Self-paced presentation

WORLD WAR I OVERVIEW

Do the following as you view this power point:

1. Take C Notes on each slide except section headings

(orange with no photographs)

2. Photos that are marked “PHOTO ANALYSIS”

- write down 2 details in the photo

- answer questions on photo analysis block of slide

3. Follow website hyperlinks for additional information on

photographs.

DIRECTIONS

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And their countriesLeaders & Key Figures

3

Match the Leader with the Country

1 2 3 4 5

United States – A(Not on map)

Great Britain - BFrance - C

Austria – Hungary - D Germany - E

B

E

DC

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1 - Kaiser Wilhelm II2 - Franz Joseph I3 - David Lloyd George4 - Georges Clemenceau 5 - Woodrow Wilson

Battlefronts of the War what do you see?

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AUSTRIA-HUNGARIAN: ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND

Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne

He and his wife were assassinated in 1914

Their assassination was the “spark that lit the fuse”

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SERBIA: GAVRILO PRINCIP

He was the assassin who killed Franz Ferdinand

Member of the

Serbian nationalist group the Black Hand

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Countdown to World War I write a short summary

(June – August 1914) June 28 - Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is

assassinated.

July 23 - Austria-Hungary issues a ten-point ult imatum to Serbia (not believing Serbia wil l accept) demanding suppression of publications hosti le to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, dismissal of government offi cials, and allowing Austria-Hungary to participate in court proceedings against Serbian terrorists. Serbia accepts almost al l of the demands, but refuses to al low Austro-Hungarian offi cials to participate in Serbia's internal court proceedings.

July 28 - Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.

July 30 - Russia mobil izes its mil itary reserves (because of al l iance with Serbia).

July 31 - Germany issues ult imatum to Russia to demobil ize within 12 hours.

August 1 - Germany declares war on Russia when Russia refuses to demobil ize. France issues general mobil ization order (because of al l iance with Russia).

August 3 - Germany declares war on France.

August 4 - Germany invades Belgium to attack France. Great Britain declares war on Germany because of a commitment to protect Belgian independence.

Adapted from “The Art and Science of Diplomacy: A World War I Activity” by James Sheehan 8

And other technology

WEAPONS

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NEW WEAPONS

Gas GrenadesTanksPlanesMachine Guns

deemed “WMD”fired up to 600 bullets a minute

Artillerynew and upgraded

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INTRODUCTION OF CHEMICAL GAS

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TYPES OF GASSES

ChlorineUsed first in 1915 at Yprescaused death by asphyxiation

PhoseneLike Chlorine gas this gas burned the lungs

Mustardattacked the skin (moist)eyes, armpits, and groin

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Describe what you see in this photo. What types of weapons and equipment are they using?

PHOTO ANALYSIS

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GRENADE LAUNCHERS

Small arms weapon

Portable on the

battle field

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GAS EXPLODING OVER “NO MAN’S LAND”

Men in the trenches had to be careful about the shift in the wind.

Gas could be blown right back into the trenches they were sent from.

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PROTECTING MAN AND BEAST FROM GASSES

Gas masks were developed to deal with the harsh chemicals being used during WWI.

Often masks were not available

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Follow the link below for a description of the use of torpedo boats. Read the fi rst paragraph only.

TORPEDO BOAT

http://www.cityofart.net/bship/destroyers.html 17

“BIG BERTHA”

German cannon

Could fire at Paris from 12 km. away

1 km = .62 mile

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Challenges of trench warfare

THE BATTLEFIELDS AND TRENCHES

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THE BATTLE FIELD

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PHOTO ANALYSISDescribe what you see in each photo, such as what the trenches are like and what is going on.

2222

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TRENCHES

Usually about 7 feet deep and six feet wide

Zigzag pattern to prevent enemy from shooting straight down

Sandbags put on both sides to absorb enemy bullets

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NO MAN ’S LAND

Land that separated the Allies and German trenches

Normally about 250 yards

PHOTO ANALYSISDescribe what you see. What is No Man’s Land l ike?

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LAYOUT OF TRENCH SYSTEM

Front lineFiring trenchesCommunication

trenchesSupport trenches

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PHOTO ANALYSISDescribe what you think it would be like to fi ght in the trenches.

