops
Australian and New Zealand army Corps
Fought at Gallipoli
Stayed in the middle east as ‘peacekeepers’
Technology of Total War
Advances in industrialization
What factors do you think have to exist for humanity to be willing to invest time, effort, and money into developing weapons of mass murder?
SC standard GS 5.1
The Schlieffen Plan
German plan to invade France through Belgium; Win France then fight Russia
Underestimated Russia
Plan fails; leads to a 2 front war
Battle of the Marne (Sept. 1914
SC standard GS 5.1
Turning Point of War
►Collapse of Russia * Allies want Russia to remain in war * 1917 Tsar’s gov’t fails * Bolsheviks take control of Russian
gov’t. * Sign Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Dec.
1917) Allows Russia to w/d from WWI. * Russians give up Finland, Poland,
Baltic States and parts of the Ukraine. * Germans switch focus to Western
Front
SC standard GS 5.1Paris Peace Conference
Big Four: Lloyd George (Br), Clemenceau (Fr.), Wilson (US), Orlando (It).
Central Powers Excluded
Italy leaves conference mad.
SC standard GS 5.1
Versailles Treaty
Germany: lost 10% of land; create Poland, Czechoslovakia, return Alsace-Lorraine to France
Austrian empire dismantled
Bulgaria lost land
Turkish land divided among Allied countries (protectorates)
Germany blamed for war; ordered to pay reparations – $33 billion
German military strictly limited (defense only)
SC standard GS 5.1
14 points
W. Wilson (US) brings ideas to the peace table: Self-determination for repressed nationalities Disarmament Freedom of the seas to all International body to oversea international relations
(League of Nations) US never signs on to LoN – want to stay out of Euro
politics
Checking for Understanding
Who were the big winners at the Treaty of Versailles?
Who were the big losers at the Treaty of Versailles?
What kind of countries were created as a result of the treaty?
How does this portend for the future of Europe?