chapter 3, section 1 and 3. notes take notes on this section in your own notebook – you should...
TRANSCRIPT
Civilizations of India and Pakistan
Chapter 3, Section 1 and 3
NotesTake notes on this section in your own
notebook – you should write down the headings (so on the next slide, “Ancient India – Geography” and you should write down anything that in underlined. Feel free to add any additional information that you find important/interesting!
Ancient India - GeographySubcontinent
HimalayasHindu Kush
Indus RiverNarmada RiverGanges RiverBrahmaputra River
Monsoons were a defining feature of life in the IndusMonsoons are seasonal winds that blow from a certain direction. Bring rain!
Indus River Valley2600 B.C. – lasted about 700 years Very little written documentsWas VERY largeAMAZING Cities
Harappa & Mohenjo – Daro
While watching the video write down what made these cities so amazing!https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJYDM3:00 – 5:55
Early Indus Religious BeliefsArchaeologist have speculated about the
religious beliefs of Indus Valley peopleBelieved that the Indus were polytheisticViewed certain animals as sacred including
buffalo and the bullSome think this led to the veneration or special
regard for cattle.
So . . . What happened to in the Indus Valley Civilization?4 Theories
InvadersDecline of resourcesMajor floodingDevastating Earthquake
Aryan Civilization 2000 B.C. – 1500 B.C. Through acculturation or the blending of two
more cultures the Aryans combined with the early Indian people
Learned much about the early Aryans from the VedasThe Vedas are a collection of hymns, chants,
ritual instructions, and other religious teachings
Used in Hinduism
Aryan Civilization
Cows and bulls = wealth in the Aryan society
Aryan tribes were led by chiefs who were called rajahs.
Rajah = most skilled war leader
Aryan CivilizationAryans divided their society into ranked
groupsBrahmins – priestsKshatriyas - warriorsVaisya – Herders, farmers, artisans, and
merchantsSudras (no heritage) farm workers, servants,
and laborsDalits – Did work others didn’t want to do
Caste System
Brahmin Kshatriyas
Vaishyas
Sudra
Dalit
Aryan Religious BeliefsPolytheistic
Worshipped gods/goddesses who embodied natural forces such as sky, sun, storm, fire
Chief diety – Indra – god of warBrahmins gave offerings of food/drinkEventual changes – notion of “brahman” -
single spiritual force that existed beyond many gods – resided in all thingsConnect through mysticism – yoga/meditation
Aryan Literature By 500 B.C. Indian civilization was flourishingRise of writing – Sanskrit
Read passage of The Mahabharata.
Exit Slip – on post it note w/ NAME
How did geography affect civilizations in Ancient India?
List at least 2 ways, and how it impacted how/where people lived.
No Notes!