Chapter 33Chapter 33The Health of the The Health of the

EnvironmentEnvironmentLesson 1Lesson 1

Air and WaterAir and Water

Lesson 1 Objectives:Lesson 1 Objectives:

• Identify sources of air pollution.• Explain the green house effect.• Explain the effect of CFC’s on the ozone

layer.• Name sources of water pollution.

Air PollutionAir Pollution

• The contamination of the earth’s atmosphere by substances that pose a health threat to humans, plants, and animals

2 Main Forms of Air Pollutants2 Main Forms of Air Pollutants

• Gases– Most are produced by fossil fuels such as coal, oil,

wood, or natural gas– Another source is the evaporation of liquid solvents

• Particulates– Tiny particles suspended and carried through air– Could be dust, soot, and mold spores– Also occur suspended in gases

GasesGases

• Carbon monoxide (CO) – Colorless, odorless gas

that results from the burning of most substances

– Sources include tobacco smoke and exhaust fumes

– Binds with hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying part of blood) and prevents body from receiving the oxygen it needs

– Can be fatal

GasesGases

• Nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides– Produced from burning

fossil fuels like coal and oil– Cause burning and tearing

of eyes– Can trigger respiratory

problems– “Acid rain” is a by-product

which can destroy plant life and corrode stone and metal

Acid Rain DamageAcid Rain Damage

GasesGases

• Carbon dioxide– When large amounts

of gas are released into atmosphere by burning petroleum, coal, and other fossil fuels, the greenhouse effect can occur

Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect

• A slowdown in the rate at which the earth loses heat, causing an increase in the earth’s temperature

• Global warming negatively affects crops and causes sea levels to rise

GasesGases

• Hydrocarbons-Combination of

hydrogen and carbon incompletely burned

-Motor vehicle exhaust is the primary source

-Poisonous and linked to some cancers

-Primary source is vehicle exhaust

SmogSmog

• The reaction of hydrocarbons with nitric oxide in the presence of sunlight produces smog

• Can reduce visibility by 70% and causes eyes to sting

GasesGases

• Chlorofluorocarbons-CFC’s are invisible and odorless compounds of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon -Used as refrigerants and propellants in aerosol

spray cans-They rise and react with sunlight to produce

chemicals that destroy ozone molecules that protect the earth from harmful ultraviolet rays

ParticulatesParticulates

• EPA estimates 60,000 people in US die each year from respiratory problems linked to particulate emissions from

• Lead• Asbestos

ParticulatesParticulates

• Lead– Can poison kidneys,

liver, and nervous system and can cause mental retardation in babies and children

– Paint-related lead poisoning is a problem in substandard buildings

Lead SourcesLead Sources

Effects of LeadEffects of Lead

Asbestos EffectsAsbestos Effects

Sources of AsbestosSources of Asbestos• Asbestos

– Mineral occurring in the form of fibers

– Once used on hot-water pipes and as a fireproof insulator

– Linked to lung cancer, especially in people who also smoke

MesotheliomaMesothelioma• Cancer of a membrane

that covers and protects most internal organs of the body

• Disease in which cells become abnormal and divide without control invading and damaging nearby tissues and organs

• Most people who develop it have worked in jobs where they inhaled asbestos particles

Water PollutionWater Pollution

• Industry, agriculture, and private citizens threaten the health of freshwater sources

Water PollutionWater PollutionRaw Sewage and Industrial WastesRaw Sewage and Industrial Wastes

• When sewage is dumped in quantities too large to be biodegradable (able to be broken down by microorganisms in the environment) the water is no longer safe for use

• Disease-causing viruses and bacteria become a serious threat to humans and aquatic life

• Industry wastes include acids, dyes, and metals

Water PollutionWater PollutionHarmful ChemicalsHarmful Chemicals

• Runoff– Polluted groundwater

that drains into streams

– Pesticides and herbicides are toxic and can contaminate drinking water

– Household cleaning products like bleaches and detergents contain chlorine or phosphates

Water PollutionWater PollutionOil SpillsOil Spills

• Millions of gallons of petroleum and crude oil are transported in world’s waterways each day

• Tank flushings and offshore rigs can release oil into ocean

• Should explore alternative energy sources

Did you master the Ch 33 Lesson 1 Did you master the Ch 33 Lesson 1 objectives?objectives?

• Identify the sources of air pollution.• Explain the greenhouse effect.• Explain the effect of CFC’s on the ozone

layer.• Name sources of water pollution.

Ch 33Ch 33The Health of the The Health of the

EnvironmentEnvironmentLesson 2Lesson 2

LandLand

Lesson 2 Objectives:Lesson 2 Objectives:

• Identify environmental problems associated with waste disposal.