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TRENCH CYCLE

Varied based on necessity Example

One year of service 70 days on the front line 30 days in support trenches 120 days in reserve 70 days rest

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FIRE STEP

“Stand to” most attacks came at dawn so soldiers were ordered to prepare to defend the trench

First step provided the place to fire upon the enemy 30

DANGERS IN THE TRENCHES

SnipersShell shockDiseaseRatsDangerous

missions

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PHOTO ANALYSIS

PHOTO ANALYSISDescribe what you see in this photo, such as how the trench is constructed and what the people are doing.

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TRENCHES

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PART II:Congratulations! You have made it to the half-way mark.

WORLD WAR I OVERVIEW

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And pilotsAIRCRAFT

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AIRPLANES

ReconnaissanceTorpedo (subs)“Dog fights”Bombers

36 36

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ACCIDENTS

3838

ZEPPELINS

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWzeppelinraids.htm

FOLLOW THE LINK:For information on the use of Zeppelins during the war.

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The Germans perfected a machine gun that would synchronize its firing with the rotation of the propellers.

German Airplane with machine gun was called the Fokker-Eindecker. 41

Planes flying over enemylines were often given anescort.

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FLYING ACES

British: Mannock

(73)

French: Fonk (75)

Belgium: Coppens

(34)

US: Rickenbacker

(26)

Italy: Baracca (36)

Germany Von Richthofen (80)

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THE RED BARON: MANFRED VON RICHTHOFEN

German

Greatest “ace” of WWI.

80 kills

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http://www.lib.auburn.edu/archive/find-aid/101/eddie.htm

Follow the link below for information about Eddie Rickenbacker. Read the section on WWI only.

U. S. ACE

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NEW GUNS

Vicker’s Machine Gun250 round belt

600 rounds per minute

4,500 yard range

Eventually placed on British and French aircraft in 1916 46

46

TANKS

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TANKS

Developed to deal with trench warfare.

Could go through barbed wire.

Diffi cult to destroy

Very slow48

TANKS

First tanks carried 1-2 people and traveled less than 5 mph

Rolls Royce began building armored cars

British - American Mark 8th Carried 8 men Fired 208 shells and 13,000 bullets

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BIGGEST TANK

Russian

PHOTO ANALYSISDescribe what you see. What do you think this tank was designed to do? Do you think it goes very fast?

50 50

SMALLER, MORE MOBILE TANKS

Didn’t offer much protection

but were quicker

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MODIFICATIONS TO THE TANK

Body of the tank was changed so that it could go over trenches

Diffi cult to use tanks in rainy weather and during the winter on the eastern front.

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FLAMETHROWERS

Had to be used up close and personal

Dangerous for the men who used them, too

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Describe what you see in this photo, the landscape and what the people are doing.

PHOTO ANALYSIS

PHOTO ANALYSIS

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And their use in combat

ANIMALS

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USE OF ANIMALS DURING WWI

Dogs, cats, goats, pigeons, horses, camels

Used to deliver messages, find wounded men, haul equipment, mascots

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USE OF ANIMALS

Follow this link for information on Sgt. Stubby http://www.jbmf.us/HST-WW1.asp

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MILITARY WORKING DOCS

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CARRIER PIDGONS

They took messages from the front lines to the command center and all places in between.

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And the treatment of injuries

MEDICINE

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PHOTO ANALYSIS

PHOTO ANALYSISDescribe what you see in this photo, such as the expressions on peoples faces and what they are doing.

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HEALTH PROBLEMS

Trench footTrench feverShell shock

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INJURIES & DEATH

Technological advances lead to higher numbers of casualties

9-10 Million total deaths

Approx. 900 French soldiers & 1300 German soldiers die each day

2,800,000 French soldiers wounded

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MEDICAL ADVANCES

Better evacuation systems Antiseptic surgery using anesthetics on the

battlefieldRemoval of damaged tissues when treating fractures

limiting the risk of gangrene reducing the number of amputations

X-ray detection of projectiles embedded in the fleshFacial plastic surgeryVaccination against typhus & tetanusBlood transfusions

All these were therapeutic capabilities that had no equivalent in earlier confl icts, entirely new specialties were created during the war. 64

SHELL SHOCK SYMPTOMS

Diarrhea Anxiety Hysterical tics Stomach cramps Losing vision

(snipers)Nightmares

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