Chapter 3 Test ReviewNovember 23, 2014

Part A: Population Growth

1. Birthrate – the average number of births each year per 1,000 population

2. Death Rate – the average number of deaths each year per 1,000 population

3. Migration – people moving from one place to the other4. Population Density – the average number of people living in

a square mile5. Earth’s population has grown very fast because: • birthrate has increased• death rate has decreased• people are living longer (life expectancy increase)

Part A: Population Growth

6. Three challenges that our growing population creates are: • lack of resources• lack of living space• not enough jobs• pollution• lack of energy sources

7. People tend to live in areas that have these three characteristics: • mild climates• low, flat land with fertile soil• near natural and water resources

Part B: Elements of Culture

8. Social Groups – the way we divide a culture into different groups. Groups have expected rules of behavior that are taught within the group.

9. Language – the unique way that a culture group communicates with one another

10. Religion – the system of believing that a culture relies on to explain the world and provide hope

11. History – the major events in a culture’s past, and how those events shape them today

12. Daily Life – the activities a group participates in on a daily basis, like clothing, food, and entertainment

13. Arts – how a culture expresses what they see as beautiful, and what that says about the values of a culture

Part C: Economic and Political Systems14. Economic System – the way a group of people produces,

sells, and consumes goods and services15. Political System – the way a group maintains order through

the use of a government16. Market Economy – works by allowing anyone to own a

business, with these businesses competing for consumers. Prices are controlled by competition and supply and demand.• Advantage: quality product at a low price, hard work pays off• Disadvantage: not everyone is equal, winners win, but losers lose,

high taxes

Part C: Economic and Political Systems17. Command Economy – works by having government own all

businesses, with the government using profits to benefit society• Advantage: everyone is equal, and taxes are low• Disadvantage: no competition, higher prices, workers can be lazy

18. What is a mixed economy? Provide an example of how one might work.• A mixed economy is one where people get to own some

businesses, but government owns and regulates others.

Part C: Economic and Political Systems19. Direct Democracy – system where people make all decisions

directly20. Representative Democracy – system where people vote for

officials to make decisions for them21. Traditional Monarchy – system with a king or queen, based

on birth, and who has unlimited power to make decisions22. Constitutional Monarchy – system with a king or queen

whose power is limited, while people retain power to vote23. Dictatorship – system where all power is held by one person,

or a small group, usually with support of army

Part D: Resources and World Trade24. What is the difference between renewable and non-

renewable resources?• Renewable resources can be replaced and we cannot run out of

them. Nonrenewable are limited to what’s on Earth.25. What is the difference between a developed and a

developing country?• Developed countries have advanced industries and advanced

technology, making money off of manufacturing and selling products. Developing countries rely on agriculture and natural resources for income, and lack industry.

26. What is the difference between an export and an import?• An export is sold to another country for money, an import is

bought from another country.

Part D: Resources and World Trade27. What are two different barriers to trading between nations?

How does each of these barriers work?• Tariff – a tax placed on an imported good, making that good

more expensive than a good made within that country• Quota – a law passed that places a limit on the amount of a good

a country will import, which forces people in that country to buy a good produced in that country.