• Describe the effects of population growth on the environment.

• Explain the difference between deforestation and desertification.

Toxic DumpingToxic Dumping

• Each year billions of tons of solid waste are dumped, burned, and buried in the US.

Toxic DumpingToxic Dumping

• Creates 2 problems:– Landfills are nearing full

capacity– The nature of the wastes

are changing• EPA calls hazardous

waste any substances that are explosive, corrosive, flammable, or toxic to human or other life forms

• Generated by military private industry, hospitals, & individuals

Toxic WasteToxic Waste• Wastes release gases

and other toxins that seep into soil, polluting underground and surface water

• Landfills are being lined and they are trying to keep them away from flooding and high groundwater

• More reliable options need to be explored

Toxic SpillToxic Spill

Nuclear Waste DisposalNuclear Waste Disposal

• Nuclear wastes are radioactive and extremely dangerous

• Decay rates – must be isolated for 10,000 years +

Expansion and DevelopmentExpansion and Development

• Population growth is accelerating– Took ½ million years

to reach 1 billion– Next billion were born

in 80 years– Have been clearing

land to make room

Expansion and DevelopmentExpansion and DevelopmentDisappearing ForestsDisappearing Forests

• Deforestation – destruction of forests when making way for farms, ranch land &/or industry

• Upsets balance of nature (takes away homes for plants & animals, erosion, flooding, sediment build up, changes patterns of rainfall)

Expansion and DevelopmentExpansion and DevelopmentExpanding DesertsExpanding Deserts

• Desertification – the conversion of grasslands, rain-fed cropland, or irrigated cropland to desert like conditions

• Creates a drop in agricultural productivity

Expansion and DevelopmentExpansion and DevelopmentResponding to These Environmental TrendsResponding to These Environmental Trends

• Care must be taken to avoid destruction of land features and undue drain on natural resources

• Preserve habitats of plants and animals

Did you master the Ch 22 Lesson 2 Did you master the Ch 22 Lesson 2 objectives?objectives?

• Identify environmental problems associated with waste disposal.

• Describe the effects of population growth on the environment.

• Explain the difference between deforestation and desertification.

Chapter 33Chapter 33The Health of the The Health of the

EnvironmentEnvironmentLesson 3Lesson 3

Being an Involved CitizenBeing an Involved Citizen

Lesson 3 Objectives:Lesson 3 Objectives:

• Identify ways to conserve home energy.• Discuss the rules of “precycling”.• Describe the guidelines for recycling.

ConservationConservation

• Protection and preservation of the environment

Guidelines for Home ConservationGuidelines for Home Conservation

• 70% of the energy used at home is for heating or cooling

• 20% used to heat water• 10% goes toward lighting, cooking and

running small appliances

Guidelines for Home ConservationGuidelines for Home Conservation

• Brainstorm things you and your family could do to conserve energy in the following areas:– Heating and cooling– Water (Who can come up with the most

responses for this category?)– Lighting– Cooking

Rules of “Precycling”Rules of “Precycling”

• 1. Be selective about packaging.• 2. Choose products packaged in

recyclable materials (paper, glass, aluminum, and cardboard – not polystyrene which contains CFCs).

• 3. Avoid disposable items.• 4. Buy in bulk.

PrecyclingPrecycling

• Can you name 5 items you currently purchase that do not meet the “precycling” rules. What substitutions could be made to become a more eco friendly consumer?

RecyclingRecycling

• Treating of waste so that it can be reused, as well as an awareness of such practices.– Saves energy– Saves resources by reducing the need for

cutting trees, mining and drilling– Can produce 6 times as many jobs as when

landfills and incineration are used

Guidelines for RecyclingGuidelines for Recycling

• 80% of household waste can be recycled– Aluminum– Cardboard– Clothing and household

items– Glass– Oil– Paper– Tires– Computer printer toner

cartridges

Recycling TriviaRecycling Trivia

• Students will form small groups and play a recycling trivia game. The teacher will be asking numerous questions concerning facts about recycling. Let’s see which group has the most recycling savvy.

Protecting the EnvironmentProtecting the Environment

• Become an informed consumer.• Contact organizations that conserve

resources, and educate people on environmental issues.

• Take action against local polluters.

Did you master the Ch 33 Lesson 3 Did you master the Ch 33 Lesson 3 objectives?objectives?

• Identify ways to conserve home energy.• Discuss the rules of precycling.• Describe the guidelines for recycling.

Ch 33 TestCh 33 Test

• You will be taking a test on Ch 33 on the date set by the teacher.

• FYI – 25 points total– 10 Points in terms with no word bank– 10 Points in true or false questions– 5 Points in short answer questions